Smoking Ban Worldwide

8/8/2019 Smoking Ban Worldwide

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SMOKING BAN WORLDWIDESource: wikipedia

Albania

A law went into effect on 26 May 2007 banning smoking in closed public areas and outlawingthe advertisement of tobacco. The measure has been largely ineffectve and not enforced.

Andorra

No major restrictions. Smoking is only banned in government buildings, educational facilitiesand buses.

Argentina

A 2006 smoking ban in Buenos Aires city prohibits smoking in public areas including bars andrestaurants except if the bar is more than 100 m2 where it is possible to provide an area for

smoking customers. Similar bans in other Argentine cities require bigger establishments toprovide a separate, contained area for smoking customers. The rule is not nationwide.

Armenia

A law went into effect in March 2005 banning smoking in hospitals, cultural and educationalinstitutions and on public transportation. On 1 March 2006 new rules came into effect requiringall public and private institutions, including bars and restaurants, to allow smoking only inspecial secluded areas. Absence of any legal sanctions against those who violate the smokinglaws have made them completely ineffectual.[1]

AustraliaIn Australia smoking bans are determined on a state-by-state basis. In chronological order bystate:

South Australia: Smoking prohibited in all indoor dining areas since January 1999[2].Total enclosed public place smoking ban in force since November 2007

Western Australia: Incremental restrictions introduced from January 2005 with a totalban on smoking in all enclosed public spaces taking effect from July 2006[3]

Tasmania: Total indoor smoking ban in force since January 2006[citation needed]. FromJanuary 2008 the ban was extended to include smoking in cars with passengers underthe age of 18[4]

Queensland: Comprehensive ban in effect since July 2006. Smoking is prohibited in allpubs, clubs, restaurants and workplaces, commercial outdoor eating and drinking areas,outdoor public places, and within 4 metres of non-residential building entrances[citationneeded]

Australian Capital Territory: A ban on smoking in enclosed public places has been ineffect since December 2006[citation needed]

Victoria: : A ban on smoking in enclosed public places has been in effect since July2007[citation needed]


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New South Wales: A ban on smoking in all enclosed areas of restaurants, licensed clubsand pubs came into force in July 2007. From 1 July 2009, smoking in a car with a childunder the age of 16 is against the law. The Public Health (Tobacco) Act 2008 creates anew offence of smoking in a car with a child under 16 years of age in the vehicle. A $250on the spot fine applies to the driver and any passenger who breaks the law and this will

be enforced by NSW Police.[5]

Northern Territory: A ban on smoking in all enclosed areas of restaurants, licensed clubs

and pubs came into force in 2 January 2010.

Austria

Austria has implemented several laws which limit or outlaw smoking in certain areas: Smoking is prohibited in all offices with certain exceptions such as bars, discos,

restaurants etc. If all employees agree on allowing smoking in a work place, smokingmay continue.

Smoking was banned from all trains and train stations when Germany introduced such aban in 2007.

[6]

As of January 2009, a new law was put in place which mandates all restaurants, bars,

discos and pubs which are larger than 80m to introduce smoking rooms and non-smoking rooms. Below 50m the owner may opt to either be a smoking or non-smokingplace, between 50m and 80m there is an option under certain circumstances. The lawprovides for a very long transition phase.[7]

Bahrain

Bahrain outlawed smoking in public places on 27 February 2008.

Belgium 2005: Companies should have implemented smoking plans to discourage smoking. January 2006: Smoking prohibited in the work area. January 2007: Smoking banned in restaurants and bars, except in the ones that serve

"light meals" (e.g. cold meals, pizzas and warm meals that are served with bread insteadof french fries) and have less of 30% of their sales from food servings. Small bars arealso not included in the ban. Most large bars, such as concert venues, do little to enforcethe ban.

September 2008: Smoking no longer allowed in schools. January 2010: After a general smoking ban, including all types of bars had been

discussed, this has been watered down to a smoking ban applying only when food isserved.[8]

Bermuda

As of October 1, 2006, all enclosed workplaces in Bermuda are smoke-free, includingrestaurants, bars, private clubs and hotels.


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Bhutan

Following a resolution of the 87th session of the National Assembly on 17 December 2004, anational ban on the sale of tobacco and tobacco products went into effect, but importinglimited tobacco would still be permitted with very heavy taxes.[9] Smoking in all public places inBhutan became illegal on 22 February 2005. It thus became the first nation in the world to

outlaw this practice outright. However, there is little enforcement. Cigarettes are widelysmuggled, and bars in the Bhutanese capital Thimphu are usually smoky.The National Council[10] decided on 10 July 2009 to lift the ban on the sale of tobacco andtobacco products while discussing the tobacco control bill.The council, with a majority, agreed to delete the section C in chapter three of the bill, whichsays, No person shall sell tobacco and tobacco products. The council chairperson, NamgayPenjore, said that they discussed including a new clause to control the sale of tobacco andtobacco products through pricing.Council members said that the ban on the sale was ineffective and led to a black market. Somesaid tobacco was easily available anywhere, but at exorbitant prices because of the ineffective

ban.The idea is to make tobacco expensive by imposing higher taxes, said the chairperson. Thename of the bill is Tobacco control bill and not ban. The change (deleting the clause) wasto do away with the thriving black market, he said.Meanwhile, the council also suggested inserting another clause restricting the sale of tobaccoproducts to youth below 18 years. However, Namgay Penjore said the bill was still underdiscussion and not endorsed. The bill will be submitted to the National Assembly.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the nation has banned smoking in publicbuildings since 1 September 2007.

Brazil

In Brazil, smoking is forbidden in all enclosed public spaces, such as shopping malls andlibraries, except for specifically- designated smoking areas.[11] In restaurants there should be anon smoking section but in reality most restaurants end up having tables side by side, one fornon-smokers and another where smoking is allowed. Tobacco advertising is restricted toposters in shops.[12]So Paulo, the most important Latin American state in economic terms, became the first inBrazil to adopt the most comprehensive ban, being followed by Rio de Janeiro and MinasGerais.[13] . Under the new regulation there are no smoking sections in any place around the

state.The law became effective from August 7, 2009 with smoking forbidden in all indoor andenclosed public spaces such as bars and restaurants, clubs, shopping malls, movie theatres,banks, supermarkets, bakeries, chemist shops, health places, government offices and schools.Also it is no longer allowed on work and study places, libraries, buses, cabs, commercial andresidential common areas, hotels and inns[14].


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So Paulo government has graduated 500 specialised agents to make sure the rule is respectedat all times. The first team was trained to measure ambient smoke in an area and to warnsmokers about the risks for their health.Anybody violating the law is charged with a fine. Public sites can be punished with a maximumfine of R$ 1.585,00 (Brazilian currency, ~USD 800,00). If there is a second infraction the site is

closed. According to surveys, 88% of So Paulos inhabitants support the Smoke Free Law.

