Smart Rural Grid · 2015-06-13 · Smart_Rural_Grid FP7 project – Grant agreement nº. 619610...

Smart_Rural_Grid FP7 project – Grant agreement nº. 619610

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 619610.

Smart_Rural_Grid

"Smart ICT-enabled Rural Grid innovating resilient electricity distribution

infrastructures, services and business models"

Deliverable nº: D2.4

Deliverable name: Data and values specifications, managing procedures, v1

Version: 0.4

Release date: 31/07/2014

Dissemination level: Internal

Status: Draft

Author: SMARTIO

Contributors EyPESA, SWRO, UPC

Executive summary

In this document we describe a semantic model for integrating the smart rural grid using

the IDPR with the control room. The document is more concerned in what information

are relevant than how the information are displayed. Therefore the model is

independent of systems use (SCADA, DMS or other EMS) and visual representations.


Deliverable T2.4 Integration with the control room of 33

Document history:

Version Date of issue Content and changes Edited by

0.1 11/07/2014 First draft version Sigurd Seteklev

0.2 23/07/2014 After first review Sigurd Seteklev

0.3 29/07/2014 After second review Sigurd Seteklev

0.4 31/07/2014 Review acceptance Daniel Heredero

Peer reviewed by:

Partner Contributor

CGA Sumit Mullick

KISTERS Ralf Scharnow

EyPESA Ramon Gallart

UPC Francesc Girbau

UPC Daniel Heredero

Deliverable beneficiaries:

WP / Task Responsible

T3.1 UPC

T5.1 KISTERS



Table of contents

1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Control room display design 5

2 Use cases for the control room ........................................................................... 8

2.1 Overview 8

2.2 (Re)connecting to the Smart Rural Grid 9

2.3 Monitoring and operating the Smart Rural Grid 9

2.4 Changing operating parameters 9

2.5 Changing operating mode 9

3 IDPR and the control room ................................................................................ 10

3.1 IDPR as a sensor 14

3.2 Modelling using CIM 17

3.3 IDPR as an active component 20

3.4 Modelling using CIM 22

4 Smart Rural Grid and the control room ............................................................ 23

4.1 Smart Rural Grid pilot EyPESA 28

4.2 Smart Rural Grid Pilot SWRO 31



Abbreviations and Acronyms

Acronym Description

CIM Common Information Model

D Deliverable

EMS Energy Management System

IEC International Electrotechnical Commision

IDPR Intelligent Distributed Power Router

IRD Information Rich Design

NPIC&HMIT Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation, Controls and Human-Machine Interface Technologies

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

WP Work package

LC Local Control

TC Transformer Centre as secondary substation

BMS Battery Management System

CIM Common Information Model

csv Comma Separated Values



1 Overview

This note describes the integration with the control room and the Smart Rural Grid, using

the IDPR (Intelligent Distributed Power Router). It is important to note that we create a

semantic model of the integration, and do not focus on the software or the user interface

used in the control room. We therefore are more interested in what information is relevant

for the control room, rather than what software systems (SCADA, DMS, EMS) are in

place and the specifics of how the information is displayed.

1.1 Control room display design

We cannot entirely separate this work from the information displayed, as what

information to display is important. Our starting point is therefore state-of-the-art control

room display solutions, such as Information Rich Design (See Information Rich Display

Design by Braseth, Veland and Welch, paper presented at NPIC&HMIT; Columbus Ohio

September 2004, http://www.ife.no/en/ife/departments/system-and-interface-

design/files/ird_ans_2004.pdf). These modern design principles are better adapted to

complex processes and human interaction than traditional control room and SCADA

designs. One important factor is that the operator has two operating modes. The first as

a process operator which is an analytical operating mode when all processes run as

normal. The second is a firefighter mode where some abnormal situation occurs, and the

operator has to as quickly as possible find the solution and initiate the correct procedures

in order to come back to a normal situation.

