Smart PhoneSmart Phone

Xiaohua DuXiaohua Du

Xiaoyi ShengXiaoyi Sheng

Overview1

Hardware2

Software Platform

Services and Applications4

3

Evolution of Cell PhonesEvolution of Cell Phones

OK chief, I’ll get on it right away!

Date 1983 1989 1996 2005Model: DynaTAC MicroTAC StarTACRazor V3Size: (high) 10 inches (25cm) 9 inches 3.9 inches 3.7 inchesWeight: 28 ounces (793g) 12.3 ounces 4.3 ounces 3.3 ounces Talk Time: 2 hr

3 hr 5 hrStand by Time: 24 hr 60 hr

170 hr

Picture source: Wikipedia

Personal Digital Personal Digital AssistantsAssistants

Personal Digital Assistants Personal Digital Assistants (PDA(PDA’’s) are personal s) are personal handheld computers.handheld computers.

They are used to keep They are used to keep schedules, and have schedules, and have features that include:features that include: TypewritingTypewriting Address BookAddress Book CalendarCalendar

Picture source: Wikipedia

PDA vs. Cell PhonePDA vs. Cell Phone

Both PDAs and Cell Phones are Both PDAs and Cell Phones are popular, but there is a difference popular, but there is a difference between the two devices.between the two devices.

The cell phoneThe cell phone’’s main function is s main function is making phone callsmaking phone calls

On the other hand the PDA is more of On the other hand the PDA is more of a information storing device and only a information storing device and only has a few communication features, has a few communication features, such as IrDA, WLAN, Bluetooth.such as IrDA, WLAN, Bluetooth.

Smart Phone = PDA + Cell Smart Phone = PDA + Cell PhonePhone

In recent years, many manufacturers In recent years, many manufacturers have begun to blur the line between have begun to blur the line between the PDA and the cell phone.the PDA and the cell phone.

A new device has been introduced to A new device has been introduced to the marketthe market………….. The SMART PHONE.. The SMART PHONE

== ++

Smart Phone marketSmart Phone market According to IDC's According to IDC's

Worldwide Quarterly Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, Mobile Phone Tracker, global smart phone global smart phone shipments reached 35.5 shipments reached 35.5 million units in last quarter million units in last quarter of 2007, which was more of 2007, which was more than four times the size of than four times the size of the market for personal the market for personal digital assistants. digital assistants.

In 2008 36% of the mobile In 2008 36% of the mobile handset market will be handset market will be smart phones, equivalent smart phones, equivalent to shipments of 240 million to shipments of 240 million units.units.

Why the Mobile Why the Mobile Explosion? Explosion? Devices dropping in price and Devices dropping in price and

increasing in capabilitiesincreasing in capabilitiesSmart phone penetration will be 21% by 2012Smart phone penetration will be 21% by 2012

Increased network competitionIncreased network competitionNetworks are getting faster, and data packages are Networks are getting faster, and data packages are getting cheapergetting cheaper

Fundamental platform transitionFundamental platform transition14.0% of US homes are mobile only while 12.3% of 14.0% of US homes are mobile only while 12.3% of homes land-line onlyhomes land-line only

Overview1

Hardware2

Software Platform3

Services and Applications4

CPUCPU MemoryMemory DisplayDisplay BatteryBattery Expansion storageExpansion storage AntennaAntenna Camera, GPS, etc.Camera, GPS, etc.

