SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an...

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SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004

Transcript of SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an...

Page 1: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

SMEX04 WorkshopTucson Feb. 11-12, 2004

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Page 2: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Workshop Objectives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and products

• Identify and engage additional complimentary projects• Understand the local realities that impact the idealized

experiment design• Design the insitu, regional and watershed scale

sampling• Select a soil moisture sampling technique• Resolve some logistics issues through a visit to the

Walnut Gulch Watershed

Page 3: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Workshop Agenda Wednesday Feb. 11

8:30 am Intros (Jackson, Moran, Lobl)8:45 am Overview of NAME (Gochis, Emmanuel)9:15 am Overview of SMEX04 (Jackson+)10:00 am Insitu Networks and Study Regions Walnut Gulch (Moran+) Sonora (Watts+)11:00 pm Aircraft and Instruments P-3 (Easmunt) PSR (Gasiewski) 2DSTAR (LeVine)12:00 pm Lunch (Onsite)12:45 am AMSR and other Satellite Products AMSR (Njoku) TMI (Gao)1:45 pm Data Resources and Archival NSIDC DAAC (Marquis) JOSS (Williams)2:15 pm Complimentary Research Activities LDAS in Tier 1 (Lettenmaier) Lower Atmosphere Observations During SMEX04 (Barros) Remote Sensing and Tower Flux Studies (Kustas, Anderson) Opportune Landing Site Soil Moisture and Soil Strength Assessment (Ryerson) Predicting Microbially Mediated Processes in Surface Soil (Reynolds) INIFAP (Lopez+) SWRC+ (Goodrich) NAME Supplemental Raingage Network (Shuttleworth) Vegetation water content with MODIS and AVIRIS (Hunt) 

Page 4: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Workshop Agenda Thursday Feb. 12

8:15 Field Campaign Planning Regional sampling; strategy, site selection, schedule, logistics Sites for complimentary studies Soil moisture sampling method Flightlines Project integration Telecon scheduling11:00 Trip to Tombstone WG Site Visit HQ, hotel locations, SCAN, Lucky Hills and Kendall

Page 5: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

SMEX04: Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Field

Experiment in the Context of the North American Monsoon

Experiment (NAME)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Page 6: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

• What SMEX04 can do for NAME• How SMEX04 benefits the supporting programs

(THP, AMSR-E, GWEC, ….)• SMEX elements• SMEX04 implementation• Detailed description of SMEX04 elements• Additional studies• Planning

Page 7: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• A major science question involving soil moisture

One of the main objectives of NAME is to improve prediction of warm season precipitation. Warm season precipitation is highly dependent on convection which, in turn, is controlled, at least in part, by soil moisture and surface temperature. Therefore, an accurate characterization of spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture is critical to NAME. 

Page 8: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• A major science question involving soil moisture

• Challenge the soil moisture remote sensing community to provide useful and timely products

• Success could broaden support

Page 9: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

• What SMEX04 can do for NAME• How SMEX04 benefits the supporting programs

(THP, AMSR-E, GWEC, ….)• SMEX elements• SMEX04 implementation• Detailed description of SMEX04 elements• Additional studies• Planning

Page 10: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

What SMEX04 can do for NAME

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• Over much of the NAME region soil moisture observations are sparse: new stations will be added and available resources enhanced

• Remote sensing provides an alternative means of observing spatial and temporal variations in surface wetness over the region

• Frequent derived estimates of soil moisture over much of the NAME region should be made possible through recently launched satellite microwave sensors, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) both on Aqua as well as the TRMM Microwave Imager

Page 11: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Examples of Aircraft and Satellite Soil Moisture Products

• Aircraft based Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) from SMEX02. Uses the same C band channel as AMSR. Spatial resolution of 2 km.

• Satellite based TRMM Microwave Imager brightness temperature images for a sequence of days over the Tier 1 region.