Principles such as Dull Screen principle, where dull colors are used for normal operations

and bright colors are reserved for abnormal situations as well as choosing

representations that helps the operator easily reading and analyzing the situation

impacts what and how much information is relevant for the control room. Information

Rich Design for example can display more information than traditional representations

while both making it easier and faster to read for the operator.

Example of traditional design and IRD showing the same process in an offshore

petroleum process.

http://www.ife.no/en/ife/departments/system-and-interface-design/files/ird_ans_2004.pdf

http://www.ife.no/en/ife/departments/system-and-interface-design/files/ird_ans_2004.pdf



Figure 1 Traditional design

Figure 2 New IRD design

Traditional SCADA design example from a nuclear power plant:

Figure 3: Traditional SCADA design

Same process visualized using the Dull Screen Principle, where the warnings (filled red

and yellow above) are marked using red outlines:



Figure 4: Modern SCADA design using state of the art design principles

As a result, we therefore propose a large set of information per component, as well as

we describe certain principles for emphasizing in displays using the Dull Screen

Principle.



2 Use cases for the control room

2.1 Overview

For the control room there are four main use cases associated with the Smart Rural Grid:

(Re)connecting with the SRG, monitoring and operating the grid, setting operating

parameters and planned isolated mode. The main difference between operating a SRG

and a more conventional smart grid is the IDPR that can both help in stabilizing the grid

in connected (slave) mode and operate the grid in isolated (master) mode. In addition,

the Smart Rural Grid requires a good overview and control of distributed generation as

these provide the supply in isolated mode. The use cases are described shortly here.

As seen in the use case diagram below, the Smart Rural Grid has four main modes of

operation (these are described in more detail D2.2). In the diagram, “Invokes” means a

use-case invokes another use-case, “Flow” means there are information flows between

the use-cases, “Includes” means one use-case is a special situation included in another

use-case, and “Extends” means that a use case extends the definition of another use-

case.

Figure 5: Overview of the use-cases for the Smart Rural Grid and the Control Room

Observe that the operational modes can both be changed from the grid and the control

room. This is a key below where data has to be exchanged both between a local EMS



and the control room, with both having the ability to change set points and operational

modes for the IDPR.

2.2 (Re)connecting to the Smart Rural Grid

In the event of lost connection or when the control room system starts, it is necessary to

establish connection with the SRG. This connection initiates the flow of push messages

from the grid components, and by default will invoke the “Monitoring and operating…”

use case.

2.3 Monitoring and operating the Smart Rural Grid

The operator will see the status of the study case on the display. He will need to clearly

see the operational mode of the study case (mode 1-4), and data from the electrical

components in the study area. In case of modes with electrical failure, the point of failure

will be shown in the system in best available detail. Position of switches, variables as

harmonics, voltage, battery status etc. will be displayed in the control room. Variables

that are outside “normal” boundaries will be slightly emphasized. Variables that are

outside normal boundaries and require manual operation will be strongly highlighted.

These variables will be pushed from the RTU to the control room at regular intervals (less

than 3 minutes). When the push signal is lost, a lost connection warning will be displayed

in the control room and the criticality of this warning will increase at certain intervals of

uninterrupted lost connection.

2.4 Changing operating parameters

Certain parameters on the IDPR can be changed from the control room (see list below).

The control room will then broadcast these parameters to the specified IDPR units. For

the pilot, parameters will be set both by Kisters EMS automatically based on an

optimization algorithm via the control room at regular intervals, and the local EMS.

2.5 Changing operating mode

For planned isolated mode (mode 2), the control room will set the operation mode

manually. The control room will then broadcast a signal to the local grid components to

change position of switches and signal IDPR and possibly generators.



3 IDPR and the control room

The IDPR (Intelligent Distributed Power Router) has several operating modes as shown

in the diagram above.

