Smart Grid Application and Testing Volt VAR Optimization Testing · 2016-01-20 · •Project Goals...
Transcript of Smart Grid Application and Testing Volt VAR Optimization Testing · 2016-01-20 · •Project Goals...
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Pacific Gas & Electric Company
Smart Grid Application and Testing
Volt VAR Optimization Testing
Presenter : Neelofar Anjum Prepared By : Dr. Vaibhav Donde, John Mead and Neelofar Anjum
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Outline
• Smart Grid Distribution Systems
• PG&E Smart Grid Strategy
• Volt/VAR Optimization as a critical
component of smart grid applications
• VVO integration and testing at PG&E ATS
laboratories
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Smart Grid at Distribution Network Level
• Goal is to Improve overall efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of electrical system operations, planning, and maintenance
• Smart Distribution Grid • Controllable using switched
devices, regulators • Optimized for min demand &
losses • Enables demand participation • Variety of sensors, smart
meters, communications • Sustainable using Renewable
Generation
Cap, Reg, LTC PV, EV, DG
Sub automation
DMS
Recloser, sw
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PG&E Smart Grid Strategy
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Targeted deployment
• Extend pilots to targeted roll-outs based on benefits
• Insights used to feed the next cycle of technology deployment
Controlled Pilots • Implement tested technologies in a real-world but
controlled setting to demonstrate value
• Work with customers to prepare for the new technologies and services
Analysis • Standards
• Benchmark
• Industry scanning
• Project Goals & Definitions
Testing • Prototyping and testing of smart-grid
technologies before piloting
• Accelerate technology development and ensures standards compliance early on
• Develop preliminary customer communications to support pilots
PG&E Service Area in Northern & Central California
Implementation Approach
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Volt VAR Optimization
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VVO: Improving Energy Efficiency of Distribution Grids
System Losses (1-2%)
Customer Power Demand (voltage-dependent loads) (99-98%)
Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Problem
Problem Definition: Minimize (System losses + Customer Power Demand)
Subject to: • Power flow equations
(Unbalanced multi-phase system, mesh network possible)
• Voltage constraints (Phase to neutral, phase to phase)
• Current constraints (Cables, overhead lines, transformers, neutral, grounding)
• Operational constraints of actuators (Tap changers, shunt capacitors)
• DG considerations (various types, backfeed, max o/p)
Subject to: • Non-linear: voltage and current are coupled
• Mixed Integer: can’t have half a capacitor on
• Non-convex: can be a localized optimum point that is not true optimum
• Large scale due to multi-phase modeling
=
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VVO Motivation • Reduction of demand typically ranges from 1% - 3.5%
– Cheap alternative to conventional generation – Reduction of total demand and need for peak-shaving generation – No carbon or emission offsets needed
• Reduction of energy consumption ranges from 1.3% - 2% • Reduce reactive power supplied via transmission system • Provide demand response capabilities • Decrease overloading of sub/feeder • Reduced complaints for high/low voltage • Improve customer voltage quality (less flicker) • Increase life of customer appliances by 15% • Lower customer bills by $16.50/year
– Recover like other conservation measures
Source: EPRI Seminar: Smart Control Centers and Feeders in a Smart Grid World (2011)
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Voltage Profile along a Feeder
VVO helps optimize device setting & status for optimal voltage profile and demand reduction
Line Capacitor Line Regulator Substation LTC Load Distributed
Generation
• Voltage regulators and capacitors monitor data and coordinate actions to optimize the line
• Result is lower average voltage and a flatter voltage line
120V
126V
114V
Original voltage
Reduced voltage LTC Cap Reg
ANSI max
ANSI min
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Typical VVO process Typical Field Devices
• LTCs • Primary devices
• Regulators • Cap Banks • Reclosers • EOL sensors
• Secondary devices
• Smart Meters
• FCIs
Monitor Field
Device Data
State Estimation
(if needed)
Optimization algorithms
(VVO)
Control Commands
(Via SCADA)
Validate Execution
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ATS Smart Grid Test Capabilities
• PG&E ATS at San Ramon has advanced capabilities for smart grid technology testing
• High Voltage Test Dome can create up to 720,000 volts with full fog chamber capability
• High Current Test Yard can create up to 80,000 Amperes
• Distribution Test Yard (DTY) • Distribution Technology
Operations Center (DTOC) • Electric vehicles • Modular & renewable
generation
Distribution Test Yard Modular Generation
Customer Applications
Distribution Technology Operations Center
High Current Testing
EV Testing
High Voltage Testing
Radio Communication and SCADA Control
Hardwire and Simulation Controlled
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Laboratory Testing of VVO at ATS
• Distribution Test Yard (DTY) is an integrated facility for evaluation, testing and demo of distribution system smart grid technologies
• Third-party VVO solutions are chosen for integration into DTY, lab testing and pilot
• Integration also involves interfacing with PG&E SCADA and smart-meters
• Hardware in loop testing will ensure safe operation
Three circuit breakers/feeders
DTY can be powered from either a 480 Volts or 21kV Source
Underground Distribution
Overhead Distribution
Regulator banks
Capacitor banks
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VVO Testing Setup • Feeder model is
simulated in CYMDIST • Programmable Power
sources will be used to create the real field conditions into devices from Simulation results or historical data
• VVO receives information from SCADA and AMI and sends new controls to SCADA
DTY
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Challenges
• Data Quality and Availability
• Integration with other Systems
• Closed loop Controls
• Computation Capabilities
• Communication
• Interoperability
• Security Guidelines
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Q & A
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Potential Used Cases