KEY: KEY: A Balance Of Function and Power ConsumptionA Balance Of Function and Power Consumption

Smart Phone HardwareSmart Phone Hardware

ARM ARM –– The leading 32-bit embedded processor The leading 32-bit embedded processor architecturearchitecture

Advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) Advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machinemachine

Dominated byDominated by Texas Instrument OMAPTexas Instrument OMAP Intel Xscale (sold to Marvell)Intel Xscale (sold to Marvell) SamsungSamsung

Clock speed 200MHz ~ 600MHz, up to Clock speed 200MHz ~ 600MHz, up to 1GHz1GHz

Typical RISC architecture featuresTypical RISC architecture features A large uniform register fileA large uniform register file A load/store architecture, where data-processing A load/store architecture, where data-processing

operations only operate on register contents, not directly operations only operate on register contents, not directly on memory contentson memory contents

simple addressing modes, with all load/store addresses simple addressing modes, with all load/store addresses being determined from register contents and instruction being determined from register contents and instruction fields onlyfields only

uniform and fixed-length instruction fields, to simplify uniform and fixed-length instruction fields, to simplify instruction decode.instruction decode.

Additional featuresAdditional features control over both the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and control over both the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and

shifter in most data-processing instructions to maximize shifter in most data-processing instructions to maximize the use of an ALU and a shifterthe use of an ALU and a shifter

auto-increment and auto-decrement addressing modes to auto-increment and auto-decrement addressing modes to optimize program loopsoptimize program loops

Load and Store Multiple instructions to maximize data Load and Store Multiple instructions to maximize data throughputthroughput

conditional execution of almost all instructions to conditional execution of almost all instructions to maximize execution throughput.maximize execution throughput.

Source: http://www.arm.comj

Graphics AcceleratorGraphics AcceleratorVideo AcceleratorVideo Accelerator Image Signal Processor (ISP)Image Signal Processor (ISP)Digital Signal Processor (DSP)Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

iPhoneiPhone 620620  MHz MHz

ARMARM  1176, 1176, underclockeunderclocked to d to 412412  MHzMHz

Palm Treo Palm Treo 750750 300mhz 300mhz

Samsung Samsung ProcessorProcessor

Nokia N Nokia N SeriesSeries TI OMAP TI OMAP

24202420

Picture source: http://onlyumpc.com/, http://nokia.comPicture source: http://onlyumpc.com/, http://nokia.com

Volatile MemoryVolatile Memory Static RAMStatic RAM

64MB~128MB run-time memory of software 64MB~128MB run-time memory of software applicationsapplications

Non-volatile MemoryNon-volatile Memory Flash ROMFlash ROM

128MB~ 256MB contains operating system , 128MB~ 256MB contains operating system , software and user datasoftware and user data

External Flash Memory through I/O External Flash Memory through I/O extension interfacesextension interfaces Up to 16GB--Compact Flash (CF), Secure Up to 16GB--Compact Flash (CF), Secure

Digital (SD), MultiMedia Memory Cards (MMC)Digital (SD), MultiMedia Memory Cards (MMC)

Picture Source: http://www.pocketpctechs.com/images/

Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD displayThin-film transistor (TFT) LCD display Resolution: QVGA 320x240 and VGA 640x480, Resolution: QVGA 320x240 and VGA 640x480,

up to WVGA 800x480up to WVGA 800x480 Size: 2~5 inchesSize: 2~5 inches Color depth: 65K(16bit), 260K (18bit)Color depth: 65K(16bit), 260K (18bit) Significant power consumptionSignificant power consumption

Picture source: http://onlyumpc.comPicture source: http://onlyumpc.com

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displayDoes not require a backlight to functionConsumes far less powerMuch thinner (0.2 mm)Can be made foldableShorter life

Picture source: http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/Picture source: http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/

Overview1

Hardware2

Software Platform3

Services and Applications4

1

Software PlatformsSoftware Platforms

A software platform essentially provides A software platform essentially provides a complete solution to application a complete solution to application development on smart phones. It is development on smart phones. It is defined as the combination of defined as the combination of Operating system for a collection of Operating system for a collection of

compatible mobile devicescompatible mobile devices Application programming interfaces (APIs)Application programming interfaces (APIs) Software development librariesSoftware development libraries Programming toolsProgramming tools

Market Share of O.S.Market Share of O.S.

