Smart Light Stanford University EE380€¢ “Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is superior to...

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Terabit An Ultrafast Optical Digital Technology 2.28.07 Terabit Corporation Smart Light Stanford University EE380

Transcript of Smart Light Stanford University EE380€¢ “Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is superior to...

Page 1: Smart Light Stanford University EE380€¢ “Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is superior to time division multiplexing ... PowerPoint Presentation

Terabit

An Ultrafast Optical Digital Technology

2.28.07

Terabit Corporation

Smart Light

Stanford University EE380

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• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

Overview

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• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

Background

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Background - Starlite Packet Switch

Pipelined State Machine Architecture (Batcher / Banyan)

• 32 inputs each at 100 Mb/s (1982)

• evolved into AT&T’s First Broadband ATM Switch (1987)

927

92 7

92 7

927

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Background - Free Space Optical Switching / Computing at Bell Labs

4 Gates @ 10 KHz 216 sq. ft. (1984) 48 Gates @ 2 MHz 1 sq. ft. (1985)

4x48 Gates @ 2 MHz 4 sq. ft. (1986) 6x1024 Gates @ 50 MHz (1987)

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Technology - Beyond Electronics

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Sagnac Logic Gate

Input A

Output Y

Output X

Input Bpolarization coupler

fiber loop

counter propagating pulse streams

50/50 coupler

3 db coupler

Output C

polarization coupler

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Sagnac Logic Gate

1.6 Tb/s digital oscillator (Bell Labs 1993)2.5 Gb/s digital loop (Bell Labs 1993)

0-200 200

relative delay (ps.)

100

% tr

ansm

issi

on

Jitter Tolerance (Bell Labs 1992)

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Intensity

Non-linear Transfer Function (Bell Labs 1990)

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Ultrafast All-Optical Time Division Multiplexing

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• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

What and How?

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Methodology - Device

Application

State Machine

Device

“Introduction to VLSI Systems” by Mead and Conway

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Device … Sagnac Logic Gate

Input A

Output Y

Output X

Input Bpolarization coupler

fiber loop

counter propagating pulse streams

50/50 coupler

3 db coupler

Output C

polarization coupler

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Methodology … State Machines

Application

State Machine

Device

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Optical State Machine

electronic optical

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Pipelined WDM Optical State Machine

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Pipelined WDM Relay-Logic Optical State Machine

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“Plumbing” Simulations

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Logic Simulations

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Logic, “plumbing,” and “juggling”

PSPICE model

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power supply

D

D

X

Y

A

B

Time

0s 5ns 10ns 15ns 20ns 25ns 30ns 35ns 40ns 45ns 50nsV(Sagnac1:out_pwr)

-100mV

0V

100mV

200mV

300mV

400mV

500mV

600mV

Time

0s 20ns 40ns 60ns 80ns 100ns 120ns 140ns 160nsV(Sagnac1:out_pwr) V(ABM12:OUT)

-100mV

0V

100mV

200mV

300mV

400mV

500mV

Example: Analog Simulation of Optical Memory Loop

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Example: Analog Simulation of Sagnac “Divide by 4” Circuit

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Minard – Napoleon’s Moscow Campaign(The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Tufte)

How? … Power vs. Time design methodology

Power vs. Time diagram for an interlaced optical state machine

optic

al p

ower

Lcirculator Lsplitter Lcoupler Lfiber_loop Lcoupler Lsplitter

input(λ0 λ1 λ2 λ3)(λ8 λ9 λ10)

noiseASEdependent loss

Ldelay

Pclock_laser

Dcirculator Dsplitter Dcoupler Dfiber_loop Dcoupler Dsplitter

jitter tolerance

inputlclock

input(λ0 λ1 λ2 λ3)(λ8 λ9 λ10)noiseASE

outputvariable

S

DOR_module DLCAD_moduleDclock_module

Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0

Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0

outputvariable

C

optic

al p

ower

input Adependent

lossLfiber_loop

Lcirculator Lsplitter Lcoupler

Lmux

Lcoupler Lsplitter Lcirculator

Ldemux

Lisolator

Lfiber_loopLcirculator Lsplitter Lcoupler

Lmuxinput B

dependentlossLcoupler Lsplitter Lcirculator

Ldemux

Lfiber_loopLcirculator Lsplitter Lcoupler

Lmux

feedbackvariable Cdependent

lossLcoupler Lsplitter Lcirculator

Dfiber_loopDcoupler Dcoupler Dsplitter Dcirculatoror

Ddelay

DdemuxDfiber_loopDmux Dcirculator Dsplitter Dcoupler Dcoupler DsplitterDcirculator

orDdelay

DdemuxDisolator Dmux Dcirculator Dsplitter Dmux Dcirculator DsplitterDfiber_loopDcoupler Dcoupler Dsplitter Dcirculatoror

Ddelay

Ddemux

jitter tolerance jitter tolerance jitter tolerance

DAND_moduleDAND_moduleDsource_module DAND_module

inputλ0λ1λ2λ3λ8λ9λ10

inputvariable

A

inputvariable

B

inputvariable

C

Psource_laser

DOR_module

GOR_amp

DOR_amp

output(λ0 λ1 λ2 λ3)(λ8 λ9 λ10)noiseASE

LdemuxLmux

Dmux

noiseASE

Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0 Ddelay_D0

Hetch Hetchy Hydraulical Map

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Methodology … Applications

Application

State Machine

Device

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How? … matching the speed of electronics to optics … interlacing

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How? … Optical Buffer algorithm

S0

M

P

S1

HD FIFOElement

S0

M

P

S1

HD FIFOElement

S0

M

P

S1

HD FIFOElement

...

