SMART MATERIAL RESEARCH INTERFACE

THE WORKING PROCESS

THE INTER-DISCIPLINARYJOURNAL 2012

SMARTMATERIALINTERFACE

PUBLISHED ON THE OCCASION OF CDP PROGRAM AT ARCHITECTURE DEPT 2012Designed & Edited by CHANGYEOB LEE_Architecture year1

with contribution from WONSEOK JEONG_Product design,John Goodbun,Kenny Kinugasa-Tudi,

Justin Lau, Chris Procter, Aran Chadwick

Innovative Encounters Between Science, Art & Design

ARCHITECTUREAS

GUIDANCEThe most effective way to ‘heal’ a stressed ecology may be to construct living

buildings._Rachel Armstrong

In modern ecology, even if the Industrial Revolution brought a number of positive social and ecological changes, the essential limitation of production flow which contributes to environment shifting hasn’t changed a lot. Particularly, buildings are still constructed through top-down, industrial, machine-manufactured processes since 19th century. And that are fundamentally static, inert, unresponsive with natu-ral environment.

Recently, with rising of the “sustainability” as primary con-cern of human being, diverse professions started to consider cross-disciplinary ways that natural living system can be applied to built environment. To be specific, beyond more conventional ‘sustainable design’ approaches, architects and scientists are working together with the convergence of na-notechnology, biology, molecular science and with living technology to find new production system which mimics na-ture’s complex geology.

If we could grow our own building like a plant, not only to play a role to meet the needs of conventional expectation as a housing also if habitats harvest resources from the living architecture like a tree, this might be one of future response as an opportunity which current construction statues in architecture industry in transforming symbiosis between synthetic ecology and nature.

As an architect, my chief interest is how we plug in affirmative radical system to our existing artificial environment which learnt from the metabolism of living life to be its very nature and may be possible for us to create architectures with positive impact on natural systems, which in turn look out for us in a very architectural way

And this could be used to challenge traditional notions of architectural production from ‘build’, consuming finite re-source to ‘grow’ as new spontaneous ecology.

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When the ‘built’ becomes the ‘born’

Acetobacer Xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii

Bacillus pasteurii, if treated right, produces calcite that can glue sand grains together (or mend concrete, for that matter); the process is referred to as microbial-induced calcite precipitation, or MICP. Treating the bacteria right requires feeding them which is where the urine comes in – urea [(NH2)2CO] can be made synthetically or from urine, and provides nutrition for the bacteria. Water is also necessary, as is calcium chloride.

Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pas-teurii from older taxonomies, is a bacterium with the abil-ity to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of biological cemen-tation. Pasteurii has been proposed to be used as an eco-logically sound biological construction material.

Urea NH2)2CO +Bacillus Pasteurii +

CACO3 + H2O - Dolmite (CaMg(CO)3)2)

Sand SiO2 -

Sand with microbial grow-th medium

Bacillus Pasteurii cements grains of sand with cal-cium carbonate

the structure of the active site of Bacillus pasteurii

Biologically induced sandstone

To translate all of this incredible possibility to architec-tural design language, I’ve selected at two bacterias, xyli-num which produce microbial cellulose and Bacillus pas-teurii which are available at wet and marsh lands which takes pile of raw sand and create sand stone brick out of it. The chemical process produces Calcite which is a natu-ral cement that combines grains together.

Bacteria from the Acetobacter. Xylinus extrudes glucan chains from pores into the growth medium. These ag-gregate into microfibrils, which bundle to form microbial cellulose ribbons. Various kinds of sugars are used as sub-strate. Production occurs mostly at the interface of liquid and air.

Differences with plant celluloseSome advantages of microbial cellulose over plant cel-lulose include:Finer and more intricate structureNo hemicellulose or lignin to be removedLonger fiber length: much strongerCan be grown to virtually any shapeCan be produced on a variety of substratesThe formula of the media used and the strain of Aceto-bacter xylinum will determine the quality of the pellicleMore absorbent per unit volume -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cellulose

Disadvantages for commercial useSome issues that have prevented large-scale commer-cialization so far include:High-price substrates: sugarsLow volumetric yieldsLack of large-scale production capacityTimely expansion and maintenance of the cell culture for production

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As this is a living organ-ism, the surface is quite elastic and fordable. The form always follows the mould and when I left this material to proper envi-ronment, this one grows spontaneously.

EnvironmentThe room temperature without strong light is the best condition to grow this material. Yeast and mushrooms were combined to accelerate growth throughout this experiment.

Growing/Layer

This goopy guy grows to Z axis through layer by layer like a stratum.

Breathing

This is breathing produc-ing bubbles on the con-tainer’s surface.

Flexible volume

This material shows flexible volume and move-ment depending on humidity

Vein structure

This one forms in-ternal vein struc-ture like a leaf throughout the metabolic process

“Great satisfaction can be gained by taking a worthless material in your hands and altering a way that gives it purpose again.” -Mark Vaarwerk-

For micro-cellulose, I’ve grown during term 1, harvested a thick layer of material after seven days.