OPERATION

READY

MASTER_MODESLAVE_MODE

GRID_FAULT

STAND_BY IDPR_FAULT

PRECHARGE

BusOK

StartSlaveModeOrder

StopOrder StopOrder

StartMasterModeOrder

GridParametersViolationSl GridParametersViolationMa

GetReadyOrder

TurnOnOrderTurnOffOrder

ResetIdprOrder

IdprError

State diagramBlack-start

point

Normal Operation Modes (NOMs)

TURN_OFFTurnOffOk

StartUp Operation Modes (SOMs)

Grid Fault Operation Mode (GFOM)

Previous Operation Mode (POM)

IdprError

Figure 6: State diagram for the IDPR

The STAND_BY, TURN_OFF and PRECHARGE states require no additional information

except the state that the IDPR is currently in. These states are either “off” modes in the

case of STAND_BY and TURN_OFF, while PRECHARGE is a temporary state lasting a

few seconds in which the internal DC link will be established.

Communication with the IDPR and the other physical components of the substations

happens through an RTU-unit. The levels for the EyPESA pilot grid, as well as the

protocols for the physical pilot grid, can be seen in the following diagram:



Figure 7: Communication levels and protocols for the EyPESA pilot grid

Relation Devices Communicati

ons interface

Communicati

ons protocol

File format Comments

A KISTERS

EMS and

EyPESA’

s Center

control

WAN (Wide

Area

Network)

TCP/IP

CIM (Common

Information

Model)

csv (Comma

Separate

Values)

Or equivalent

The KISTERS EMS

communicates with the

SCADA from EyPESA’s

Center Control till CIM/CSV

(TBD). Note that the

KISTERS EMS asks to the

center control the outputs

and determines the global set

points.



B EyPESA’

s Center

control

and RTU-

LC

WAN and

PAN (Private

Area

Network:

WiMAX,

PLC,

Ethernet)

IEC 60870-5-

104 EyPESA

profile and/or

ftp (TBD)

Program file

The SCADA from center control

communicates with the RTU-LC.

Note that in the SCADA is the

server and the RTU-LC is the

client. Therefore the SCADA

provides the data information

and RTU-LC provides the

information about pilot

network.

C RTU-LC

and Local

EMS

PAN

(Ethernet)

Modbus

TCP/IP

Program file

The RTU-LC communicates

with the Local EMS. Note that

the RTU-LC is the server and

Local EMS is the client.

Therefore the RTU-LC transmits

the information of the system

and the provided set point to

the Local EMS and then it

determines the particular set

points.

D RTU-LC

and RTU-

TC

PAN

(WiMAX,

PLC,

Ethernet)

TCP/IP

based

Protocol

TBD The RTU-LC communicates

with the RTU-TC. Note that the

RTU-LC is the master and RTU-

TC is the slave. Therefore the

RTU-LC provides the state and

particular set points of each

RTU-TC and then RTU-TC

provides local data.

E RTU-TC

and IDPR

PAN

(Ethernet)

Modbus

TCP/IP

Program file The RTU-TC communicates

with the IDPR. Note that the

RTU-TC is the server and IDPR is

the client. Therefore the RTU-TC

transmits the set points and

then it provides the particular

information.

F RTU-TC

and

smart-

fuses

PAN (RS-

485, wired)

Modbus RTU

Procome

Not Apply The RTU-TC communicates

with smart-fuses. Note that the

RTU-TC is the master and the

rest are the slaves. Therefore

the RTU-TC transmits the

signals and then it provides the

information.



G RTU-TC

and

sensors

PAN (RS-

485, wired)

Modbus RTU

Digital I/O

Analogue I/O


with sensors. Note that the





information.

H RTU-TC

and

switches

PAN (RS-

485, wired)

Modbus RTU

Digital I/O

Analogue I/O

Procome


with switches. Note that the





information.

I RTU-TC

and

distribute

d

generator

PAN

(WiMAX )

TCP/IP

based

protocol

TBD The RTU-TC communicates

with generators. Note that the


generators are the slaves.

Therefore the RTU-TC transmits

the signals and then it provides

the information.

J IDPR and

BMS

PAN (RS-

485)

TBD TBD The IDPR communicates with

Battery Management System.

Note that the IDPR is the server

and the BMS is the client.