Windows Mobile, 12%

Symbian OS, 65%

RIM BlackBerry, 11%

iPhone OS, 7%

Linux, 5%

Source: wikipediaSource: wikipedia

Comparisons of Comparisons of Mobile Software PlatformsMobile Software Platforms

Microsoft Smartphone, Palm OS, and BREW Microsoft Smartphone, Palm OS, and BREW (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) are (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) are proprietary systems in that they only provide proprietary systems in that they only provide largely restricted APIs. On the other hand, largely restricted APIs. On the other hand, Symbian, Linux, and J2ME are completely open Symbian, Linux, and J2ME are completely open systems.systems.

Due to its supreme portability and established Due to its supreme portability and established support in the mobile application developer support in the mobile application developer community, J2ME is well positioned for next-community, J2ME is well positioned for next-generation mobile application development.generation mobile application development.

Considering the heterogeneity of mobile devices in Considering the heterogeneity of mobile devices in terms of hardware and software platforms, J2ME terms of hardware and software platforms, J2ME and .Net compact framework are likely to flourish.and .Net compact framework are likely to flourish.

Introduction toIntroduction to AndroidAndroid http://code.google.com/android Android is a software platform for mobile devices

based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.

OS: Linux kernel - version 2.6 OS: Linux kernel - version 2.6 Emulator: on Mac, Windows, Linux Emulator: on Mac, Windows, Linux Hardware support:Hardware support:

GSM TelephonyGSM Telephony Bluetooth, 3G, and WiFiBluetooth, 3G, and WiFi Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometerCamera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer

Introduction toIntroduction to AndroidAndroid http://code.google.com/

android Android is a software

platform for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.

OS: Linux kernel - version 2.6 OS: Linux kernel - version 2.6 Emulator: on Mac, Windows, Emulator: on Mac, Windows,

Linux Linux Hardware support:Hardware support:

GSM TelephonyGSM Telephony Bluetooth, 3G, and WiFiBluetooth, 3G, and WiFi Camera, GPS, compass, Camera, GPS, compass,

and accelerometerand accelerometer

AndroidAndroid Architecture ArchitectureLinux KernelLinux Kernel

Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory system services such as security, memory management, process management, network management, process management, network stack, and driver model. stack, and driver model.

The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.software stack.

AndroidAndroid Architecture ArchitectureRuntimeRuntime

Every Android application runs in its own process, with Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.

Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently. The Dalvik VM executes files in the VMs efficiently. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. minimal memory footprint.

The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.

The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory functionality such as threading and low-level memory management.management.

AndroidAndroid Architecture ArchitectureLibrariesLibraries

Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. components of the Android system. Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem

and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applicationsmultiple applications

Media Libraries - support playback and recording of many Media Libraries - support playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static image filepopular audio and video formats, as well as static image file

FreeType - bitmap and vector font renderingFreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database engine SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database engine

available to all applicationsavailable to all applications

AndroidAndroid Architecture ArchitectureApplication FrameworkApplication Framework

Android will ship with a set of core applications including an Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using Java.contacts, and others. All applications are written using Java.

Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including:including: A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an

application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browseran embeddable web browser

Content Providers that enable applications to access data from Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own dataother applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data

A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout filessuch as localized strings, graphics, and layout files

A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status barcustom alerts in the status bar

An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstackand provides a common navigation backstack

Overview1

Hardware2

Software Platform3

Services and Applications4

Generation

Data Rate Protocols

2G9.6 – 14.4

kbpsGSM, CDMA, TDMA, PDC

2.5G14.4 - 110

kbpsGPRS

2.75G 144-384 kbps EDGE, CDMA2000 1x

3G 384k – 2 MbpsWCDMA, CDMA2000,TD-SCDMA, UWC-136,

DECT+

Services and ApplicationsServices and Applications Basic mobile phone servicesBasic mobile phone services

Mobile telephonyMobile telephony Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP (VoIP) –– 1~2 1~2 ¢¢/min /min

international calls (WLAN/3G)international calls (WLAN/3G) Messaging ServicesMessaging Services

SMS EMS MMS•Simple Text

•Limited to 160 characters

•Text and Simple Graphics

•Uses same networks as SMS

SMS is the highest ranked mobile service in terms of consumer preference of use, especially in Asia and Europe. Chinese people sent 592 billion in 2007.