Upon observation, finding rule for microbial metabolism like Sedimentation rule, how it breath, its proper envi-ronment, and structure of cellulose.

What started as a fashion project has now evolved into a bio-materials project – we are only just beginning to imagine what other uses there might be for this material. BioCouture,Microbial cellulose, is pioneering a new eco-friendly and sustainable alternative. -Suzzane Lee-

Important thing is, a lot of by products can be produced from this process like what trees did for us.

Medical UsesMicrobial cellulose is biocompatible and non-toxic, mak-ing it a good candidate material for medical applications. So far it has found a commercial role in some

wound dressings. There is on-going research to evaluate a possible role for bacterial cellulose in the following applica-tions.Scaffolds for tissue engineeringSynthetic dura materBladder neck suspensionSoft tissue replacementArtificial bolld vessels

MICROBIAL-CELLULOSE POLYMER

WATERGLUCOSEOXYGEN20°~25°

THE AGENCY OF NON-HUMAN

ACTORS

CITIES FUNC-TION AS COM-

PLEX METABOL-IC SYSTEMS

ADS5URBAN

METABOLIC

In recent years, the question of materiality has re-emerged as a point of serious discussion in both philosophical and ar-chitectural debate. ADS5 ex-plores what is at stake in these questions: in relation to the ecological and aesthetic chal-lenges and possibilities facing architectural practice today.The unit grounded ourselves in the complex networks of Hackney Wick/Fish Island in East London. Adjacent to the Olympic Site, Hackney Wick is a contested urban space where multiple legacy mas-ter plans, (and the develop-ers that they serve), compete with the living and working practices of existing inhabit-ants. The remaining light in-dustry has co-evolved with new communities of artists and makers who had moved into cheap empty spaces over the last decade. Non-human actors have an im-portant stake in the site too; natural marshlands, flood-plains and waterways have been continually reshaped and redefined through cen-turies of human residential and industrial occupation, resulting in a complex eco-logical condition that spans cultural and natural domains.

New materialisms and the timing of space

Rather than relying on any single dogma in thinking about the nature-culture of Hackney Wick/Fish Island, the studio discussed the pos-sibilities presented by a range of critical-philosophical ap-proaches. Urban political

ecology provided on impor-tant source of constructing architectural concepts, with the work of neo-Marxist geographers such as Er-ick Swyngedouw, Matthew Gandy and David Harvey in particular providing key insights and case studies re-garding the ways that cities function as complex meta-bolic systems which are al-ways sites of social and po-litical struggle over resources.

Such approaches were sup-plemented by recent thinkers - broadly described as ‘new materialists’ -whose work typically focuses on how non-human material systems have a complex autonomous agen-cy that shapes and co-evolves with human activity. The vari-ous intellectual legacies of Bruno Latour’s Actor-Net-work Theory provided one important set of models in this regard, while the related approaches of so-called Spec-ulative Realism or Object-Oriented Ontology suggested further methods for re-imag-ining how we conceive of the interdependent relationships. When modeling dynamic systems, time becomes as im-portant as space. The studio memorable phrase ‘a study of the timing of space’ across a range of scales. Human ecolo-gies were examined along with nonhuman circulations;

Microbial material research interface

This project explores the potential of various near fu-ture smart materials, some of which might be ‘grown’ out of the complex material geology of post-industrial area. The semi-living research interface transplanted to dystopian fabric will harvest a new nat-ural-polymer – tested here in real living prototypes – gen-erating a new and valuable resource for the local commu-nity of post-industrial makers.

Like organ transplantation, this interface would con

with processes of material production, building con-struction and use, socio-spa-tial event, and the molecular flows of the river system be-ing mapped with equal signif-icance. Our study might open up new ways to approach ‘the ecological question’ be-yond more conventional ‘sus-tainable design’ approaches.

sists of critical organ, wherenew smart material might be grown and investigated by scientists and few veins which connected with exist-ing context organ. Whole program compose with 3 main part at 2300m2 area. The core of cul-tivating,- main research build-ing located in front of hackney wick station which provide direct research program. Future smart materials could be harvested. The other parts are symbiotic intervention between exist-ing, but dead geology and new semi-living interface.

This bottom up approach questions traditional notions of architectural production as solely ‘building’, instead exploring emerging ecolo-gies of ‘growing’ as a new hy-brid architectural language. Also, this new spontaneous ecology could offer alter-natives for thinking about how we could help the lo-cal community to revive in an era of late capitalism.

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Calcium oxide CaO

heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2

6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + 6H2O

Acetobacter xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii Calcite cement

Acetobacter xylinum structure

CH2OH

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Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photosynthesis far more e�ectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.

Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new smart material.

