Tobacco

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the USA

Smoking causes more ill health than any other single behavior or combination of behaviors

Smoking Facts

TeensLook matureBe like their friendsExperiment

AdultsStress & pressureControl their weight (7 pounds less

then non-smokers)

Why People Smoke

Made from dried tobacco leaves, as well as ingredients added for flavor and other reasons

Chemicals, chemicals chemicals 60 chemicals known to cause cancer

(carcinogens).Nicotine

The predominant psychoactive drug present

The addictive agent in tobacco

•Tobacco use is psychological and physical dependence on nicotine

Must keep a continuous amount in the blood and going to the brain

If that amount falls below a certain level, they experience withdrawal symptoms

What’s In Tobacco

Made up of several hundred different chemicals

Just some chemicals in tobacco smoke:Benzene (found in gasoline)Butane( used in lighter fluid)Ammonia (used in household

cleaners)Toluene (found in paint thinners)Cadmium (used in making

batteries)Hydrogen cyanide (used in

making chemical weapons)TarCarbon monoxide

Chemicals In Tobacco Smoke

Heart disease and strokeCoronary heart disease (2-4

x’s more likely)Doubles risk of strokeReduces circulation by

narrowing the blood vesselsIncrease risk of cancer

23 times more likely to develop lung cancer then a person who doesn’t smoke

Cancer of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, larynx (voice box), uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and kidney

Health Effects For Smokers

Affects skinsmokers have paler skin and

more wrinkles. This is because smoking reduces the blood supply

• Stains teeth and gumsChronic obstructive pulmonary

disease conditions that block airflow and

make breathing more difficultExamples: emphysema, chronic

bronchitis

Health Effects For Smokers

• Breathing in smoke that comes from burning tobacco

Two different types of secondhand smokeSidestream smoke – the smoke that comes

from the end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar

Mainstream smoke- the smoke that is exhaled by a smoker

Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to second hand smoke increase their heart disease risk by 25-30%

Lung cancer risk by 20-30%Increase chances of heart attacks

Health Effects For Secondhand Smoke

Tobacco that isn’t smokedTwo types of smokeless tobacco

chewing tobaccosnuff

Smokeless Tobacco

CancerCancer of the oral cavity

Oral healthLeukoplakia- precancerous lesion of the soft

tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped

Recession of gums, gum disease, and tooth decay

• Reproductive Reduce sperm count and abnormal sperm cells

Health Effects For Smokeless Tobacco

Causes health problems for both mothers and babies, such as:Pregnancy complicationsPremature birthLow-birth-weight infantsStillbirthSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Smoking During Pregnancy

Alcohol

CuriosityTo feel good, reduce stress, and relaxTo fit inTo feel older

Why Do Teens Drink?

Yes, it is a drug. It’s a depressant

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)Ethyl alcohol is the psychoactive ingredient

present in alcoholic drinksGrains, fruits, or vegetables

What is alcohol?

BeerWineLiquor

Types Of Alcohol

Absorbed by the stomach, enters the bloodstream and goes to all the tissues

Blood alcohol content (BAC)Percentage of alcohol in the bloodFor instance, a BAC of 0.10 means that 0.10%

(one tenth of one percent) of a person's blood, by volume, is alcohol.

How Is Alcohol Absorbed

Binge drinking For women, 4 or more drinks during a single

occasion. For men, 5 or more drinks during a single

occasion. Heavy drinking

For women, more than 1 drink per day on average.

For men, more than 2 drinks per day on average

Definitions Of Patterns Of Drinking Alcohol

Person's sizeWeightAgeSexAmount of food consumed

Factors Influencing Alcohol Effects

DepressantSlows function of central nervous system

• Alters a persons perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing

• Feel more relaxed or less anxious

How Does Alcohol Affect The Body

• Low doses of alcohol Impairs judgment Impairs coordination

High doses of alcohol Dizziness Talkativeness Slurred speech Disturbed sleep Nausea Vomiting Hangovers

Headache, nausea, thirst, dizziness, fatigue

How Does Alcohol Affect The Body

High Doses of alcoholDecreased heart rateSlower respirationLoss of taste and smellInability to feel painShort-attention spanMemory problemsSexual dysfunction (loss of sensation,

temporary impotence)Vision problems (light sensitivity, color

impairment, blurred vision)

How Does Alcohol Affect The Body

Unintentional injuries, including traffic injuries, falls, drownings, burns, and unintentional firearm injuries.

Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, and increased risk of sexual assault. These behaviors can result in unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.

Alcohol poisoning

Immediate Health Risks

The body has become poisoned by large amounts of alcohol

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning:Violent vomitingExtreme sleepinessUnconsciousnessDifficulty breathingSeizures

• May lead to death, call for help

Alcohol Poisoning

Liver disease Cirrhosis- slowly deteriorates; scar

tissue replaces regular tissue blocking partially blocking the blood through the liver

Alcoholic hepatitis- inflammation of the liver

Heart diseaseCancer

Mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and breast

Pancreatitis Neurological problems

Dementia Stroke

Long-Term Health Risks

Alcoholism- physical addiction to alcohol and continues to drink, despite problems with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or job responsibilities. Alcohol may control your life and relationships

Alcohol abuse- drinking leads to problems, but not physical addiction

Alcoholism vs. Alcohol Abuse

Mild To Moderate Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

Mild to moderate symptomsswift changes in emotions

from high to low nausea difficulty sleeping including

insomnia rapid or increased heart rate cold or clammy skin change in eyes or pupils

(enlarged or dilated) excitability irritability vomiting

movements out of the ordinary

nervousness depression hand tremors pulsating headaches lack of focus and the

inability to think straight fatigue anxiety pale skin twitchy eyes nightmares.

Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

excessive irritability extreme anxiety increased depression visual hallucinations fever severe autonomic

nervous system over-activity

blackouts convulsions muscle tremors more extreme

changes in emotions and mood swings

seizures difficulty in thinking

clearly is increased

Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol79,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use each

year in the United StatesIn the single year 2005, there were more than 1.6

million hospitalizations3 and more than 4 million emergency room visits4 for alcohol-related conditions.

In 2009, 10,839 people were killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes, accounting for nearly one-third (32%) of all traffic-related deaths in the United States

Of the 181 child passengers ages 14 and younger who died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes in 2009, about half (92) were riding in the vehicle with the with the alcohol-impaired driver

Alcohol Facts

Prior to any drinking, designate a non-drinking driver when with a group.

Don’t let your friends drive impaired. Take their keys away.

If you have been drinking, get a ride home or call a taxi.

If you’re hosting a party where alcohol will be served, remind your guests to plan ahead and designate their sober driver; offer alcohol-free beverages; and make sure all guests leave with a sober driver.

What Safety Steps Can Individuals Take?