3.1 IDPR as a sensor

The IDPR can in all states function as an advanced sensor. The following properties are

measured by the IDPR:

Description Units Format Availability

Load active power phase R [W] Real Master/Slave

Load active power phase S [W] Real Master/Slave

Load active power phase T [W] Real Master/Slave

Load reactive power phase R [var] Real Master/Slave

Load reactive power phase S [var] Real Master/Slave

Load reactive power phase T [var] Real Master/Slave

Grid active power phase R [W] Real Master/Slave

Grid active power phase S [W] Real Master/Slave

Grid active power phase T [W] Real Master/Slave

Grid reactive power phase R [var] Real Master/Slave

Grid reactive power phase S [var] Real Master/Slave

Grid reactive power phase T [var] Real Master/Slave

Rated apparent power scale factor [pu] Real Master/Slave

Grid phase R voltage [V] Real Master/Slave

Grid phase S voltage [V] Real Master/Slave

Grid phase T voltage [V] Real Master/Slave

Grid frequency [Hz] Real Master/Slave

Battery voltage [V] Real Master/Slave

Battery current [A] Real Master/Slave



Figure 8 The corresponding measurement points

As measurement values are “fresh” the IDPR will send these values regularly at specific

intervals. No acknowledge from the control room is necessary as measurement

packages lost as the control room would like to have the most recent values. In case

connection is lost, it is important that the control room software will provide warning for

short intervals, and errors for lasting connection loss.

Figure 9: Sequence diagram for measurement information

In addition the IDPR is designed to send out alarms and events. For the pilot installations

the Modbus protocol is used, that doesn’t allow events to be sent as a push. Therefore,

in the pilot installation the RTU will poll regularly for events. For the sake of simplicity,

we assume that the IDPR can throw events, as this does not change the behaviour as

seen from the control room. While these have not been specified in detail yet, one

application for this for state changes at the IDPR. State changes are important to be

synchronized between the control room and the IDPR. So we cannot accept lost

packages. This means when the IDPR sends an event, the control room software has to

acknowledge that the event has been received. In case the IDPR does not get this

IDPR BATT

Grid side

Load side Battery side

Inductiveconsumption

Capacitiveconsumption

Capacitive generation

P+

Q+

Inductive generation

P-

Q-



acknowledgement, the IDPR has to resend the event until the control room responds.

This is modeled in the sequence diagram below.

Figure 10: Sequence diagram of event information



3.2 Modelling using CIM

The CIM-model has a structure for communicating measurements in SCADA/Control

room environments. The class structure is displayed in the UML diagram below. One the

left side the measurements are shown, with the abstract class Measurement, and

specialized classes for types of values. For the IDPR Analog (real) and Discrete (integer)

will be the most relevant. In cases where distinct values or events need to be sent, the

discreet values has the option of creating aliases. These aliases can e.g. be on/off states

of switches, or events reported by components in the grid. The diagram also shows the

relation between the measurement, and the values from the measurement (shown on

the right), All measurement values are also specialized classes of the abstract

MeasurmentValue class.



Figure 11: Overview of CIM classes for measurement data



Extending this model to sensor data for the IDPR, one can materialize the abstract IDPR

Measurement class in to the following specialized run-time class instances:

Figure 12 Runtime classes for measurements



For Events (e.g. reporting events like changing states of the IDPR) there is no specific

classes in IEC61970 for handling these. These are instead handled as discreet values,

and these are then associated with aliases (e.g. “0” means Master mode).

3.3 IDPR as an active component

The IDPR will in certain modes stabilize or help stabilize the grid by monitoring active

and reactive power, voltage and frequency. In addition, in isolated modes the IDPR will

control the frequency, voltage and harmonics of the grid. In this case, both events need

to be communicated with the control room, as well as the control room needs to set

parameter and change operation modes.

The list of parameters is as follows:


Active power setpoint [W} Real Slave

Reactive power setpoint [var] Real Slave

Voltage setpoint [V] Real Master

Frequency setpoint [Hz] Real Master

The following parameters have been defined:


Harmonic current compensation enabling - Boolean Slave

Unbalance current compensation enabling - Boolean Slave

Reactive current compensation enabling - Boolean Slave

In addition, a command would be to set the IDPR to master mode when entering a

planned isolated mode.