The architecture has a smart material research pro-gram where new smart material might be grown out of the complex material geology of post-industrial area and investigated by scientists. The semi-living research interface transplanted to dystopian fabric will har-vest a new natural-polymer – tested here in real living prototypes – generating a new and valuable resource for the local community of post-industrial makers.Further research will explore hybrids of new smart ma-terials and materials from existing local buildings and landscape. Buildings at the end of life provide Caco3 powder, minerals, and a water purifier. Empty industrial warehouses generate glucose through algae photosyn-thesis on the gable roof top. Micro-organisms and water are gathered from Lea Canal through glass pipes which also transport harvested materials and by-products.

SMARTMATERIALRESEARCH


Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photosynthesis far more effectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.

Gable roof top transformed to Glucose farm

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“Humans in the developed world spend more than 90% of their lives indoors, where they breath in and come into contact with trillions of lifeforms invisible to the naked eye” In the future, the hypothesis-driven, evidence-based approach to understand the built environ-ment could lead to new kinds of buildings--ones that give us friendlier microscopic neighbors.

Jessica Green_Director of BioBE

APPLICATIONTO PROMOTE

GOOD BACTERIA

Sensors

A VARIETY OF SENSORS ARE POSITIONED ACROSS THE SURFACE AND EMBEDDED INTO THE MATERI-ALS OF THE INTERFACE TO PROVIDE WELL-CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE TO PROMOTE NON-HUMAN

BODIES, ESPECIALLY GOOD MICRO-ORGANISMS.

MICTO MOTION SENSOR

TEMPERATURE GUAGE

David Cronenberg introduced this marriage between biology and technology with the movie eXistenZ. This film’s pods embodies a perfect hybridization of manufactured object and biological organisms. Those pods allowing people to connect and penetrate into a parallel game world. These pods are created by surgeons thanks to mutant organisms. It was also interesting to observe the confrontation of the two architectonic languages used here; the structural one, a chaotic scaffolding supporting the skin/fabric and how those two elements are eventually amalgamat-ing in order to die together. Also, this membrane skin has a function of first-aid protection to keep in side of living system.

Inspired by the mollusks skeletons (e.g. starfish, octopus arm, etc.),and anatomy of game-pod , also natural livings which has feedback system with en-vironment has been researched to mimic their res-piration system & organ composition. The systhetic structure was developed based on the combination of inlucent skin_trsnslucent silicon, pneumatic pres-sure_air compressior, and organ structure which has been mimicked by a anatomy of starfish.

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A mutated amphibian derived from fertilised eggs infused with synthetic DNA lying in water before being mutilated and surgically ressembled into a game-pod. Touching the

game-pod resembles an act of kneading-Neoplasmatic Design,AD-

Inspiration & Structure

THE RESPONSIVE PROTOTYPE HAS BEEN STRUCTURED AND INSPIRED BY THE MOLLUSKS SKEL-ETONS AND ANATOMY OF GAME-POD FROM DAVID CRONBERG’S EXISTENZ.

The agency of the Nonhuman

The core part of the project, semi-living research interface needs proper environment to explore the potential of various near-future smart materials such as nature system –the temperature in a con-trolled area, feed providing and metabolic time.

Hybridized responsive soft-agency, combining atmosphere controller and investigation mem-brane which will be located on a border of urban

petri-dish in a laboratory program.

This will physically respond with decoded affec-tivity of micro-organism through quorum sensing and provides required resource and condition, especially humidity and temperature for micro-

bial material growing.

Urban petri-dish

Laboratory

The agent location

File Name:qqq2Height:76.825 mmWidth:142.950 mmDepth:148.774 mmTriangles:272152Volume:53927 mm3Surface:75606 mm2

Printed with MiniMagics,go to www.MiniMagics.com for a free copy.

Printed with Mini Magic for SLA Printing

Modeling: T-SPLINE 2.0Height: 76.825mmWidth: 142.950mmDepth: 148.774mmTriangles: 272152Volume: 53927mm3Surface : 75606mm2Spreading of mistSugar dissolvingWater tank

Air Canal_ Flex Tube

Respiratory Canal_ Flex Tube

Synthetic Skin_Translucent Silicon

Pyloric Stomach_Object Printing Bone Structure_THK.2mm Acrylic

Cardiac Stomach_SLA

Lung_Mist maker

Solenoid valve

Synthetic Skin_Translucent Silicon

Water Canal_ Flex Tube

Nervous System_Circuit Wire

Nervous System_12v Air compressor

Air Canal_ Flex Tube Inflation state_air flow

Respiratory Canal_ Flex Tube

Shrinking state_air, water flow

INTERNALANATOMY

1. Second weather_atmosphere controller

2. Respond with material growing_monitoring

3. Feed provider

Temperature↑ Humidity↓ → Trigger air compressor & mist maker by sensor → Provide mist keeping proper condition for microorganism → Temperature↓ Humidity↑

Detect a movement of microorganism → Trigger air compressor by sensor → Close solenoid velves → Inflate systhetic skin → Breathing

Tigger pump motor by time sensor → Provide sugar dissolved water to cardiac stomach