Page 12: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

June 25 June 27 June 29 Ju ly 1 Ju ly 4

Ju ly 8 Ju ly 9 Ju ly 10 Ju ly 11 Ju ly 12

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SMEX02 (Iowa) Soil moisture Products from the Aircraft Based PSR

Easting (m)

Nor

thin

g (m

)

Soil moisture (%)

Page 13: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

230 240 250 260 270 280 290

Brightness Temperature (K)

-115 -10520

35

-115 -105 -115 -105 -115 -105Longitude (Degrees)

Lat

itude

(D

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July 15, 2002

(23:46 UTC)

July 17, 2002

(05:23 UTC)

July 17, 2002

(23:33 UTC)

July 18, 2002

(22:37 UTC)

230 240 250 260 270 280 290

Brightness Temperature (K)

-115 -10520

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-115 -105 -115 -105 -115 -105Longitude (Degrees)

Lat

itude

(D

egre

es)

July 15, 2002

(23:46 UTC)

July 17, 2002

(05:23 UTC)

July 17, 2002

(23:33 UTC)

July 18, 2002

(22:37 UTC)

TMI Brightness Temperature Images of NAME Region(10.7 GHz H)

Page 14: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

• What SMEX04 can do for NAME• How SMEX04 benefits the supporting programs (THP,

AMSR-E, GWEC, ….)• SMEX elements• SMEX04 implementation• Detailed description of SMEX04 elements• Additional studies• Planning

Page 15: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

How SMEX Benefits the Supporting Programs

• Field experiments have been very successful at addressing a broad range of science questions in terrestrial hydrology

• The data have been used in studies that went well beyond the algorithm research

• Priorities set by support program science: AMSR, GWEC, THP• Elements of the experiment are validation of AMSR brightness

temperature and soil moisture retrievals, extension of instrument observations and algorithms to more challenging vegetation and other surface conditions, integration of land surface and boundary layer measurements, and the evaluation of new instrument technologies for soil moisture remote sensing.

Page 16: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

How SMEX04 Benefits the Supporting Programs By Addressing Priorities

• Development and validation of retrieval algorithms in regions with moderate to significant topographic variation

• Validation of soil moisture products from the Aqua AMSR instrument• Establishing long-term in-situ soil moisture validation sites for satellite based

retrievals• Evaluation of new sensor technologies and algorithms for soil moisture and

support of future missions (HYDROS, SMOS)• Understanding the feedback mechanisms of surface soil moisture on weather

and climate• Development of methods to assimilate surface soil moisture observations in

models and exploring applications

Page 17: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

• What SMEX04 can do for NAME• How SMEX04 benefits the supporting programs

(THP, AMSR-E, GWEC, ….)• SMEX elements• SMEX04 implementation• Detailed description of SMEX04 elements• Additional studies• Planning

Page 18: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Arizona

Walnut Gulch Region

Mexico

Sonora Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Arizona

Walnut Gulch Region

Mexico

Sonora Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Regional study areas

50 by 75 km linked to Ease-grid 25 km cells

Page 19: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Regional study areas

50 by 75 km linked to Ease-grid 25 km cells

Page 20: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Arizona

Walnut Gulch Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Arizona

Walnut Gulch Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Shrub Dominated

Grass Dominated

Page 21: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Walnut Gulch Regional Study Area

(WG)

Red markers are the corners of the 25 km Ease Grid cells

Page 22: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Mexico

Sonora Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Mexico

Sonora Region

Landsat 5

June 8, 1997

Page 23: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Mexico Regional Study Area (MX)

Red markers are the corners of the 25 km Ease Grid cells

Page 24: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 Elements

• In-situ soil moisture networks

• Aircraft and satellite mapping

• Intensive sampling concurrent with aircraft mission

• Complimentary projects

Page 25: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 Elements: In-situ soil moisture networks

• Modeled after current AMSR Cal/Val project 12 or more long term in-situ sites

• All sites have 5 cm soil moisture and temperature (Vitel Hydraprobe) and precipitation

• Existing Walnut Gulch network and other projects in AZ region (SCAN, SALSA, ..)

• Establish a network in the SO region

Page 26: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Standard SCAN SiteConfiguration

• Precipitation

• Air temperature

• Relative humidity

• Wind speed and direction

• Solar radiation

• Barometric pressure

• Snow water content and depth

• Soil moisture and temperature

Vitel Hydraprobe

Page 27: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

AZ Insitu Soil Moisture Sites

Page 28: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.
Page 29: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Sonora (SO) Soil Moisture/Precipitation Network Sites

Page 30: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 Elements: Aircraft mapping

• NASA P-3B• PSR-CX, 2DSTAR, and GPS• July 12 – August 12, 2004• Mission

o 15 flight dates, 5 hours per dayo Daily sequence for drydowno Walnut Gulch and Mexico sites (50 by 75 km)o 4 flightlines per site

• Other?