Commands are important to synchronize between the control room and the IDPR. The

IDPR therefore has to acknowledge commands received from the control room.



Figure 13: Sequence diagram for commands

The IDPR should be master source for the control states. This means in particular, that

when a connection is established with the IDPR, the IDPR reports current set-points

and status. In the sequence diagram below, IDPR Status is an abstract object in which

the IDPR reports set points and operational statuses. As a principle, historic values are

not reported to the control room.

Figure 14: Sequence diagram for connecting Control Room and IDPR



3.4 Modelling using CIM

IEC61970 also contains classes for control signals. These are associated with

measurements, which allows measurements and control variables such as set points be

associated, as well as direct commands via value aliases. The class overview is as

follows:

Figure 15: Overview of CIM classes for control signals with relation to measurement classes



4 Smart Rural Grid and the control room

Putting the IDPR in a smart rural grid adds to very important elements to the operation

of the Smart Rural Grid, The local EMS that can locally change set points, change

breakers and switches, and control the IDPR and local generators, and an optional

battery that are operated by the IDPR. For Grid Failure, the local EMS will ensure that

the IDPR goes to master mode, and in the event of several IDPR’s cooperating, setting

which is master and slaves in isolated mode.

This makes the sequence diagrams a bit more complex. Especially measurements have

to be received both by the control room and the local EMS, and in case of parameters

and commands changes has to be reported to both.

The sequence diagram for measurement data is therefore as follows:

Figure 16: Sequence diagram for sending measurement data in Smart Rural Grid

For events, the IDPR has to send events to both Local EMS and Control room, and get

an acknowledgement from both. In the diagram below all messages are asynchronous

and waiting for the response from local EMS before sending the event to the control room

is not desired or necessary.



Figure 17: Sequence diagram for event handling in Smart Rural Grid

For commands, we get two sequence diagrams. One for when the command is sent by

the control room, and one for commands sent by the local EMS. For each of which, the

other part must receive an event of the change of status.



Using these principles, changing parameters from the control room results in the

following sequence diagram:

Figure 18: Sequence diagram for handling commands from Control Room in Smart Rural Grid



Similarly, when the local EMS change parameters, results in the following diagram:

Figure 19: Sequence diagram for handling commands from Local EMS in the Smart Rural Grid

When the SRG changes to and from isolated mode, there are several other components

that are also affected. E.g. switches, breakers and smart fuses might be turned on or off,

and generators can be started. We find it natural that the system that issues the

command also sends the signal to other grid components. This results in that either the

Local EMS or the control room systems send the control signals to grid components, as

well as the IDPR. It is important to note, that in the case of batteries linked to an IDPR,

the IDPR controls the battery and not the control room or local EMS. In the cases below,

such sequence diagrams are outlined (modes changed from Control room and Local

EMS, respectively):



Figure 20: Sequence Diagram for changing operational mode from the control room



Figure 21: Sequence diagram for changing operational mode from Local EMS

4.1 Smart Rural Grid pilot EyPESA

EyPESAs pilot grid is located in Catalonia in Spain, and consists of four substations (see

diagram below).



Figure 22: Components in the EyPESA pilot grid

The local EMS is located in substation 010, there are IDPRS in substation 010, 730 and

928, where substation 010 and 928 also has a battery. Also notice, that substation 734

does not have an IDPR. In addition, substation 010 has a GenSet to help generate

production. In cases of isolated mode where several substations operates in isolated

mode, substation 010 will also function as a master, setting the frequency, voltage etc.