INFLATABLESTRUCTURE

Inlucent skin_silicone w/white pigment

Inlucent skin_silicone w/white pigment

Mouth_white object printing

Pyloricstomach_Translucent SLA

Rectum_Translucent SLA

Valves_solenoid valve

Lung_hacked humidifier

Bone structure_3mm acrylic

Canal_polyurethane tube

Rectum_Translucent SLA

Valves_solenoid valve

CIRCUITDIAGRAM

LINE1

MIST DEVICE

AIR COMPRESSOR

LINE2

Bacteria bank #1

Hybridized kinetic interfaceRespond with material growing_monitoring

Acetobacter xylinumBacillus Pasteurii

Atmosphere controllerFeed provider

Synthetic ecology LAB

Microbal stone production Microbal stone production#2

Building resource LABFL + 4

FL + 0

Micro-Cellulous growing petri-dish

Sterile/Dustfree zone

Direct research petri-dish

Microbal growing agents

Bacteria growth incubator


The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.


NH2)2CO

Main core

Ca(OH)2CaCo3

CH2OH Central storageMineral bank #1 Feed bank

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20H20

H20C6H12O6C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

H20H20

H20H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

Absorption of water and mineral salts

Xylem Epidemis

Cambium

Phloem

Stems are structures which support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals, and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant’s vascular system. Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals, while phloem tubes conduct food.

Resource supply and production process of factory mimic plant's vascular system. Like a soil has a role of nutrient store, fertilizer for plant growing, the basement located bottom of petri-dish serve as store to keep water, minerals, micro-organism, feed and resources which are extracted from complex context geology. And stems are structure serve as conduits to carry all of these for smart material research as well as material growing.

Soil,Plant fertilizer, Section

Cross section of stem cell

Nutrient Cycling - Stable Organic Matter Fe Cu P N Co Mo Zn K

SOIL

ROOT_Absorption

SEED_Production

STEM_Nutrient �ow Water conduits

Nutrient supply

Basement_Resource bank

Organic Matter Turnover by Soil Communities

N2, N2O

N2, N2O

H2O

N2, H2O

CO2

Soil microbes breakdown organic matter & release nutrients in return for an energy source

Primary Resource Bank_Arti�cial Soil_Basement

System section

MECHANICAL INTERFACE WOULD BE LOCATED UNDER THE URBAN PETRI-DISH WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO MICROBIAL MATERIAL GROWING SUCH AS MICRO-CELLULOUS.

Primary Resource Bank_Artificial Soil_Basement

Bacteria bank #1







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NH2)2CO

Main core

Ca(OH)2CaCo3


Bacteria bank #1







FL + 0









NH2)2CO

Main core

Ca(OH)2CaCo3


THE PROTOTYPED SOFT MACHINARY EXPLORED THE HYBRIDIZED INTERFACE BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE WITH THE EXPANDING OF GROWING MATERIAL CULTURE. FUTURE ARCHITEC-TURE IS DETERMINED TO PROVIDE WELL-CONTROLLED ATMOHPHERE AS A SECOND NATURE ENGI-NEER BUILDINGS TO PROMOTE GOOD NONHUMAN MATTERS WHICH COULD BE USED TO CHALLENGE TRADITIONAL NOTINS OF ARCHITECTURE PRODUCTION FROM ‘BUILD’, CONSUMING FINITE RESOURCE TO ‘GROW’ AS NEW SPONTANEOUS ECOLOGY.

Primary Resource Bank_Artificial Soil_Basement

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20H20

H20C6H12O6C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

H20H20

H20H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

Absorption of water and mineral salts

Xylem Epidemis

Cambium

Phloem

Stems are structures which support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals, and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant’s vascular system. Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals, while phloem tubes conduct food.

Resource supply and production process of factory mimic plant's vascular system. Like the soil has a role to store nutrients, fertilizer for plant growing, the basement located bottom of petri-dish serve as storage to keep water, minerals, micro-organism, feed and resources which are extracted from complex geology. And stems structure serve as conduits to carry all of these for smart material research as well as material growing.

Soil,Plant fertilizer, Section

Cross section of stem cell

Nutrient Cycling - Stable Organic Matter Fe Cu P N Co Mo Zn K

SOIL

ROOT_Absorption

SEED_Production

STEM_Nutrient �ow Water conduits

Nutrient supply

Basement_Resource bank

Organic Matter Turnover by Soil Communities

N2, N2O

N2, N2O

H2O

N2, H2O

CO2

Soil microbes breakdown organic matter & release nutrients in return for an energy source

Primary Resource Bank_Arti�cial Soil_Basement

GROWING ARCHITECTUREAS

MATERIAL PRODUCTION

Bacteria, Bacillius Pasteurii

1.Concrete crusher blades2.Hydro demolition container

3. Suction wand4. Conveying tube

5.Building at the end of life6.Crushed rainforced concrete

7.Vacuum transfer system8.Hopper inlet9.Main hopper

10. Pneumatic velve11.Electric motor 12.Cyclone system

13. Mineral powders-Caco3, Mg, Fe, Ooid, Peloid,Intraclast, etc14.Mineral bank, Production catalyzer

15. Microbial stone, Dolomite brick production-Microbial factory16.Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier

MICROBIAL BRICK PRODUCTION SYSTEM / BACILLIUS PASTEURII,SAND, CACO3, YEAST, UREA, WATER

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Water/Hot water distribution pipe

1.Harvested bio clothing by grown microbial-cellulose2.BioCouture_Suzanne Lee

3.Urban petri-dish_microbial meterials growing4.Atmosphere controller & bacteria monitoring bacteria

5.Mineral samples storage6.Pump and water tubing system

7.Bacteria culture medium8.Research bench module, 600x2800

9. Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum10. Sugar, Glucose farm through photosynthesis of Algae

11. Glucose - Juice - Carbon treatment - Evaporation12. Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier

MICROBIAL CELLULOSE POLYMER GROWING SYSTEM / WATER, GLUCOSE, OXYGEN, 20~25°

Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum



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UNUSED MATE-RIAL CAN BE

REUSED

This is first imaginative spatial collage which represent engi-neering system with microor-ganism. A high proportion of designers can take harvested materials and contribute to

generate unexpected income without any environmen-tal effect. vitamin fruits and bio-fabric can be harvested and used as a main source of import for local community.

On the ground floor, peo-ple can enjoy drinking Kom-bu tea to keep their health through vertical straw and seven days cycle allow peo-ple to open weekend based

socio-spatial market with infinite byproducts harvested from this new semi-living in-tervention in Hackney Wick.

Socio-spatial event & productivity of micro-organism

The Elevator Gallerywww.elevatorgalley.co.ukMother Post Lane, LondonE95EN

The Wallis Gallerywww.thewallisgallery.euWallis Road London E9 5LN

The Caravan Gallerymobile galleryWhite Post Quay, MainyardLondon, E95EN

The Van GalleryMobile gallertWhite Post Quay, Main yardLondon, E95EN

The Schwartz Gallerywww.schwartxgallery.co.ukWhite Post Quay92 White Post LaneLondon, E95EN

The Top & Tail GalleryFloor above Liquid Gallery55 - 57 Wallis RoadHackney Wick, LondonE95LN

Lee

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100 Studio spaces

20 Studio spaces

47 Studio spaces

24 Art working spaces

48 work spaces

75 Art studio spaces

8 Art studio spaces

Some of the studio buildings house galleries, which draw visi-tors to the area; they are linked through joint shows and shared marketing. The scale and clusters of studio buildings are unique to Hackney Wick. Different buildings have very different ten-ures and so more or less stable populations. These are examples of creative practitioners composite per studio.

340 studios in Hackney wick

Material Trajectory

Hackneywick Overground

4th Day

6th Day

7th Day,

Queen’s Yard

White post LN

Public Footprint

Elevator Gallery

Harvest 5mm x 350.16㎡

Garments : 70 PShoes : 350 PKombutea : 2130 LDesigners good_Totebag : 130 PVitamin : 2000000 PVinegarJuice

The Elevator Gallerywww.elevatorgalley.co.ukMother Post Lane, LondonE95EN

The Wallis Gallerywww.thewallisgallery.euWallis Road London E9 5LN

The Caravan Gallerymobile galleryWhite Post Quay, MainyardLondon, E95EN

The Van GalleryMobile gallertWhite Post Quay, Main yardLondon, E95EN

The Schwartz Gallerywww.schwartxgallery.co.ukWhite Post Quay92 White Post LaneLondon, E95EN

The Top & Tail GalleryFloor above Liquid Gallery55 - 57 Wallis RoadHackney Wick, LondonE95LN

Lee

Nav

igat

ion

Can

al

100 Studio spaces

20 Studio spaces

47 Studio spaces

24 Art working spaces

48 work spaces

75 Art studio spaces

8 Art studio spaces

The translation of series of dichotomies in the Hackney wick into a new self-growing archi-tecture explores the delights and possibilities of sustainable system and time based market program to regenerate the post-industrial region where has the highest designer proportion per square meter in Europe. The new architecture aims to preserve the very essence of an extinct industrial tectonic language and questions the genuine self-sufficiency city in today’s society. Self assembling material such as micro-cellulose is the medium and inspiration for this new way of thinking.

340 studios in Hackney wick

NON HUMAN RE-PLUG IN LIFE TO POST INDUSTRIAL

DYSTOPIA

MATERIAL INFRASTRUC-

TURE

CONSTRUCTIONBY

MICROBIALMETABOLISM

Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve soil strength and stiffness of sand soils.

This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university

BioGrout is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil. Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke a cementation of the sand. BioGrout is porous, this is

one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.

Natural Diagenesis From sand

To stone

BIO-GROUT

Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve soil strength and stiffness of sand soils.

This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university

BioGrout is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil. Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke a cementation of the sand. BioGrout is porous, this is

one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.