Page 31: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

NASA P-3B SMEX03 Alabama

Aircraft provide a critical link between points and satellite footprints

Page 32: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX03 NASA P-3 Flightlines

Tucson Airports

Page 33: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 Elements: Satellite Products

• Satellite sensors• AMSR-E, Coriolis, TMI, SSM/I, Envisat,…

• EASE-grid 25 km• Available over an extended period

Page 34: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 Elements: Intensive sampling concurrent with aircraft mission

• Design based upon model used in previous campaigns modified by local considerations and interests of participants

• Calibration of networks• Fills in the spatial domain• Two independent teams for AZ and SO• Plan: science based design, logistics, access, leadership

and organization, techniques, facilities

Page 35: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Question 14

Field Experiment Sampling Strategy Experiment sites ~60 x 100 km to cover multiple satellite footprints (10 km and 40 km) and diverse

environments

Intensive sampling, short time duration

Aircraft radiometer flights to scale from in-situ to satellite footprint and evaluate effects of surface heterogeneity

Continued studies of spatial/temporal soil moisture dynamics and effects of vegetation, topography and soil texture on soil moisture retrieval

Page 36: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Sampling Scheme

0 ¼ ½ - row

Theta Probe (TP) Sampling Points

¼Gravimetrically-based

Volumetric Soil Moisture (GVSM)

Sampling Point

SMEX02 Regional Study Area

Regional Sampling Strategy in SMEX02

Page 37: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 AZ Regional Sampling?

Page 38: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

SMEX04 SO Regional Sampling?

Page 39: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

• NAME objectives and why Terrestrial Hydrology should be interested

• What SMEX04 can do for NAME• How SMEX04 benefits the supporting programs

(THP, AMSR-E, GWEC, ….)• SMEX elements and SMEX04 overview• Detailed description of SMEX04 elements• Additional studies• Planning

Page 40: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Workshop Action Items

• Regional study areas finalized

• Insitu networks installed and operating

• Selection of sites for intensive regional sampling

• Secure access to sites

• Choose a soil moisture sampling method

• Identify and integrate complimentary projects

• Develop a vegetation mapping protocol

• Define teams, identify priorities, schedule telecons

Page 41: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Regional study areas finalized• Arizona Issues

– Local interest in shifting box west

– Airspace issues suggest shifting east

– Are the EASEgrids that important?

– Adding a flightline on the west?

– Most likely…we’ll stick w/ the initial concept

– Final decision: The box impacts the intensive sampling design, which we need to start ASAP-March 15?

Page 42: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Regional study areas finalized• Sonora Issues

– The only concern at this point is road access

– Shifting west is out of the question

– Are the EASEgrids that important?

– Most likely…we’ll stick w/ the initial concept

– Final decision: TODAY (this impacts the network design!)

Page 43: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Insitu networks installed and operating

• Arizona Issues– Walnut Gulch is ready

– Make sure all projects (in particular flux towers) include a 5 cm Vitel probe

– Are there any other locations in the region where we might add the Vitels??

– Final decision for additional Vitels by March 15

Page 44: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Insitu networks installed and operating

• Sonora Issues– Draft plan developed and equipment delivered

– Network should be installed and operating by May 1

– Approve design or specify changes by: TODAY

– Provide a team list and procedures for data collection and reporting

– The network impacts the field campaign design. It should be completed as soon as possible so we can focus on the field campaign issues.

Page 45: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Selection of sites for intensive regional sampling

• Arizona Issues– Number of sites (iterative w/ design and human

resources)– Permissions– Vehicle access– Will there be more intensive sampling in the

watershed (such as raingage sites)?– Final decision: Airspace issues may impact this.

Proceed with current box. Selections by April 1, permissions by May 15?

Page 46: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Selection of sites for intensive regional sampling

• Sonora Issues– Number of sites (iterative w/ design and human

resources)

– Human resources??? Vehicles???

– Site access considerations

– Must include insitu sites

– Consider transects

– Final decision: Selections by April 1, permissions by May 15?

Page 47: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Team Issues: AZ• Leadership and infrastructure

– Site PI: TK

– Insitu network: TK

– Regional sampling: site access (TK), sampling team management (HRSL), sampling tools (HRSL), data processing (HRSL)

– Vegetation: TBD

• Field campaign participants– List of potential people

– Costs

– Resource plan by April 1

Page 48: SMEX04 Workshop Tucson Feb. 11-12, 2004. Workshop Objectives Provide potential participants with an overview of the primary experiment goals, needs, and.

Team Issues: SO• Leadership and infrastructure

– Site PI: CW

– Insitu network:

– Regional sampling: site access ( ), sampling team management ( ), sampling tools ( ), data processing ( )

– Vegetation:

• Field campaign participants– List of potential people

– Costs

– Resource plan by April 1