As an illustration of the added complexity, the following diagram gives an overview of the

data movement between components in the pilot grid:

Figure 23: Data movement between components in the EyPESA pilot grid

Setting all these pieces together, it is important for the control room to be able to act and

monitor not only these components. The following shows an updated overview of the

pilot grid in EyPESA SCADA system:

SS 730Planallonga

SS 734Nou Piella

SS 010Verger

STUDY CASE

0.4 kV0.4 kV0.4 kV0.23 kV

010-B 010-C

928-B

928-A

5 kV 5 kV

GG

730-A 734-A

928BTS-2 BTS-1730BTS-2 734BTS-2 BTS-1BTS-2 BTS-1

010BTT-1 928BTT-1730BTT-1

IDPR730 IDPR928

734-B730-B

BTS-3010BTS-4

G G G

IDPR010

SS 928Artigues

48 V 48 V

+

48 V 48 V

MV Fuse-switch Swith-disconnector(Can be automated)

Manual disconnector(Cannot be automated) Lighting arrester

LV Smart fuse

LV Power-switch(Can be automated)

+

DPLC734

Three-phase analizer (Modbus)

BTS-1

UPS010

DPLC010

010-A

Local EMS

UPS730

DPLC730

RTU730UPS734

RTU734

UPS730

DPLC730RTU010 RTU730

+

+

++



Figure 24: Pilot grid viewed in EyPESA SCADA system

Figure 25: Another view of the SCADA scheme

The number grid components per substation that needs to be managed for operating this

as a Smart Rural grid is listed below:

Number per substations

Component Type 10 730 734 928

Smart Fuses Events and measurements 3 2 2 2

928-B

928-A 734-A 730-A 010-C 010-B

010-A

E.T.001001P.T.073001P.T.073401P.T.092801

E.T. ARTIGUES P.T. NOU PIELLA P.T. PLANALLONGA E.T. VERGER

IDPR

VdcSoC ºC

kW

V A

kvar

VdcSoC ºC

kW

V A

kvar

VdcºC

kW

V A

kvarIDPRIDPR

kW

kV A

kvar

Local modeRemote modeBlock mode



010BTS-3 BTS-2 BTS-1730BTS-2 BTS-1734BTS-2 BTS-1928BTS-2 BTS-1

A

kV

A A A A SoCA A

kW

V A

kvar

A

kV

A A

A A A

L

Failure Comm

Instrusion

L L

Failure CommInstrusion

L

Failure CommInstrusion

State:Open switchClose SwitchUnknownNon comm

State:

- Slave mode

- Master mode

- System failure

- System warning

- Comm. failure

IDPR

IDPR

IDPR

IDPR

IDPR



LV switches Events 1 1 0 1

MV switches Events 2 0 0 1

MV switch breaker Events 1 0 0 1

IDPR Events and measurements 1 1 0 1

Batteries Events and measurements 1 0 0 1

UPS Events and measurements 1 1 1 1

Notice that there are two medium voltage switched in substation 10. The switch called

010-B, can disconnect all substations mentioned above from the main grid. So, by

operating this switch the entire pilot grid can be switched between isolated and grid

modes.

For the control room, it is important that all of these components can be associated as

one entity, that visually the SRG can be viewed both as a whole (indicating isolated or

connected modes, and warnings and errors) as well as individual components. As the

operation is more or less automatic, emphasis should be given foremost on the smart

rural grid rather than the individual components. In this scenario, the control room must

be aware of a Smart Rural Grid, with substations that contains components.

4.2 Smart Rural Grid Pilot SWRO

The second pilot grid, is in the area of Stadtwerke Rosenheim in Germany. An overview

of the pilot area can be seen below.



Figure 26: Components in Stadtwerke Rosenheim pilot grid

The substations have a power meter, but are otherwise fully manual. A consequence of

this is that this pilot grid will not operate in isolated modes. Below the diagram for

substation Johannesweg is shown.



Figure 27: Substation components in Stadtwerke Rosenheim pilot grid

In this mode of operation, the IDPR will function as a sensor and an active component

to help absorb reactive power etc. For the control room, the integration of components

is therefore not as important. For these cases the control room is more concerned of the

entity substation that has an active component (the IDPR).

Smart Rural Grid · 2015-06-13 · Smart_Rural_Grid FP7 project – Grant agreement nº. 619610...

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Transcript of Smart Rural Grid · 2015-06-13 · Smart_Rural_Grid FP7 project – Grant agreement nº. 619610...