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SMART MATERIALS

Biswajit AcharyaM.Tech ,1st YearRoll: 0892010AEIE Heritage Institute of Technology

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OUTLINE….

Classification & Comparison Between Materials; Smart Materials- Introduction; Classification of Smart Materials; Different Types of Smart Materials; Their Applications; Conclusion; References….

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TYPES OF MATERIALS

MATERIALS

Wood Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites

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COMPARISON BETWEEN MATERIALS

Material Conduc-tivity

Stren-gth

Hard-ness

Tough-ness

Weight Corrosi-on

Resista-nce

Cost

Pine Very poor

Medium/ low Low Low Low/

medium Poor Low

MDF Very poor Low Low Low Low/

medium Poor Low

Low-Carbon Steel

Very good

Very good Good Very

good High Poor Low

Stainless Steel

Very good

Ex- cellent

Very good

Very good High Good High

HIPS Very poor Medium Low Good Low Very

good Low

Acrylic Very poor Medium Low/

medium Good Low Good Medium

SMA Very good

Very good Good Very

good Medium Good High

SMART MATERIALSCourtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize

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SMART MATERIALS….!!!!

Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or more of their inherent properties owing to the application of an external stimuli in a controlled fashion.

The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are sensitive are :

Stress;

Temperature;

Moisture;

pH;

Electric Fields;

Magnetic Fields……

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SMART MATERIALS….!!!!

S M A R T

RESULT-ORIENTED

SIGNIFICANT

MEASURABLE

APPROPRIATE

TIME-ORIENTED

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CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS

Type of SMART Material

Input Output

Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference

Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation

Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation

Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference

Shape Memory Alloys

Temperature Deformation

Photochromic Radiation Color Change

Thermochromics Temperature Color Change

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PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS…

Materials Used: Quartz, Rochelle Salt, Topaz, Bismuth Ferrite.

The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect

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ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

If a dielectric material is subjected to an electric field, then it experiences a strain which is proportional to the strength of the electric field.

Eg: Lead Lanthanum

Zirconate Titanate

(PLZT).

Lead Magnesium

Niobate (PMN).

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MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

Application of a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic material causes it to change its shape. This change in shape is proportional to the strength of the field applied.

Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D.

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THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

These materials, when subjected to any temperature difference, produces proportional voltage output. The reverse effect is also true.

Thermoelectric effect generally comprise of:

Seebeck Effect;

Peltier Effect;

Thomson Effect.

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SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

Shape Memory Alloys are metal alloys which can undergo solid-to-solid phase transformation and can recover completely when heated to a specific temperature.

These materials has two phases:

Austenite- high temperature phase;

Martensite- low temperature phase.

AusteniteTwinned

Martensite

DetwinnedMartensiteSMART MATERIALS

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MARTENSITE TO AUSTENITE TRANSFORMATION

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SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT-AN EXAMPLE

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SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

Materials commonly used are:

Cu-Al-Ni; Fe-Mn-Si; Cu-Zn-Al; Ni-Ti.

Major Applications: Aircraft; Orthopedic Surgery; Dental Braces; Robotics.

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CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS

Chromogenic materials change their color in accordance to electrical, thermal or radiative stimuli.

CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS

ThermochromicMaterials

PhotochromicMaterials

ElectrochromicMaterials

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THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS

Materials which changes color with changes in temperature.

General materials used are: V2O5 , Cholesteryl nonanoate, 1,2,3-triazole, Octadecylphosphonic acid.

General applications: Inks; Dyes; Papers; Plastics.

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RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE

Cold Cold Hot

Hot

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PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS

Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of light.

Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light.

General Materials used are: Azobenzene; Diarylethene; Spiropyran; Silver Chloride.

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PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS

Major Applications: Lenses; Supramolecular

chemistry; Dyes; Paints; Cosmetics; Clothing.

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ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS

These materials change their optical behavior with application of electrical voltage.

Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of light they allow to pass through them.

Transparent and looks like ordinary glass

Application of small voltage turns it opaque

(blueish and dark)

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ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS

General materials used are: WO3; NiO; TiO2; Polyaniline; Polythiophene.

Major applications: Smart Glass; Light-transmissive

devices for optical information and storage;

Rear-view mirrors; Protective eyewear.

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APPLICATIONS

Smart Fabric; Smart Aircraft; Sporting Goods; Smart Dust; Reducing vibration

of helicopter blades; Robotics; Medical Surgeries; Security; And many

others…………………

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CONCLUSION

The research and development of smart materials has been an astounding boost to the technical sphere. As time will pass by, these materials will be more known of and be more extensively used to meet even the minute needs of the society.

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REFERENCESSmart Materials and Smart Systems for the future-Georges Akhras.

New Organic Electrochromic Materials and their Applications- J Zmija, M.J Malachowski.

BBC-GCSE Bitesize. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/materialsrev2.shtml

Canadian Military Journal, Autumn 2000.

Buckley, S., “Automation Sensing Mimics Organisms”.

http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/wtwu/Research.html

http://www.osakagu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ/eforum/e2008Forum/eETRIATFC2008Rep/eETRIATFC2008TNRep.html

Wiki…..

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THANK YOU

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