BENEFITTINGFROM GREEN IT

– FINDINGS FROM THESUSTEIT PROJECT

Professor Peter Jameswww.susteit.org.uk

THE CASE FOR CHANGE• Sticks

- Energy and other costs- Regulations

• Carrots- financial and operational benefits- teaching and research

• Reputation

• Stakeholder requirements

ICT BENEFITS – SMART 2020• Environmental

- Cut global CO2 emissions in 2020 by 15%, with $946 billion of cost savings- Avoid c 5 tonnes of CO2 emissions through applications for every tonne created by production, use & disposal of equipment

• Social- e.g. access; overcoming disability

4

AVE MARIA UNIVERSITY

IntrusionDetection

Fire AlarmSystemPower System

ElevatorMgmt.

LightingControls

HVACControl

EvacuationManagement

SecurityUsers

BuildingMaintenance Users

Access Control(security system)

CampusSecurity

ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT

• Downloadable tool – www.susteit.org.uk

• Default assumptions … or your own data

• University of Sheffield- 19% of non-domestic electricity- £1 million + bills in 2009- PCs higher than expected- Data centres/networks lower than expected

FOOTPRINTING RESULTSUniversity of Sheffield

University of Sheffield (ex HPC)

Lowestoft College

City College Norwich

Total Electricity (kWh)

8,680,806 (100%) 7,472,188 (100%) 453,714 (100%) 1,241,700 (100%)

PCs and monitors

4,164,477 (48%) 4,164,477 (56%) 197,402 (44%) 510,896 (41%)

Servers 1,520,736 (18%) 1,520,736 (20%) 135,999 (30%) 226,665 (18%)

HPC 1,208,617 (14%) 0 0 0

Imaging 835,659 (10%) 835,659 (11%) 42,171 (9%) 236,901 (19%)

Networks 687,362 (8%) 687,362 (9%) 68,538 (15%) 156,629 (13%)

AV/Telephony 3% 4% 3% 8%

A LARGE ICT FOOTPRINT

• 2% of global CO2 emissions

• ICT in UK FE 2008- 708,000 PCs- 23,000 servers- 98,000 networked printers- £54m electricity bill- £12 per student- 244,000t of carbon dioxide

325,000 Coal-Powered Computers

A LARGE FOOTPRINT

Materials

Manufacture

Transport

UseDisposal

KEY LIFE CYCLE QUESTIONS• Can we ever get a complete picture?

- HP 1.5 million tonnes CO2 eq direct- 4.5 million tonnes from Tier 1 suppliers

• What balance of impacts across the life cycle? e.g. production:use energy - Williams/UN University 4:1- EU Commission study 1:4

• How can we influence upstream impacts?

DATA CENTRE END USE

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversions

& Distribution100

Units

33 UnitsDelivered

35 Units

Source: US EPA

CARDIFF UNIVERSITY

• Low power servers

• Chilled water cooling

• Efficient layout

• Efficient UPS

• 30% support overhead

ACTION PLAN - MANAGEMENT• Calculate energy consumption

- formulate action plan and targets

• Set up a cross-functional team

• Calculate total cost of ownership- energy prices; refresh cycles; support costs

• Energy-related financial incentives for IT- paying energy bills for server rooms?

ACTION PLAN - DESKTOP• Power down computers when not in use

- network software; PC settings

• Ensure all non-managed computers are powered down when not in use

• Make 5 year refresh cycles the norm- justify exceptions by evidence and sign off

• Specify Energy Star 4 (soon 5) for all purchases

• Dispose of old equipment responsibly

ACTION PLAN - PRINTING• Audit paper consumption

- set targets- measure/monitor consumption

• Power down printers outside office hours

• Encourage paper-efficient printing- draft mode- double sided

ACTION PLAN - INFRASTRUCTURE• Follow the EU Code of Conduct for all

significant data centre investment

• Take simple measures to minimise cold/air mixing in server rooms- e.g. containment; blanking plates

• Consolidate servers- switch off unused ones

MEDIUM TERM MEASURES• Metering/monitoring key areas of consumption

• Full implementation of EU Code of Conduct- power supply; virtualisation; free cooling

• Maximum use of thin client where effective

• Effective document and print management

• Minimising storage

• Increasing videoconferencing

• Flexible working

QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY

• Wanted greenest building in UK

• PCs main barrier

• 98% thin client

• 25-30% space savings

THE FUTURE• Less energy and material intensive desktops

- cloud computing- medium client- e-readers and ‘total content’

• Zero carbon data centres

• Pay as you go computing

• Intelligent campus- from computer to building maintenance?

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversion & Distribution

AlternativeEnergy Supply

High voltage distributionUse of DC powerHighly efficient UPS systemsEfficient redundancy strategies

Power efficiency & managementLoad managementConsolidation/Virtualisation

Better air managementFree/efficient coolingEfficient liquid coolingFlexibility and control

On-site renewablesWaste heat for coolingFuel cellsThermal storage

ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESAdapted from US EPA original