•Audio and Video

•Greeting Cards

•Requires 2.5G systems

Personal Information Personal Information Management Management

email, calendar, task, address email, calendar, task, address book, organizer, notepad, etc.book, organizer, notepad, etc.

Can be synchronized with Can be synchronized with computer computer MS active sync with OutlookMS active sync with Outlook

Synchronization over-the-airSynchronization over-the-air Yahoo! Intellisync Yahoo! Intellisync –– calendar, calendar,

address book and notepadaddress book and notepad Email servicesEmail services

BlackBerry BlackBerry ““Push EmailPush Email”” Microsoft Microsoft ““Direct Push TechnologyDirect Push Technology””

on WM6on WM6

Picture source: http://www.developerone.comPicture source: http://www.developerone.com

Mobile InternetMobile Internet Through 2.5G/3G networks or wireless LANThrough 2.5G/3G networks or wireless LAN Smart phone customized websitesSmart phone customized websites

Google: search engine, map service, YouTube Google: search engine, map service, YouTube video streaming, etc (http://mobile.google.com)video streaming, etc (http://mobile.google.com)

Convert any website into mobile version Convert any website into mobile version through Google (through Google (http://www.google.com/gwt/nhttp://www.google.com/gwt/n))

Innovative web-browsersInnovative web-browsers iPhone SafariiPhone Safari

Source: youtube.com

Mobile Instant MessagingMobile Instant Messaging AOL Instant MessengerAOL Instant Messenger MSN/Windows Live MessengerMSN/Windows Live Messenger ICQ messengerICQ messenger Yahoo! MessengerYahoo! Messenger Google TalkGoogle Talk

Mobile Multimedia Mobile Multimedia CenterCenter

DVD quality movieDVD quality movie Music downloadMusic download

iTuneiTune Video and Music streamingVideo and Music streaming Video gamesVideo games

Location Based ServicesLocation Based Services GPS navigationGPS navigation

Built-in/external GPS receiverBuilt-in/external GPS receiver Point of interestPoint of interest Traffic informationTraffic information

Enhanced 911 (E911)Enhanced 911 (E911) Emergency localization through cellular Emergency localization through cellular

network or built-in GPSnetwork or built-in GPS

And Many MoreAnd Many More……

Mobile Social NetworkingMobile Social Networking Mobile IDMobile ID Digital WalletDigital Wallet

Secured with fingerprint reader/facial Secured with fingerprint reader/facial recognition/iris scannerrecognition/iris scanner

Mobile Enterprise Resource Mobile Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Planning (ERP)

SummarySummary

Smart Phone Smart Phone –– the convergence of the convergence of ““3C3C”” CommunicationCommunication ComputingComputing Consumer ElectronicsConsumer Electronics

Q&AQ&A

Questions?Questions? Thank you for your time.Thank you for your time.

ReferencesReferences

Pei Zheng, Lionel Ni. Smart Phone and Next Generation Mobile Pei Zheng, Lionel Ni. Smart Phone and Next Generation Mobile Computing, Morgan Kaufmann, December 16, 2005Computing, Morgan Kaufmann, December 16, 2005

Google Android http://code.google.com/android/Google Android http://code.google.com/android/ Wikipedia, "Smartphone", Wikipedia, "Smartphone",

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobilehttp://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile http://www.arm.comhttp://www.arm.com http://www.blackberry.comhttp://www.blackberry.com http://www.apple.com/iphonehttp://www.apple.com/iphone