SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY

M. SamathaEEE-3rd yearSridevi Women’s Engineering College

CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO A GRID PROBLEMS FACED BY TRADITIONAL GRID CHANGES MADE TO THE TRADITIONAL GRID SYSTEM SMART GRID ANALYSIS

Functions

Features

Smart house using smart devices

CRITERIA OF USING THIS SYSTEM PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN ADOPTING THIS IN INDIA CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A GRID ??

GRID:

The term grid is used for an electricity system that may support all or some of the following four operations:

Electricity generation Electricity transmission Electricity distribution Electricity control

In India, there are four grids namely-

Northern grid North-eastern grid North-western grid Southern grid

Problems faced by Traditional Grid : Increase in demand for electricity Black outs Less efficiency( Average losses are 26% of total electricity

production ) Use of non-renewable sources of energy Power theft ( Total power theft amounted to about 30.56% every

year) Overloading of system components Lack of reactive power support and regulation services Low metering efficiency and bill collection

Example: Two severe blackouts seen by INDIA by

northern and eastern parts of the country,

The 30 July 2012 India blackout affected over 300 million people and was the then-largest power outage, counting number of people affected , beating the January 2001 India blackout

The 31 July 2012 India blackout was the largest power outage in history. The outage affected over 670million people, about 9% of the world population or half of India’s population, spread across 22 states in Northern India.

When do the demand peak in a Day? Depends on which time of year? There are two peaks:

Day: 11 am to 4 pm Evening: 7 pm to 11 pm

Evening peak is worst most of the year Homes/ shops add to late office hrs

Day peak can be bad in Summer months Air Conditioner is significant load

Systems involving Smart technology:

Smart infrastructure system:

i. Advanced electricity generation, delivery, and consumption; ii. Advanced information metering, monitoring, and management;

and iii. Advanced communication technologies

Smart management system:

Sub system in smart grid – provides advanced management and control.

Smart protection system:

Sub system in smart grid – provide advanced grid reliability analysis, failure protection, security and privacy protection services.

 

Equipment's & technologies introduced:

Some of the new systems depicted below,

SCADA( Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Wide area monitoring systems(WAMS) Conductor/compression connector sensors and also sensors that can detect the faults in a

line Insulation contamination, leakage current sensor Electronic instrument transformer Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) Automated metering infrastructure(AMI)

“SMART GRID”“A smart grid delivers electricity

from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability.”

Centralized Generation

Transmission Network

Supplier Transactions

Inter-Connections

Distribution Network Meters &

Displays

Distributed Generation

Electric Vehicles

Loads and Appliances

Energy Efficiency

Micro-Generation

Consumer Behavior

CONSUMER DEMAND

Smart Grid

Smart Metering / AMI

Goals of smart technology:

Delivery optimization : Efficiency and reliability of the system and equipment are to be

improved for better power generation.

Demand optimization : To improve the power generation as per the demand of consumers

satisfaction and to give continues supply.

Asset optimization : To manage the health of system and machinery from catastrophic

failures( heavy loads on the transformer due climatic changes like in summer).

Functions : Self-healing from power disturbance events:

Automated capabilities to solve the problems like power outages, blackouts due to failure of a substation interconnected with other station leading to failure of the grid, power quality problems.

Enabling active consumer’s participation : Real-time two way communication availability will enable consumers to be compensated for

their efforts to save energy and to sell energy back grid.

Operating resiliently against attack: To avoid electric thefts using smart detectors.

Providing power quality and optimizing assets: Increasing power quality by reducing losses during generation and transmission, reduce

generation cost so that it reduces unit cost for consumer.

Components :Two way communication: Control unit Generation unit

Consumers Control Unit

Smart house

India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF), which is a non-profit voluntary consortium of public and private stakeholders, was launched on 26th May 2010.

Countries promoting smart grid:

Italy – telegestore, annual savings of 500 million euro compared to project cost of 2.1 billion euroAustralia – invested $100 millionCanada – energy conservation responsibility act, 2006China – 5 year plan, WAMSUnited states - energy independence and security act, 2007Republic of Korea – $65 million pilot programEuropean union - smart grid technology platform

Barriers :High investment in deployment of the method(it

requires companies to invest as a part with government to compensate the price).

Risk of security breachesHacking of smart meter data transmissionPotential malicious attacks

Differences created by Smart Grid from Traditional :

Traditional grid Smart gridMostly electromechanical Digital in nature

One way communication Two way communication

Centralized generation Distributed generation

No sensors Sensors are used

Failures and blackouts Adaptive and intelligent

Lack of control Robust control technology

Less energy efficient Energy efficient

Usually not possible to integrate Renewable energy

Possible to integrate renewable energy

Customers have less scope to modify uses

Customers can check uses and modify

CONCLUSIONIn developing countries like INDIA– creates more scope of technology standards improving electricity production, maintenance & reliability.

In the future smart grid will connect everyone to abundant, affordable, clean, efficient, and reliable electric power anytime, anywhere. It will offer the world the best and most secure electric services.

QUERIES

THANK YOU

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