B C

DA

input output

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Logic Simulations

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λT

framesync

shutterSagnac

wavelengthconverterSagnac

wavelength todelay converter

t0 data outλ0

λ1

λn

...

t1

tn

λ0

λ1

λn

t0t1tn

λT λT λTλ0λ1λn

t0t1tn

λ0

λ1

λn

t0

t1

tn

Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

fra m es yn c

w a v e le n g thc o n v e r te r

S a g n a c

d e la y tow a v e le n g th

c o n v e r te r

λ 0

λ 1

λ n

...d a ta in

sh u t te rS a g n a c

t0t1tn

λ 0

t0t1tn

λ 1

t 0t1tn

λ n

t0

t1

tnλ 0

λ 1

λ n

...

λ 0

λ 1

λ n

t0t1tn

λ T λ T λ T

t0t1tn

λ 0

t 0t1tn

λ 1

t0t1tn

λ n

t n

λ 0

t1

λ 1

t0

λ n

Page 28: Smart Light Stanford University EE380€¢ “Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is superior to time division multiplexing ... PowerPoint Presentation

Terabit

• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

Why?

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Why? … Smart

State Machines = Logic + Delay = Logic + Memory

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Why? … Speed … Greater than 1 Tb/s

electronics … 50 Gb/s

optics … 1,250 Gb/s

optics = 25 x electronics

1.28 Tbit/s-70km OTDM transmission using third- and fourth-order simultaneous dispersion compensation with a phase modulator, M. Nakazawa, T. Yamamoto, and K.R. Tamura, Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 24, pp. 2027, Nov. 23, 2000.

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Why? … Power, Size, and Cost are independent of the data rate

1 secen

ergy

1 sec

ener

gy

10 Gb/s

100 Gb/s

400 Gb/s

• The power consumption of the Sagnac gates, passive components, and optical amplifiers are independent of the data rate.

• The size of the Sagnac gates, passive components, and optical amplifiers are independent of the data rate.

• The cost of the Sagnac gates, passive components, and optical amplifiers are independent of the data rate.

Power consumption of a Sagnac gate

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Why? … Electronics vs. Optics

pow

er

bits / sec

bits / sec

size

bits / sec

cost

size

bits / sec

optics

electronics

cost

bits / sec

optics

electronics

pow

er

bits / sec

optics

electronics

optics vs. electronics optics

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data rate

pow

er

data rate

pow

er

data rate

pow

er

• Optical crossbar with electronic control (10% optical & 90% electronic) (1999)

• Add / Drop Packet Ring (30% optical & 70% electronic) (2001)

• Optical state machines(100% optical) (2005)

How? … Power as a function of data rate and percent of electronics

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Terabit

• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective … Enabling Experiments

1.6 Tb/s digital oscillator (Bell Labs 1993)2.5 Gb/s digital loop (Bell Labs 1993)

0-200 200

relative delay (ps.)

100

% tr

ansm

issi

on

Jitter Tolerance (Bell Labs 1992)

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Intensity

Non-linear Transfer Function (Bell Labs 1990)

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Historical Perspective … Methodology and Tools

logic

plumbing & timing

methodology

Application

State Machine

Device

plumbing

tools

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Historical Perspective … Optical Time Domain Multiplexing

• Bell Labs 1990 … not 2.5 Gb/s

• British Telcom 1995 … not wireless

• NTT 2000 … not WDM

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physics EE CS

optical state machines

Historical Perspective … Technological Evolution

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Historical Perspective … Paradigm Shifts

• control … electronic −> optical

• multiplexing … wavelength division −> time division

• switching … circuit −> packet

• granularity … circuit −> bit

• representation … analog −> digital

• data rate / bandwidth … electronic −> optical

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Historical Perspective … 20 / 20 Hindsight

• “Electrons (fermions) are for control while photons (bosons) are forcommunications …” (incorrect inference)

• “There is no such thing as optical memory …” (closed minded)

• “Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is superior to time division multiplexing (TDM) …” (lack of perspective)

• “Optics is analog while electronics is digital …” (ignorance)

• “In an optical switch the same photon must come out the other end” … (ignorance)

• “There is no need to go faster than electronics since all the inputs areelectronic …” (lack of imagination)

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Terabit

• Overview• Background• What and How

methodologyoptical state machines

• Whysmartspeedpowersizecost

Historical PerspectiveSummary

Summary

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Summary … Technological Advantages

• Smart … logic and memory

• Speed > 1.0 Tb/s

• Power is independent of the Clock Rate

• Size is independent of the Clock Rate

• Cost is independent of the Clock Rate