Canada

Smoking in indoor (and in some cases outdoors near these indoor settings, see below) publicspaces and workplaces (including restaurants, bars, and casinos) is banned, by all territories andprovinces, and by the federal government. As of 2010, legislation banning smoking within eachof these jurisdictions is mostly consistent, despite the separate development of legislation byeach jurisdiction. Notable variations between the jurisdictions include: whether or not, and inwhat circumstances ventilated smoking rooms are permitted; whether or not, and up to whatdistance away from a building is smoking banned outside of a building; and, whether or not

smoking is banned in private vehicles occupied by children.Note that some municipalities have bylaws restricting smoking further than the applicablelegislation.The federal government's smoking ban in workplaces and on common carriers applies only tothe federal government and to federally regulated businesses, such as airports. Smoking roomsare not permitted.By province (alphabetical):

Alberta banned smoking in public spaces and workplace, including within 5 metres ofdoors, windows, and intakes, on January 1, 2008.[15] A "shower curtain" (or "powerwall")law requiring shop owners to keep tobacco sales out of sight was implemented 1 July2008.[16] As of 1 January 2009, cigarette sales in Alberta have been banned in all storescontaining a pharmacy as well as post-secondary institutions.[17]

British Columbia banned smoking in all public spaces and workplaces including, as ofMarch 2008, within a 3 metre radius of doors, open windows and air intakes.[18]Additionally, all commercial displays of tobacco visible to people under the age of 19was banned in public areas under the same legislation. As of March 2008, ventilatedsmoking rooms are only permitted in nursing homes and care facilities. The smoking bandoes not apply to hotel rooms.

Manitoba banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces in October 2004. Speciallyventilated rooms are not allowed in bars and restaurants.[19]

New Brunswick banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces in October 2004.Ventilated smoking rooms are not permitted. Since 1 January 2009, tobacco productscannot be displayed prominently in stores. Since 1 January 2010. the ban was expandedto include vehicles with children under 16 present.

Newfoundland and Labrador banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces in 2005,under the province's Smoke-Free Environment Act. Ventilated smoking rooms arepermitted.[20]


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Nova Scotia: banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces on 1 December 2006.Ventilated smoking rooms are permitted in nursing homes and care facilities. Tobaccoproducts cannot be displayed prominently in stores.[21] On 1 April 2008, smoking in a carwith passengers under 19 inside became illegal.[22]

Ontario banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces in 2006.[21] In 2008, a ban onretail displays of tobacco was implemented. Since January 21, 2009, smoking is bannedin all vehicles if anyone under the age of 16 is present.

Prince Edward Island banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces in 2003.Ventilated smoking rooms are only allowed in long-term care facilities.

Quebec banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces on 31 May 2006.[21] Theprovince eliminated designated smoking rooms and retail tobacco displays on 31 May2008.

Saskatchewan banned smoking in public places on 1 January 2005 and banned smokingin workplaces on 31 May 2009. The province reinstated 'shower curtain law' (2005)requires shop owners to keep tobacco sales out of sight. There are fines of up to $10000 for violation of the Tobacco Control Act which bans smoking in all public areas,indoor and outdoor, including clubs for veterans.[21]

By territory (alphabetical): Northwest Territories banned smoking in public places and workplaces on 1 May

2004.[23] Nunavut banned smoking in public spaces and workplace, including within 3 metres of

entrances and exits to those buildings, on 1 May 2004.[24] Yukon banned smoking in public spaces and workplaces on 15 May 2008. It was the last

of the provinces and territories to implement a ban.

Chile

Chile bans smoking in schools, hospitals, government offices, shopping centres, supermarkets,pharmacies, airports, buses, subway networks and other indoor public places. Smoking inuniversities indoors is banned, however, smoking is allowed outdoors. Restaurants, with largeeateries (over 100 m) must have fully partitioned nonsmoking sections. Smaller restaurantscan choose between being smoke free or being for smokers. The same with cafes and pubs.Clubs, despite their size, are able to choose between being smoke free or being for smokers,however, in practice all clubs are "for smokers".[25]

China

Shanghai Municipality will expand smoking bans from hospitals to kindergartens, schools,

libraries and stadiums, effective March 1, 2010.[26]In Guangdong Province, the municipalities of Guangzhou and Jiangmen have banned smoking inpublic places, including restaurants, entertainment outlets, schools, supermarkets, andgovernmental offices on a trial run in 2007, however this is rarely policed.[27]

Colombia


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In summer 2009, Colombia has extended its existing tobacco control regulations by requiring allindoor work places and public places be immediately smoke-free; prohibiting tobaccoadvertising, promotions and sponsorship, and the use of terms such as light and mild onpackaging, requiring large, pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging (covering 30 per centof the front and back) within a year, preventing the sale of tobacco products to minors; and

mandating public education programs on the deadly effects of tobacco use.

Croatia

On 22 November 2008 the Croatian Parliament passed legislation [28] prohibiting smoking inpublic institutions such as hospitals, clinics, schools, nurseries and universities with infractionspunishable with up to 1000 kuna (140 euros). A notable exception in the Act are psychiatricwards in Croatia's hospitals. The ban went further in May 2009 since when smoking was in allenclosed public areas including bars, restaurants and cafes. The smoking ban applies to allpublic areas where non-smokers could suffer from secondhand smoking including open publicareas like sport stadiums, arenas, open air theatres, tram and bus stations etc.[29] It is estimated

that 30 percent of Croatias adult population are smokers.[30][31]

On September 10, 2009 the banon smoking in bars and cafes in Croatia was partially repealed, local media has reported.Proprietors with establishments that are up to 50 sq m that meet very strict conditions will nowbe able to choose whether to allow smoking. One of the conditions is a ventilation system thatis able to change indoor air at least 10 times per hour. Until March 2010 only 16 (out of 16 000)establishments in all of Croatia have met the conditions and have been permited to allowsmoking.[32] Larger establishments will have to include a designated and separately ventilatedsmoking area[33]

Cuba

Cuba has banned smoking in most work places, cigarette machines removed and it has beenillegal to sell tobacco products close to schools since February 2005.[34]

Cyprus

On July 9, 2009 Cyprus passed a new law, tightening up ineffective 2002 legislation, that willban smoking in bars, restaurants, nightclubs and workplaces effective January 1, 2010. [35] Sincethe introduction of the smoking ban on the 1st January 2010, compliance levels have been veryencouraging. Restaurant & bar owners however have complained that the introduction of thesmoking ban has led to a sharp drop in revenue.[36]

Czech RepublicCurrently, there is a law in force that bans smoking in all public places such as institutions,hospitals, bus stops and other public service stops, but not in restaurants, bars and clubs. Everyrestaurant must have a separated room for non-smokers.[citation needed] Not every has it and thereis very limited control in this matter. In June 2009 the parliament approved a bill regulatingsmoking in public places. The only change is that bars and restaurants where smoking is allowedshould have a sign posted.


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Denmark

Since 15 August 2007, smoking in hospitality facilities, restaurants, bars, clubs, public transport,and all private and public workplaces has been banned. Exemptions to the law are bars with afloor space less than 40 m and offices only used by a single employee. Separate smoking roomsare allowed in hospitality facilities as long as no food or beverage is served there. The law has

caused much controversy and is as of November 2007 not fully enforced. Freetown Christianiais exempt from the ban. The law is set for revision in 2009.[37]

Estonia

Smoking has been banned within indoor public areas and workplaces since 4 June 2005, exceptin restaurants. Later a ban on smoking in bars, restaurants, coffee shops and nightclubs startedon 5 June 2007 (however still allowed in isolated smoking rooms).

Faroe Islands

Smoking banned in all enclosed public spaces 1 July 2008.