Natural Diagenesis From sand

To stone ‘The Wave’ is a geological formation found between Arizona and Utah, in the United states. The pat-tern found in their strata comes from the layering and solidification of sand with differnet properties.

a radical means : materials and manufacturing technology inspired by nature -Damian palin-

When Bacillus Pasteurii are injected between existing sand grains, solidified mass can be achieved through microbial metabolism. The identity of final byproduct through bacteria production is dolomite which shows almost 1.5 times harder than conventional concrete.

CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O - 2NH4 + CO2

Ca2 + CO2 - CaCO3

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1. Bacteria are grown in- or ex situ. 2. Reagents, nutrients and bacteria are transported through the soil.3. Bacteria cause an increase of dissolved carbonate.4. In presence of e.g. dissolved calcium, carbonate minerals will precipitate and form crystals.5. The newly formed crystals change the micro-properties the soil.6. Consequently the macro-properties of the soil are changed.

http://www.geo.uu.nl/~wwwhydro/eua4x_2/van_Passen.pdf

“Additive manufacturing, to distinguish it from old-fashioned subtractive man-ufacturing, that is the shaving away or moulding blocks of raw metal to make engineered components.”

Now 3D printing is Beginning to change the Mass production model That so dominated the

20th century-BBC-

Now 3D printing is Beginning to change the Mass production model That so dominated the

20th century-BBC-

To realize double curved geometry, one of rational and efficient matter recently in-troduced by Toyo ito for his Taiwan opera house project is shotcrete. Even if it saves times and budgets, steel needs numerous steel frame structure, ex-pended metal mesh and temporary pro-tections to avoid polluting the surrounded area with this concrete. Fabric form work could be another recent matter to realize double curve but still have a limitation of shape control during concreting.

Conventional approach

Construction by

MicrobialMetabolismSprayed concrete construction method by Toyo Ito

Conventional approach Low cost freeform building

NO cementNO steel structure

NO Co2Low tolerance

Construction by

MicrobialMetabolism

PorusSand

Calciteinduced bacteria

THE PRODUCED CARBONATE IONS PRECIPITATE IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCIUM IONS AS CALCITE CRYSTALS, WHICH FORM CEMENTING BRIDGES BETWEEN THE EXISTING SAND GRAINS.

Election microprobe image of a thin section of biocemented sandstone. Calcium, carbonate (calcite) crystals have pre-cipitated between the sand grains induced by microbially catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. The sandstone remains porous.

http

://w

ww

.geo

.uu.

nl/~

ww

why

dro/

eua4

x_2/

van_

Pas

sen.

pdf

Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)is a metastable mineral that can be formed as a diagenetic replacement of CaCO3, All it require is permeability, a mechanism that facilitates fluid flow and a suffi-

cient supply of magnesium.Dolomite has a superior harness of 3.5-5 Mohs over calcite. Do-lomite does not react to cold, dilute hydrochloric acid and there-

fore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.

Strength : 3.5-5Moh over calcite. Cf) Medium Concrete : 3-4

Resistence : does not react to cold, dilute acid and therefore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.

Tension : bad like concrete

Color, Pattern : Could be changed by impurities such as copper result in the green mineral malachite. Sedimentary structure

DolomiteProperties

Printed concrete by the Loughborough team led by Dr Richard Buswell

DOLOMITE IS A CARBONATE MINERAL COMPOSED OF CALCIUM MAGNESIUM CARBONATE. THE TERM IS ALSO USED TO DESCRIBE THE SEDIMENTARY CARBONATE ROCK DOLOSTONE

Layer18 Growth-cementation media

Layer17 Bacteria media

Layer16 Couse-grade sand



Layer13 Medium-grade sand












Layer1 Compacted sand

Liquid material_structural inkLow viscosity and superficial tension liquid for normal nozzleBacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspensionH2O

Solid materialSandUrea

Yeast-catalyzer

Suspension Dripping provider

Truss structured 3d printing machine

Electro-pneumatic climbing device

Micro-crystallized shell structure

Dia

gram

by

Pro

fess

or G

inge

r D

osie

r

Liquid material_structural inkLow viscosity and superficial tension liquid for normal nozzleBacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspensionH2O

Solid materialSandUrea

Yeast-catalyzer




Micro-crystallized shell structure

Pixel dimension 5mm

Maximum layer thickness : 60mm

Productivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)

Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m

Areas of printing : 60m x 28m

Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxis

Power consumption : 80kw peak

Pixel dimension 5mm

Maximum layer thickness : 60mm


Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m

Areas of printing : 60m x 28m

Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxis

MICROBIALADDICTIVE

MANUFACTURED DOLOMITE

Empt

y bu

ildin

g

Indu

stria

l war

ehou

se

Mat

eria

l inf

rast

ruct

ure

Rese

arch

inte

rfac

e

340

stud

ios

in H

ackn

ey w

ick Building at the end of life provide

Caco3 powder , minerals, and water puri�er.

The semi-living research interface transplanted to Hackney wick wasteland as urban petri dish to plug in life for post-industrial area.