Finland

Smoking has been banned in indoor public areas and workplaces from 1 March 1995, except inspecially designated smoking rooms; restaurants were included in 2007. Legislation aimedtowards voluntary prevention of secondary smoking was enacted, but it was not successful.Few establishments installed ventilation systems capable of eliminating secondhand smoke.Dividing a restaurant into a smoking and non-smoking section was also an ineffective measure.Thus, smoking has been banned in all indoor public and workplaces, including bars, cafes, clubsand restaurants from 1 June 2007, except in those places which have been permitted atransition period of up to two years. Smoking in bars and trains is still allowed in enclosed

smoking booths, where you can't serve or take any food or drink. Many smaller bars have notbeen able to build such smoking booths and patrons have to smoke outside. The bans arerespected by the general population.As of early 2010 Finland plans to phase out smoking completely.[citation needed]

France

France, on 1 February 2007, tightened the existing ban on smoking in public places found in the1991 vin law,[38] which contains a variety of measures against alcoholism and tobaccoconsumption. It is named after Claude vin, the minister who pushed for it. The law leavescertain important criteria on what is allowed or not with respect to smoking sections to

executive-issued regulations, and it is those regulations that were altered in 2007.Smoking is now banned in all public places (stations, museums, etc.); an exception exists forspecial smoking rooms fulfilling strict conditions, see below. However, a special exemption wasmade for cafs and restaurants, clubs, casinos, bars, etc. until 1 January 2008,[39] although theFrench government allowed a day of reflection on New Year's Day.[40] Opinion polls suggest 70%of people support the ban.[41] However, a recent story by Time Magazine suggests that smokersare now blatantly ignoring the smoking ban due to low enforcement.[42]


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Under the new regulations, smoking rooms are allowed, but are subjected to very strictconditions: they may occupy at most 20% of the total floor space of the establishment and theirsize may not be more than 35 m; they need to be equipped with separate ventilation whichreplaces the full volume of air ten times per hour; the air pressure of the smoking room mustconstantly be lower than the pressure in the contiguous rooms; they must have doors that

close automatically; no service can be provided in the smoking rooms; and cleaning andmaintenance personnel may enter the room only one hour after it was last used for smoking.Previously, under the former implementation rules of the 1991 vin law, restaurants, cafs etc.

just had to provide smoking and non-smoking sections, which in practice were often not wellseparated. In larger establishments, smoking and non-smoking sections could be separaterooms, but often they were just areas within the same room.A legal challenge against the new regulations was filed before the Conseil d'tat in 2007, butwas rejected.[43]

Germany

With some of Europe's highest smoking rates, Germany's patchwork of smoking bans continueto be contested.In Berlin, the non-smoking law came into effect on 1 January 2007. The Federal ConstitutionalCourt ruled on the legislation at the end of July, and decided that small bars (often called cornerbars) were at a disadvantage in the legislation, as they could not provide a separate smokingarea. The senate must now submit a new law by the end of 2009. In the transition period,smoking is permitted in bars under certain conditions (provided it is not larger than 75 squaremetres and has only one guest room). In addition, the bar may not serve meals (only snacks),may not allow minors to enter and must post a sign saying that the bar is for smokers. Inpractice, the smoking ban is generally observed in cafs, theatres and restaurants (where foodis served), but not in bars. Clubs and discos must, officially, have a separate smoking room, butas controllers do not work past 10pm, these laws are not enforced.[44]In August 2007, the states of Baden-Wrttemberg and Lower Saxony banned smoking inrestaurants, bars and clubs. In October 2007 Hesse also passed a law with similar regulations.Most of the other German states followed in January 2008, though many of these bans stillallow smoking in separate ventilated rooms.Certain states, North Rhine-Westphalia being one, were given a reprieve, and the imposition ofthe ban was extended to 1 July 2008. However since then, many bars are attempting to makethemselves smoking "clubs", whereby the members sign up, and are allowed to smoke.Whether this tactic will succeed long term remains to be seen.Bavaria pretended to have the strictest non-smoker rules, however there was a loophole

allowing for smoking in "private clubs" and the subsequent changing of thousands of bars into"private clubs" made the law ineffective. Nevertheless, discontent against the new rules wasblamed for the disappointing electoral results of the long-time leading party - CSU - in the 2008election. Using this pretext, new rules allowing for more smoking in bars and restaurants havebeen introduced. However, a call for a referendum by opposition parties and NGOs succeededin collecting the necessary signatures for launching the Bavarian referendum procedure. Thisprocedure consists of three steps: private collection of signatures in the streets (validated),


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official collection of signatures in townhalls (from 19 November 2009 to 2 December 2009) andeventually the referendum proper. The referendum calls for a smoking ban in all bars andrestaurants, without the previous loopholes.[45]After the 2009 election in the state of Saarland, the Green party became indispensable for bothpossible coalitions (either SPD-The Left-Greens or CDU-FDP-Greens). The Green party made a

ban in all bars and restaurants one the conditions for negotiations with any party andeventually the coalition treaty of the now governing CDU-FDP-Greens coalition stipulates thatthe smoking ban shall be extended to all bars an restaurants.In the city-state of Hamburg negotiations within the governing CDU-Greens coalition are stillgoing on.Smoking is banned on public transport, hospitals, airports and in public and federal buildings,including the parliament.In February, 2009, Der Spiegel reported that the smoking bans in bars are being very weaklycontrolled by the authorities, and in many places the ban is not observed at all.[46]

GreeceRoyal decree of 1856, introducing the first ban on smoking in modern Greece. Prohibition wasvalid only within state buildings and was grounded on the need to prevent accidents.Since older legislation was not very efficient a new, stricter law was passed. Effective from July1, 2009, this law bans smoking and consumption of tobacco products by other means, in allworking places, transportation stations, in taxis and passenger ships (in trains, buses andairplanes smoking is already prohibited), as well as in all enclosed public places includingrestaurants, night clubs etc.Small establishments (of entertainment) under 70 m2 - total - area will have the option to bedesignated as "smoking areas". In larger establishments, separate enclosed smoking rooms withspecial air conditioning can be created. Up to 30% of the area (or 40% for night clubs with livemusic) could be designated as a smoking area which would have to be separated with a doorfrom the rest of the establishment and have separate ventilation systems (at night clubs withlive music the smoking area still has to have a separate ventilation and air-conditioning system,but the separation from the non-smoking area can be achieved with a 2m high wall and aspecial "air-curtain" in order for the smoke not to pass to the non-smoking section.A special website (www.smokestop.gov.gr) and a telephone hotline for information as well ascitizens to report any violations of the new law (tel: 1142) along with an extensive mediacampaign have been created to promote the July 1st smoking ban in Greece.Despite the attempts to enforce the law in the first months since it became effective, as ofJanuary 2010, the lack of control by authorities and the vague language in the law render the

law virtually ineffective. Therefore, the new Minister for Health and Social Solidarity, MarilizaXenogiannakopoulou, has stated that the law is going to be re-examined, possibly forbiddingsmoking in all public places with no exceptions.[47]

Guatemala

Complete ban: Smoke-free legislation covering all types of places and institutions. Smoke-freein Health-care facilities and Governmental facilities[48]


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Guernsey

Smoking was banned in all public places in the British Crown dependency of Guernsey, includingworkplaces, bars, clubs and restaurants, on 2 July 2006, under the"Smoking (Prohibition inPublic Places and Workplaces) (Guernsey) Law 2005". Anyone who breaks the law, upon

conviction, could be fined up to the maximum of 1000 (~1090, ~$1370). Smoking is allowedanywhere outside and in whatever company.[49]AlderneyBritish Crown dependency of AlderneyThe only Channel Island located in the English ChannelPassed enabling legislation which became law in October 2009 and would allow swiftintroduction of a ban, but in the face of public demonstrations has shied away from doing so.The Island's Parliament debated the issue again on Jan 13th 2010 where they passed anenabling Ordinance to bring the Island in line with Guernsey and the UK starting in June 2010.In the meantime, smoking in indoor public places remains legal in Alderney and also on Sark.