Hackney wick shows highest concentration of creative industries per m2 in UK. Designers could take this generated materaisls without any charge creating new val- ue for local community.

Empt

y bu

ildin

g #2 Building at the end of life would be

crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new s- mart material.

Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top.

Micro organisms and water are gathered from Lea canal through glass pipe which also transport harveste- d materials and by-products.

Self-assembledmaterial

Synthetic stone Protocell research Growing teeth Achilles Serre Works circa 1926Self-healing conrete

Other minerals : Ooids, Peloids, Intraclasts, and Extraclasts.

'The core of cultivating & research system' -settled wasteland, in front of Hackney wick station. To live and do a direct research in side of semi-living interface, proper environment like nature system is required.

Calcium oxide CaO


6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + + 6H2O

This is minimum number of studios(including live & work) o�ered in HW according to 1 on 1 interview with studio managers and artists. -creative potential /report 07, 2009- Historically Lea navigation canal facillitated the transport

of critical materials such as timber, coal, and cooper which drew people to the thrived area in the late 19 century. -450-thecut-catalogue-

CH2OH

HH

H

H

O

H

OHOH

OH

Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,

Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,

Feed for micro-organism supplyThrough photosynthesisC6H12O6, O2

Material distribution & supplyharvested material to till Fish island using canalwater & micro-organism supply

Material supply&Marketharvested natural-polymerDesigners could take it

sugargreen tea

INGREDIENTS

brewed tea

Do not subject to direct sunlight when brewingAll utensils must be sterilized to avoid contamination

KOMBUCHA CULTURE

symbiotic cultureyeastsbacteria

CULTIVATION

Mother culture is placed in sugar and green tea solution

room temperature

FEED FOR 7DAYS

RELEASING ACIDS

organic acids glucuronic acidgluconic acidlactic acidacetic acidbutyric acidmalic acid usnic acid

Feed o� sugar

NUTRITION

SECONDARY SKIN

HARVEST SKIN

DRY BYPRODUCT

WATER PROOF

vitamins, particularly B vitamins and vitamin Camino acids, enzymes

bubblesthis is result of tapped oxygen

New skin coveringsurface fo the liquid

should avoid water notto be wrinkled

splitting the mother culture

Gantry

Main tube : Aluminum structure 160 x 6, 20kg per meterBracing tube : Aluminum structure 80 x 3, 10kg per meter

THK.10mm STL. PLATEElectric MotorBall-bearing pillow blocks.Thomson supported railsBall screwBolt & WasherBelt

Structural ink

tension liquid. Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension

Bio-Dolomite generater

pixel dimension 5mmMaximum layer thickness : 60mmProductivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m Areas of printing : 60m x 28m Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxisPower consumption : 80kw peak

Magnesium digesting machine

Vacumm waster/powder collection system

Bacteria suspension supply

day75

day90

day105/ 10cm per day

Urea NH2)2CO +Bacillus Pasteurii +

Sporosarcina pasteurii is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of biological cementation.

The design of a complex mechanical system like a Bio-Dolomite generater incorporates multiple aspects of mechanical engineering, from Finite Element

Analysis to digital signal processing. Here are some of the main design considerations and challenges for the project:

Control System: PID Loop with Trajectory Generation

X Axes and Y Axes:

The X and Y horizontal axes will be controlled using PID loops running on a

real-time processor. The reference fed into the PID loop will be generated

The output of the controller will be a PWM signal to the motor drives.

The Z axis is the vertical axis of suructural ink nozzle. For propersupply, the nozzle must always maintain a height from the tip to the part. The nozzle will locate itself

constant during supply, the arc voltage will be measured. Since air acts as a resistor, regulating the voltage to a set point will ensure the height is constant.

Control Hardware

A desktop PC will handle all of the non-real time tasks. It will take in G-code

(machine language) and parse the G-code into an array that the real-time processor can interpret. The real-time processor being used is a National Instruments Single

Board RIO, which also has an FPGA to control the I/O. The PWM output from the FPGA will be passed to the Advanced Motion Control

motor drives. The motor drives will be powered by unregulated power supplies.Mechanical Design: Gantry, Guide System, and Drive Design

Gantry:

The nozzle will be attached to a gantry that travels horizontally along the machine.

The nozzle mount will be capable of moving along the gantry itself, together allowing for complete freedom in two-dimensional space.

The nozzle mount will also be capable of moving vertically to allow for automatic height control. A drive shaft will pass through the gantry to allow for dual-drive with a single motor

in the X-axis.

Guides:

Supported rails will be used to guide the gantry, which will ride on ball-bearing pillow blocks. Guide rails will also be used to guide the nozzle mount motion along the gantry.

prevent binding.

CACO3 + H2O - Dolmite (CaMg(CO)3)2)

Sand SiO2 -

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20H20

H20

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

H20

H20H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

H20

Public Footprint

Construction by Microbial Metabolism


















Layer1 Compacted sand

Low cost freeform building

NO cement

NO steel structure

NO Co2

Low tolerance

Day1 production diagram

Bio-Dolomite generater

Low viscosity and super�cial tension liquid

Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension

H2O, Sand, Urea, Yeast-catalyzer




G.L +7

Local Storage#2, Main hall,

Bacteria LAB#2,3, Toilet

G.L +0

Building Resource LAB, Local Storage 59.5m2,

Teaching LAB&Library, Production Monitoring

CP 38m2, Preparation R.M, Main hall 108m2,

Subhall 60m2, Bacteria LAB#1 76.8m2

Projection R.M 45.3m2, Toilet

B.L

Mineral storage#1-3, Bacteria bank#1-3,

Direct research LAB, Microbial material exhibition

G.L +0, +3.5

Petri-dish#1~5 Micro-cellulose growing

Sterile, Dust free area, Loading bay

Hackney

wick

overg

round

Pedest

rian ra

mp

Urban

petridish

Micr

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ateria

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Structural bacteria by Bi0-Grout Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve

soil strength and stiffness of sand soils. This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in

short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university.

This matter is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil.

Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke

a cementation of the sand.

BioGrout is porous, this is one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.

When Bacillus Pasteurii are injected between existing sand grains, solidi�ed mass can be achieved

through microbial metabolism. The identity of �nal byproduct through bacteria production is

dolomite which shows almost 1.5 times harder than conventional concrete.

Strength : 3.5-5Moh over calcite.

Cf) Medium Concrete : 3-4

Resistence : does not react to cold, dilute acid and

therefore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.

Tension : bad like concrete

Color, Pattern : Could be changed by impurities such as copper

result in the green mineral malachite.

CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O - 2NH4 + CO2

Ca2 + CO2 - CaCO3


White post LN

Material Trajectory

Like organ transplantation, this interface would consist of critical organ, where new smart material might be grown and investigated by scientists and few veins which connected with existing context organ.

Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and healed with new smart material Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply

research resource and healed with new smart material

Production Monitoring CP38M2

Teaching LAB&Library

72.1m2

Local Storage59.5m2

Main Hall108m2

Sterile/Dustfree

PreparationR.M

Sub Hall60m2

Projection R.M45.3m2

Bacteria LAB#1

76.8m2

Loading bay

Petri-dish#2Micro-cellulose growing


Building Resource LAB

OPEN

Free standing equipments

AdminResource supply#2Empty house

400m2Caco3 powder

MineralsTimber grains

Iron

Resource supply#1

Building at the end of life

531m2

Caco3 powder

Minerals

Timber grains

Iron

Resource supply#3Building at the end of life

531m2Caco3 powder


Iron

Hackney wickOverground station

Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and healed with new smart material Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply

research resource and healed with new smart material

Production Monitoring CP38M2

Teaching LAB&Library

72.1m2

Local Storage59.5m2

Main Hall108m2

Sterile/Dustfree

PreparationR.M

Sub Hall60m2

Projection R.M45.3m2

Bacteria LAB#1

76.8m2

Loading bay



Building Resource LAB

OPEN

Free standing equipments

AdminResource supply#2Empty house

400m2Caco3 powder


Iron

Resource supply#1

Building at the end of life

531m2

Caco3 powder

Minerals

Timber grains

Iron

Resource supply#3Building at the end of life

531m2Caco3 powder


Iron

Hackney wickOverground station

INTERFACEBLUEPRINT

Micro-organism bank_Basement of urban petri-dish

WWW PARADISE.RCA

AC.UK“It is better to have your head in the clouds, and know where you are... than to breathe the clearer atmosphere below them, and think that you are in paradise

-Henrt David Thoreau-

PARADISE contemplates the discovery of something or somewhere more wondrous. Rallied by the desire for change and compelled by a dissatisfaction with the present, Royal College of Art students author

their own atlases of Paradise, landscaped by different paths in the quest for a better future.

Via Ventura 4, Milan 2013417 – 22 April 2012, 10am – 8pm daily.

SMART MATERIAL RESEARCH INTERFACE

CREDITS

Work designed byRCA Architectecture dept MA student Changyeob Lee

[email protected]

Changyeob Lee is a designer and art journalist. He has worked as an Architecture Designer and Visualiser, with 4years of experience working in South Korea, Australia and recently Heatherwick studio in London. Currently, he is based in London, continuing to pursue design challenges

through MA research at Royal college of art.

Journal edited by Changyeob Lee

Mechanical support by Wonseok Jung, RCA Design [email protected]

Thanks toJohn Goodbun,Kenny Kinugasa-Tudi,

Justin Lau, Chris Procter, Alex de Rijke, Clive sall, Aran Chadwick, Roberto Bottazzi ,Sir peter cook, Suzzane Lee, Jet panopio, Yeni Kim

THE INTER-DISCIPLINARYJOURNAL 2012

First interdisciplinary materials conference hosted by Royal college of Art

INSPRING MATTER 2012

SMART MATERIAL RESEARCH INTERFACE

Documents

Transcript of SMART MATERIAL RESEARCH INTERFACE