Hong KongMain article: Smoking in Hong KongHong Kong has seen all public smoking banned from 1 January 2007 under the government'srevised Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance (Cap. 371), first enacted in 1982 with severalamendments subsequently. The latest amendment enlarges the smoking ban to include indoorworkplaces, most public places including restaurants, Internet cafs, public lavatories, beachesand most public parks. Some bars, karaoke parlors, saunas and nightclubs were exempt until 1July 2009. Smoking bans in lifts, public transport, cinemas, concert halls, airport terminal andescalators had been phased in between 1982 and 1997. The ban in shopping centres,department stores, supermarkets, banks, game arcades has been in place since July 1998.

An anomaly to the smoking ban are on cross-border trains between Hong Kong and MainlandChina as they are operated jointly between MTR Corporation and the Chinese Railways, ofwhom the latter allows smoking in the restaurant car and in the vestibules at the end of thecars, but not in the seating area.Any person who smokes or carries a lighted tobacco product in a statutory no smoking areacommits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a maximum fine of HK$5,000. Unlikemany other jurisdictions, Hong Kong does not place the onus on licensees of liquor licensedpremises to enforce smoking bans with subsequent loss of licence for non compliance. A newlaw, to enter into force in September 2009, provides for fixed-penalty arrangement (HK$1,500)for smoking, on a par with that for littering. At the same time smoking will be banned indesignated public transport interchanges, but the Government has yet to clarify how it will

enforce this against non Hong Kong ID card holders and tourists, since the offender has 21 daysafter the ticket issue to pay up.The overall daily smoking rate in Hong Kong is 11.8% (HK Department of Census and StatisticsHousehold Thematic Survey 36) with 25% of males smoking whereas in China 63% of malessmoke.The government has mentioned a full-ban of tobacco import and smoking is technically possiblein Hong Kong upon the release of the budget in 2009. However, as the decreasing daily smoking


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rate in recent years mainly due to increasing tobacco tax, the government currently has nofurther plans to control sales of tobacco other than by adjusting taxation.[citation needed]

Hungary

In 2009, a proposal to ban smoking in most public places including restaurants, bars, etc. was

placed on hold[50]

Iceland

Smoking and the use of other tobacco products is banned in most public spaces in Iceland. Thisincludes all enclosed spaces in common ownership, all public land intended for use by children,all public transport and all services; including restaurants, bars, clubs and cafs.[51]

India

A nationwide ban on smoking at the workplace and in restaurants, hotels, pubs, publictransport (buses, trains and metros), airports and railway stations, educational institutions,

cafes, theatres and other public places came into effect from 2 October 2008. Smoking in openareas like roads, parks etc. and inside one's home and car is however allowed. Smoking is alsopermitted in designated smoking areas in restaurants, bars and pubs. Though most bars, pubsand restaurants do not provide this facility. Anybody violating this law will be charged with afine of Rs 200(INR).[52] In 2007, Chandigarh became the first city in India to become 'smoke-free'. However despite there being some difficulties and apathy by the authorities [53] theSmoke-Free Chandigarh [54] ban has been a success story. Taking a cue from the Chandigarh'ssuccess, cities like Shimla are also now following the Smoke-Free Chandigarh model to becomesmoke-free.[55] The success of Chandigarh has been widely recognised and the architect ofsmoke-free Chandigarh Hemant Goswami.[56] was also awarded the Global Smoke-Free

Partnership Award for the initiative.[57]

The state of Kerala also had implemented a morerelaxed ban on public smoking earlier though it was never properly followed. However since thenationwide ban, it is being enforced more strictly.

Indonesia

In Jakarta's restaurants, hotels, office buildings, airports and public transport,and overall publicareas smoking is banned. Restaurants which want to allow smoking have to provide a separatesmoking space starting 4 February 2006.[58] Like many Asian nations, it remains to be seenwhether it can be enforced or not. Building separate facilities for smokers has only taken placein half of establishments by June 2007.[59]

Ireland

The Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to institute an outright ban onsmoking in workplaces on 29 March 2004. From that date onwards, under thePublic Health(Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictlyenforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks,taxis and vans - and within a three meter radius to the entrances of these locations. 3000 is


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the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time forviolators. The law does not apply to prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards and some hotelrooms. Stadia like Croke Park also ban smoking anywhere in the grounds.Before the total ban, smoking was already outlawed in public buildings, hospitals, schools,restaurant kitchens, and on aircrafts and some trains (Intercity trains provided smokers'

carriages) .[60]

Premises must display a sign to inform patrons of the ban (in Irish or English), and the contactperson for any complaints. A workplace can be fined 3,000 for each person that is foundsmoking (this means 15,000 for 5 people in violation). Smoking rooms are not allowed. Anyshelter's surface must have at least 50 per cent uncovered. There is also a Compliance Line setup by the Office of Tobacco Control, that people can call to report people smoking in aworkplace or retail outlets selling tobacco to under-18s.On 18 July 2008, Irish Fine Gael MEP Avril Doyle proposed in a committee in the EuropeanParliament, that she would like to see an EU-wide ban on cigarettes and cigars by 2025.[61]On 1 July 2009, Ireland banned in-store tobacco advertising and displays of tobacco products atretail outlets and new controls on tobacco vending machines (limiting them to being token-operated in registered bars and clubs only) were also introduced. At the same time a ban onthe sale of packets of 10 cigarettes was introduced. Tobacco advertising had already been fromradio, television and on billboards beforehand. The changes now mean that tobacco productsmust now be stored out of sight in closed containers behind the counter (accessible by retailstaff only) and customers can be shown a card showing all available brands in a pictorial list ifthey wish to purchase cigarettes. Signs must also be shown informing customers that tobacco issold at the premises. Ireland was the first country in the EU and third in the world (after Canadaand Iceland) to introduce such measures, which are punishable with a fine of 3,000 and/or asix month prison sentence. However, specialist tobacco shops (of which there are less than six)are exempt from the new rules; all retailers selling tobacco must register with the Health

Service Executive and the new laws will be enforced by environmental health officers.

Isle of Man

The Isle of Man was the last part of the British Isles to introduce a smoking ban, save for theCrown dependencies of Sark and Alderney where it remains legal, with a similar ban to the oneintroduced in England. The ban came into effect on 30 March 2008. A smoking ban in Alderneywas agreed by the States of Alderney on 12 January 2010 and will come in to place at 4am on 1June 2010.The smoking ban also saw Europe's first smoke-free prison.[62]

IsraelIn Israel it is forbidden to smoke in public closed places since 1983[63]. The law was amended in2007 so that owners are held accountable for smoking in premises under their responsibility.The ban includes cafs, restaurants discos, pubs and bars, and it is illegal for owners of suchplaces to put ashtrays anywhere inside closed spaces. Also, owners of public places must put"no smoking" signs and prevent visitors from smoking. They can also designate a well ventilatedand completely separate area for smokers, as long as the non smokers area does not fall below


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75% of the whole area. The fine for owners of public places is 10,000 (around US$2,800) andfor smokers - 5000. In spite of this, the smoking bans in Israel are not effective and smokingremains extremely prevalent in public places, especially bars and clubs.

Italy

Italy was the fourth country in the world to enact a nationwide smoking ban. Since January 10,2005 it is forbidden to smoke in all public indoor spaces, including bars, cafs, restaurants anddiscos. However, special smoking rooms are allowed. In such areas food can be served, but theyare subjected to strict conditions: they need to be separately ventilated, with high airreplacement rates; their air pressure must constantly be lower than the pressure in thesurrounding rooms; they must be equipped with automatic sliding doors to prevent smokefrom spreading to tobacco-free areas; they may occupy at most 50%of the establishment. Only1% of all public establishments have opted for setting up a smoking room.Surprisingly, the ban has become highly popular. It is strictly enforced and respected by thegeneral population.[citation needed]

Some of these restaurants and bars did find a loophole. It is indeed allowed to smoke outdoors,which means that since Italy has sunny weather more than half of the year, people can stillsmoke at restaurants and bars as long as they sit on the outside tables; And in winter, theestablishment simply covers the outside tables with plastic sheeting, so that, they are legallystill outdoors, even though they are technically indoors. and people can still smoke there, as ina separate designated smoking area.[citation needed]

Japan

Main article: Smoking in JapanAlthough there are no consistent nationwide smoking bans in Japan and all moves to introduce

such laws are strongly opposed by the powerful lobby groups, there are a growing number oflocal ordinances banning smoking. Smoking is forbidden on the streets of the Chiyoda,Shinagawa, Shinjuku and Nakano wards of Tokyo[64] for reasons of child safety (not health).Smoking is banned on most public transport and on many train station platforms, howeverenforcement mechanisms such as fines remain absent. Kanagawa Prefecture has implementedin April 2010 the nation's first prefecture-wide smoking ban, banning smoking in publicfacilities, including hospitals, schools and government offices. The ordinance requires largerestaurants and hotels to choose whether to become nonsmoking or create separate smokingareas, while mah-jongg and pachinko parlors, restaurants with floor space of up to 100 sq.meters and hotels of up to 700 sq. meters are merely required to "make efforts" to preventpassive smoking. Another Kanagawa ordinance last month to ban smoking at swimming

beaches expected to be implemented in May 2010.[65]. Although still relatively few, there is agrowing number of private businesses implementing smoking bans in restaurants, taxis,buildings and bars[66][dead link][67].

Jersey

Smoking is restricted in public places in Jersey (a British Crown dependency).


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The Restriction on Smoking (Jersey) Law 1973[68] enabled the States of Jersey to pass regulationsprohibiting or restricting smoking in places of entertainment and public transport. In pursuanceof this law, smoking was banned on public transport by theSmoking (Public Transport) (Jersey)Regulations 1982

[69].The Restriction on Smoking (Jersey) Law 1973 was amended by the Restriction on Smoking

(Amendment No. 2) (Jersey) Law 2006[70]

adopted 16 May 2006 which enabled the States tomake regulations to prohibit or restrict smoking tobacco or a substance (or a mixture ofsubstances) other than tobacco, or the use of tobacco, in a workplace or other defined places.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan partially banned smoking in public places on April 1, 2003.[71] A full ban wasinstituted in September 2009.[72]

Kenya

Smoking in public indoor areas is banned in Nairobi, Kenya since July 2007.[73] Small private bars

will be exempted. Mombasa already has a similar preexisting ban on smoking.

Lithuania

Smoking has been banned in restaurants, bars, places where food is served, clubs (except forspecial cigar and pipe clubs), and nightclubs since 1 January 2007. Furthermore, smoking onpublic transportation is forbidden except on long-distance trains with special facilities. The banis well respected, at least in the main cities.

Luxembourg

Smoking is banned in all indoor public places, like hospitals, shopping centres, schools and

restaurants. However, cafs and bars that only serve snacks are exempt from the law. There is asmoking prohibition from 12 noon to 14:00h and 19:00h to 21:00h in cafs in which meals areserved.

Macedonia

Macedonia has a strong national smoking ban in all public indoor areas, and in some cases inoutdoor areas. Smoking is banned in bars, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs starting January 1,2010.[74] Smoking is not banned only in people's homes, at open spaces and public areas free ofsporting competitions, cultural and entertainment events, gatherings and other publicevents.[75]

Madagascar

By official law, smoking is prohibited in taxi-brousses, but it is not enforced. The only placeswhere they banned smoking is at Antananarivo International Airport and on Air Madagascarflights.

Malta


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In April 2004, smoking was banned in all enclosed public spaces, including public transportation,clubs and restaurants although smoking areas are allowed.

Malaysia

In all, 19 areas are banned, including hospitals/clinics, public lifts and toilets, air-conditioned

restaurants, public transport, government premises, educational institutions, petrol stations,Internet cafes and shopping complexes. However, enforcement is an issue, and the governmentplans to get tougher on offenders.[76][77]

Mexico

Smoking in hospitals and airports has been banned for at least 15 years. Smoking is allowed indesignated areas at the Cancun Airport. Mexico City's current smoking policy, passed in April2004, requires physically separate smoking and non-smoking areas, and for non-smoking areasto make up at least 30% of all space in restaurants and bars.[78] A proposal debated early in

2007 to extend Mexico City's smoking policy into a complete ban for all restaurants, bars,schools, taxis, and buses, did not pass.[79]. It was proposed again in the middle of 2007.Since April 2008 the law has covered Mexico City, and since August 28, 2008 the law has beenextended nationwide.Advertisement of tobacco products has been banned from T.V. and radio for roughly 6 years.

Monaco

There has been a ban on smoking in Monaco since 1 November 2008, but does not extend tobars, restaurants and nightclubs.

MontenegroSmoking in public places is banned in Montenegro. The ban also forbids smoking advertisingand the display of people smoking on television.[80]

Morocco

Morocco's House of Representatives unanimously passed a bill banning smoking in publicplaces.

Mozambique

Since 2007, Smoking has been banned in indoor public places including public transport,

government buildings, schools, hospitals, libraries, cinemas, theatres, restaurants and bars,with the exception of specially designated Smoking rooms.[81][82]

Namibia

On October, 8th 2009, the Namibian National Assembly adopted the Tobacco Products ControlBill, one of the most comprehensive Smoking Bans in the World. The law, once in force will ban


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"the smoking of tobacco in a public place, any outdoor public place or any area within a certaindistance of a window, ventilation inlet, door or entrance".The bill has been voted into law on 16 February 2010[83][84]

Netherlands

Smoking of tobacco is prohibited by law in all public buildings and in public transport. As ofJanuary 1, 2004 every employee has the right to work in a smoke-free environment. Tobaccolegislation states that employers are obliged to take measures to ensure that employees areable to carry out their work without being bothered or affected by smoke from others. OnJanuary 1, 2008 Amsterdam Airport Schiphol became the first European airport with a totalsmoking ban, however since August 2008 it has been allowed in the designated smoking rooms.Since July 1, 2008 the smoking ban also applies to all hotels, restaurants, bars and cafes in theNetherlands. Separate smoking rooms are allowed in hospitality facilities as long as no food orbeverage is served there. All forms of tobacco advertising, promotion or sponsorship areprohibited. Smoking of cannabis (Marijuana and Hashish) in coffee-shops is permitted as long as

it is not mixed with tobacco.

New Zealand

The first building in the world to have a smoke-free policy was the Old Government Building inWellington, New Zealand in 1876. This was over concerns about the threat of fire, as it is thesecond largest wooden building in the world [85].New Zealand passed an amendment to the Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 law on 3December 2003 (effective in 2004) which covers all indoor public workplaces and insidehospitality venues (pubs, bars, restaurants and casinos). Studies have shown very high levels ofcompliance with the law. Also the air quality inside hospitality venues is very good compared to

similar settings in other countries where smoking is still permitted. In New Zealand, tobaccocannot be sold to anyone under 18.[86]Outdoor smoke-free laws cover the grounds of all schools, the grounds of some hospitals,stadiums and two university campuses (Massey University, and the University of Auckland, in2010). The government has not moved to restrict smoking in cars but has run mass mediacampaigns that promote smoke-free cars and homes.There are also increasing numbers of local councils implementing educative smokefree policies.South Taranaki District Council was the first. In May 2005 the Council made its playgrounds,parks and swimming pools smokefree, as well as ensuring that all Council events held in SouthTaranaki parks were to be promoted as smoke-free events. At least 20 of New Zealand's otherCouncils have followed suit. (Source: www.smokefreecouncils.org.nz).

On 5 September 2007, Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) New Zealand called for the removalof tobacco from sale by 2017.[87]From the start of the first semester of 2010, New Zealand's largest university, the University ofAuckland; banned smoking on any of its property including inside and outside of buildings inareas that were once designated smoking areas. The University sprawls through most ofSymonds Street and is the largest private complex in Auckland CBD.


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Niger

A decree banning smoking in public places in Niger was issued in September 2008. Fines rangefrom 5,000 to 1 million CFA francs, whilst there is also the possibility of a prison term.[88]

Nigeria

Smoking is prohibited in public places in Nigeria and is punishable by a fine of not less thanN200 and not exceeding N1000 or to imprisonment to a term of not less than one month andnot exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment.[89][90]

Norway

In Norway, smoking has been banned in public buildings and in private buildings that are opento the public (like restaurants, bars, cafes) since 1 June 2004.[91][92][93]

Paraguay

Effective April 2010, Paraguay has banned smoking in all indoor areas including bars andrestaurants.[94]

Pakistan

The Prohibition of Smoking and Protection of Non-Smokers Health Ordinance-2002 came intoeffect on June 30, 2003. The law had the following aspects: Ban on tobacco use in publicbuildings and transportation, Limiting tobacco advertising, banning tobacco sale within 50meters from educational institutions, and requiring no smoking signs displayed in publicplaces.

Peru

In Peru, it is nominally illegal to smoke in any public place (indoors), according to Law 28704.The ban is normally not enforced.

Philippines

Davao has banned smoking in a large number of public places, including public buildings,entertainment venues, hospitals, shopping malls, concerts since 2002. Smoking at gasolinestations is also banned.[95]Manila has banned smoking in large public areas like hospitals, malls, public transport, as wellas Makati in 2002 Ordinance 2002-090, banning all public transport and enclosed indoorsmoking.[96]

Poland

Smoking is banned in schools, hospitals or other medical facilities and public transport(including the vehicles such as train or bus and bus stops, train stations etc.)

Portugal


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On May 3, 2007, the Portuguese parliament made a law banning smoking in all public places,except when proper air-ventilation systems are provided. It went into effect January 1, 2008.Smokers who break the law face a fine of up to 1000 (~US$1300) and establishments thatbreak the law will face a fine of up to 2500 (~US$3400). The legal age to purchase tobacco is18.[97]

Puerto Rico

The Law Num. 40 from 1993, the Law to Regulate the Smoking Practice in Public Places, and itslater 1996 amendment Law 133, regulate smoking in private and public places. The most recentmodification established in [March 2, 2007], Law 66, amended articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 11 ofLaw Num. 40, forbids this practice inside jails, pubs, restaurants (including open-air terraceswith one or more employees), bars, casinos, workplaces, educational institutions, cars withchildren under age 13 and most public places. Smoking sections are not allowed. Fines start at$250.

QatarThe capital of Qatar, Doha banned smoking in public or closed areas in 2002. The lawdiscouraged shopkeepers from selling to under-aged people and completely banned tobaccoadvertisements in the country and punished violaters with hefty fines. However, the law isopenly flouted especially by the youth.[98]

Russia

Russia does not yet have a smoking ban in force, however there is some proposed legislation inthe Duma. The legislation, passed by the State Duma 406-0, bans smoking in workplaces, onaircraft, trains and municipal transport as well as in schools, hospitals, cultural institutions and

government buildings. It requires specially designated smoking areas to be set up and alsorequires restaurants and cafes to set up no-smoking areas. Russia's no smoking bill must gothrough two more readings in the Duma before being sent to the Federation Council forapproval and to President Dmitry Medvedev for his signature.[99]

Singapore

A sign in Singapore to indicate that smoking is allowedSmoking was banned in hawker centres, coffee-shops, cafes and fast-food outlets beginning 1July 2006. For establishments with an outdoor area, 10-20% of the area can be set aside forsmoking, although they would have to be clearly marked to avoid confusion. Gradually, the ban

has been extended to bus interchanges and shelters, public toilets and public swimmingcomplexes.[100]On 1 July 2007, the ban was extended to entertainment nightspots. The rule allows for theconstruction of designated smoking rooms which can take up to 10% of the total indoor space.On 1 January 2009, the ban was extended to all children's playgrounds, exercise areas, markets,underground and multi-storey carparks, ferry terminals and jetties. It was also extended to non-air conditioned areas in offices, factories, shops, shopping complexes and lift lobbies.[101]


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Smokers found flouting the rules are fined S$200 while the owners of the establishments arefined S$200 and S$500 for a subsequent offence.

Serbia

In Serbia, smoking is prohibited in some enclosed public spaces such as hospitals since 2005 but

the ban does not cover restaurants, bars, internet cafes, etc.

Slovenia

On 22 June 2007, the Slovenian National Assembly approved a law prohibiting smoking in allindoor public and work places, effective 5 August 2007. Exempted from the ban are "openpublic areas, special smoking hotel rooms, special smoking areas in elderly care centres and

jails, and special smoking chambers in bars and other work places. The smoking chambers,which will have to meet strict technical standards, will however not be allowed to occupy morethan 20% of an establishment."[102] The law also raised the minimum age to purchase tobaccoproducts from 15 to 18 and mandated that tobacco labels carry the telephone number of a

quit-smoking hotline.

South Africa

The South African Government passed the first Tobacco Products Control Act in 1993 andstarted implementing the act in 1995. The act regulated smoking in public areas and prohibitedtobacco sales to people under the age of 16. Some aspects of tobacco advertising was alsoregulated for example labelling.[103] The 1993 act was not considered to be comprehensiveenough and the Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act was passed in 1999. This act bans alladvertising and promotion of tobacco products, including sponsorship and free distribution oftobacco products. The act also restricts smoking in public places which includes the workplace,

restaurants and bars and public transport. The act also stipulates penalties for transgressors ofthe law, and specifies the maximum permissible levels of tar and nicotine. The regulations wereimplemented in 2001.[104]The government proposed further amendments to the bill in 2007 which will seek to deal withnew practices designed to circumvent the provisions of the Act. These amendments will alsoaim to bring the current law into compliance with the World Health Organization FrameworkConvention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). This framework has been ratified by the South Africangovernment.[105]The South African government is currently looking at increasing the minimum legal age forsmokers to 18.[106]

South Korea

South Korea considers introducing a comprehensive smoking ban in 2011.

Spain

As of 1 January 2006 Spanish law bans smoking in offices, shops, schools, hospitals, culturalcentres and on public transport, including stations and airports. The law also states that


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restaurants and bars over 100 m can designate a smoking area, but that it has to be physicallyseparated and may occupy at most 30% of the total floor space of the establishment.Establishments smaller than 100 sq.m. may choose whether to allow or to prohibit smoking(most have allowed it). Additionally, the law prohibits the sale of tobacco products to personsunder 18 years of age and limits the places in which tobacco can be sold.[107]

Months later, the Community of Madrid established an illegal decree which states thatrestaurants over 100 m are not required to make complete physical separation of the smokingand non-smoking areas. In January 2009, the High Court in Madrid overturned this decree [108]however the regional government presided by the conservative politician, Esperanza Aguirre,has not yet taken measures to enforce the law. According to the Spanish non-smoking party,'Partido de los No Fumadores (PNF)[109], the Madrid region has failed to implement asatisfactory regime of inspections and the vast majority of bars and restaurants flout the law.The PNF has so far reported more than 2.500 bars and restaurants for failing to comply with thelaw.[110] Three other autonomous communities established decrees decrees watering down thelaw, so that smoking areas are only required to be separated with ventilation systems.[111]SeeSpanish Antismoking Law.(Spanish)Since Spain is a somewhat decentralised country, a few autonomous communities, such asMadrid, Valencia, La Rioja, and Balearic Islands, have started an official but undeclared boycottof the Law, approved in the Spanish Parliament by unanimity. These communities are also usingthe courts to even make the law lighter, something impossible as the smoking ban law is aSpanish Basic Law that can't be modified by local or autonomous governments.A new, stricter law has been already announced by the government, during the Spanish EU-Presidency. Smoking will be banned in every indoor public places, including bars, clubs andrestaurants before the end of 2010.

Sweden

In Sweden, smoking was banned in restaurants, cafes, bars and nightclubs in June 2005.Smoking rooms are, however, allowed in these institutions. The smoking rooms contains a fewrestrictions; no serving or consumption of food or beverages are allowed in the smoking roomsand it may not cover more than 25% of the institution's total area. The ban was very popularamongst the population and even the industries affected.[112] In January 2008, The SwedishPrison and Probation Service banned smoking indoors in prisons.[113]

Switzerland

The Swiss Federal Assembly enacted a law for the protection against passive smoking in 2008,which came into force on 1 May 2010. It prohibits smoking in enclosed, publicly accessible

areas and in rooms that are workplaces for several persons. There are exceptions for bars andrestaurants, which may allow smoking in separate, ventilated rooms or in establishmentssmaller than 80 square meters, but the federal statute allows for more stringent cantonalsmoking bans.[114]Up until the ban came into force, each canton determined its own smoking laws. As of June2009, all cantons with the exception of Zurich, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Jura, Obwaldenand Schaffhausen have banned smoking in enclosed public areas (although restaurants are


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exempt in Lucerne and Nidwalden). The details of the restrictions vary somewhat, and inseveral cantons the bans will not enter into force until some time between 2009 and 2012. Theban in Geneva has come into force on October 31, 2009[115].

Syria

Smoking is banned inside cafes, restaurants and other public spaces by a presidential decreeissued on 12 October 2009 and came in to force on the 21st April 2010. Syria was the first Arabcountry to introduce such a ban. The decree also outlaws smoking in educational institutions,health centres, sports halls, cinemas and theatres and on public transport. The restrictionsinclude the nargile, or waterpipe. According to the official news agency SANA, fines for violatingthe ban range from 500 to 100,000 Syrian pounds (US$11 to $2,169).[116][117]A decree in 1996 banned tobacco advertising while a 2006 law outlawed smoking on publictransport and in some public places, introducing fines for offenders. Under-18s are not allowedto buy tobacco.[117]

TaiwanMain article: Smoking in TaiwanSmoking is regulated by the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (Taiwan), promulgated on July 11,2007.

Thailand

Indoor smoking ban effective in all indoor air conditioned establishments throughout Thailandsince November 2002, with entertainment areas exempted. Cigarettes have graphic picturessince 2005, and advertising is banned. Enforcement and compliance have been strong.On 10 January 2008, Thailand announced that smoking would be banned in restaurants, bars,

and open-air markets effective 10 February 2008. In addition to fines, those who fail to complymay be arrested. Most legal bars comply with these regulations, but in establishments thatoperate illegally or semi-legally the bans are mostly disregarded.

Turkey

Main article: Smoking in TurkeyTurkey currently bans smoking in government offices, workplaces, bars, restaurants, cafes,shopping malls, schools, hospitals, and all forms of public transport, including trains, taxis andferries.[118] Turkey's smoking ban includes provisions for violators, where anyone caughtsmoking in a designated smoke-free area faces a fine of 69 liras (~32/$45/28) and bar owners

who fail to enforce the ban could be fined from 560 liras for a first offence up to 5,600 liras.

[118]

Smoking was first banned in 1997 in public buildings with more than four workers, as well asplanes and public buses.[119]On 3 January 2008, Turkey passed a law banning smoking in all indoor spaces including bars,cafs and restaurants. It also bans smoking in sports stadia, and the gardens of mosques andhospitals. The smoking ban came into force on 19 May 2008; however, bars, restaurants andcafes were exempted until mid-July 2009. On 19 July 2009, Turkey extended the indoor publicsmoking ban to include bars, restaurants, village coffeehouses and nargile (hookah) bars.[120]


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Uganda

In March 2004, smoking was banned in public places, including workplaces, and restaurant &bars. An extension to private homes is being considered.

United Arab Emirates

Emirates in the United Arab Emirates recently started banning smoking in shopping malls andpublic places. States leading the ban on smoking include Abu Dhabi [121] , Ajman [122] , Dubai [123]and Sharjah [124].

United Kingdom

Smoking bans were introduced in each country of the United Kingdom separately as decided bythe devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and the UK Parliamentacting for England. Since 1 July 2007 smoking bans have been in effect across the whole of theUK. For details, see (in chronological order of bans): Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and

England.

England

Main articles: Smoking ban in England and Health Act 2006Smoking became banned in indoor public places in England, including workplaces, bars, clubsand restaurants, since 1 July 2007. Some places, such as certain smoking hotel rooms, nursinghomes, prisons, submarines, offshore oil rigs, and stages/television sets (if needed for theperformance) are excluded. Palaces were also excluded,[125] although members of the House ofCommons and the House of Lords agreed to ban all smoking in the Palace of Westminster.[126]The on-the-spot fine for smoking in a workplace is 50 (~70/~$100), 30 (~45/~$60) if one

pays within 15 days, while a business that allows it can be fined 2,500 (~3,700/~$5,000).Smoking will be allowed to continue anywhere outdoors.[127] However, a confidentialgovernment briefing obtained by The Independent on Sunday newspaper reveals thatprovisions are in place for extending the ban to outdoor areas.[128]

Northern Ireland

In Northern Ireland, a smoking ban has been in effect since 30 April 2007. It is illegal to smokein all enclosed workplaces. This includes bars, restaurants, offices (even if the smoker is theonly person in the office) and public buildings. Like Scotland, the smoking ban is morecomprehensive in that places, such as phone boxes and enclosed bus/train shelters areincluded. The on-the-spot fine for smoking in a workplace is 50 (~70/~$100), while a businessthat allows it can be fined 2,500 (~3,700/~$5,000).A 200 fine may be levied by local councils if businesses fail to show signs. An opinion pollshowed that 91% of people supported the ban.[129][130]

Scotland

Main article: Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005


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On 26 March 2006, Scotland prohibited smoking in enclosed (more than 50% covered) publicplaces, which includes public buildings, workplaces, sports stadiums, bars and restaurants.Exemptions are in place to allow hotel guests to smoke in their own rooms, as long as the hotelhas designated them as smoking rooms. The law also bans smoking in bus shelters, phoneboxes or other shelters that are more than 50% enclosed. It also prohibits smoking in trucks and

vans which are owned by a company whether or not the driver is the only person inside.Businesses covered by the smoking ban must display a statutory smoking sign at the entranceto, and around the building [131] as well as a Smoke-Free policy. Opinion Polls at its introductionshowed a clear majority of the Scottish public were in favour of the ban[132]As in New Zealand, the ban was initially criticised by certain interested groups (e.g. publicans,cafe and bingo hall owners etc.) who feared that it would adversely impact their businesses. Asurvey published by the Scottish Beer & Pubs Association one year on from the ban concludedthat "the number of pub licensed premises in Scotland has remained more or less constant overthe last year"[133] indicating fears of an adverse impact of the ban on the hospitality industrywere unfounded. Widespread concerns prior to the ban about its impact on Bingo Halls[134]prove harder to objectively assess: As at May 2008 there is anecdotal evidence[135] to suggestan increase in closures of Bingo Halls since implementation of the ban. However no statisticalanalysis has been conducted and speculation within the betting and gaming industry is that adecline could also be the result of demographic changes and increases in online gaming[136].The NHS Scotland Quit Smoking Line reported it received an additional 50,000 calls from peoplewishing to give up in the six months after the ban was introduced.[137]. In September 2007 astudy of nine Scottish hospitals over the 12 months following the ban reported positively on itsimpact on the country's health, including a 17% drop in admissions for heart attacks, comparedwith average reductions of 3% per year for the previous decade [138].

Wales

Main article: Health Act 2006Smoking was banned across all enclosed public premises and work premises in Wales on 2 April2007. Adherence is widespread and public houses report increases in takings since the bancame into place.[139] However, six months after the ban's implementation, the LicensedVictuallers Association (LVA), which represents pub operators across Wales, claims that pubshave lost up to 20% of their trade. The LVA says some businesses are on the brink of closure,others have already closed down, and there is little optimism that trade will eventually returnto pre-ban levels.[140]Public places must display a special bilingual no smoking sign:

"Mae ysmygu yn y fangre hon yn erbyn y gyfraith" (Welsh)

"It is against the law to smoke in these premises" (English)

United Nations

As United Nations buildings are not the subject of any national jurisdiction, the United Nationshas its own smoking and non-smoking policies. Following the gradual introduction of partialsmoking bans between 1985 and 2003, Secretary-General Kofi Annan introduced in 2003 a total


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ban on smoking at United Nations Headquarters.[141] Similar bans have not been introduced infield offices of the United Nations worldwide.Some specialized agencies of the United Nations, such as the United Nations Children's Fundand the World Health Organization have their own strict smoking bans which apply to theiroffices worldwide, but the same is not necessarily true for entities of the Secretariat, such as

the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Only on 13 December 2007, OCHA introduced a smoking banapplicable to all its field offices.

United States

In the United States, Congress has not attempted to enact any nationwide federal smoking ban.Therefore, the United States allows the voters of each state to decide for themselves ratherthan having it forced upon them. As a result, the existence and aggressiveness of smoking bansvaries widely throughout the United States, ranging from total smoking bans (even outdoors),to no regulation of smoking at all. Jurisdictions in the West Coast and the Atlantic Northeast

tend to have the earliest and most prohibitive smoking bans, whereas those in the South andMidwest tend to have the least restrictive smoking bans, or no statewide smoking bans at all.According to Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, as of October 2009 71% of the U.S. populationlives under a ban on smoking in "workplaces, and/or restaurants, and/or bars, by either a state,commonwealth, or local law,"[142] though only 41.2% live under bans in all workplaces andrestaurants and bars.[143]As of March 2010, 26 states have enacted smoking bans in all general workplaces and publicplaces, including bars and restaurants (though many of these exempt tobacconists, cigar bars,casinos, and/or private clubs). Seven have enacted smoking bans that exclude all adult venuessuch as bars (and casinos where applicable). Georgia, Idaho, New Hampshire, North Carolina,South Dakota, and Virginia have particularized state laws banning smoking in specific places butleaving out all others. The remaining 11 states have no statewide smoking ban at all, thoughmany cities and/or counties in most of those states have enacted local smoking bans to varyingdegrees (though Oklahoma prohibits local governments from passing smoking laws at all).As for U.S. jurisdictions that are not states, smoking is banned in all public places (including barsand restaurants) in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Guam prohibits smoking inrestaurants, but the ban doesn't extend to workplaces or any other businesses. AmericanSamoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands have no smokingbans.

Uruguay

Main article: Smoking in UruguayIn March 2006, it became illegal in Uruguay to smoke in enclosed public spaces. Now bars,restaurants or offices where people are caught smoking face fines of more than $1,100 or athree-day closure. This makes Uruguay the first country in South America to ban smoking inenclosed public spaces.[144]Anti-smoking groups estimate that as many as a third of Uruguay's 3.4 million people smoke.President Tabar Vzquez, a practicing oncologist, has cited reports suggesting about seven


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people die each day in Uruguay (an estimated 5,000 people a year) from smoking-relatedcauses including lung cancer, emphysema and other illnesses.[145]

Vatican City

On July 1, 2002 a law signed by Pope John Paul II became effective which banned smoking on all

places accessible to the public and in all closed places of work within the Vatican City and withinall extraterritorial properties of the Holy See. Smoking bans in museums, libraries and churcheson Vatican territory were already in force before that date for a long time. [146]

Vietnam

The Vietnamese government has banned smoking and cigarette sales in offices, productionfacilities, schools, hospitals, and on public transport nationwide [147] Smoking was banned inenclosed indoor spaces and public facilities in Ho Chi Minh City in 2005 with the exception ofentertainment areas.A ban has also been imposed on all forms of advertisement, trade promotion, and sponsorship

by tobacco companies, as well as cigarette sales through vending machines, or over thetelephone and on the Internet.

Zambia

Smoking is prohibited in public places in Zambia and is punishable by a fine of K400,000 orimprisonment of up to two years.[148][149]

Smoking Ban Worldwide

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