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Transcript of Smart Grid
SMART GRID -CHANGE THE
WAY YOU USE
Presented By:1. Sunil2. Suryakant3. Tanuj4. Umesh5. Urjit6. Vaishakh7. Vineet8. Vivek K9. Vivek N
Introduction History Modernization of T&D Functions Features Information Systems Challenges Present & Future
déjà vu
Existing Infrastructure
Grid inefficiency
Why we need it ?
• If we could make electric grid even 5% more efficient, we would save more than 42 GW of energy: the equivalent of production from 42 large coal fired plants.
Why we need it ?
What is smart grid ?
What is smart grid ?
1 MW SOLAR POWER PLANT
GOVT. ELECT. SUPPLY
PDPU
HISTORY
GRID
Grid is a term used for an electricity network which may support all or some of the following four distinct operations.1. Electricity generation2. Electric power transmission3. Electricity distribution4. Electricity control.
History of smart grid. Technological improvements of the power
system largely rose in the 50s and 60s. Nuclear power, computer controls helped fine
tune the grid’s effectiveness and operability. With today’s technology such as wireless
protocol, network infrastructure the power grid becomes smart grid, capable of recording, analyzing and reacting to transmission data, allowing for efficient management of resources, and cost-effective appliances for consumers.
History of smart grid. 1980s, Automatic meter reading was used 1990s, Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Smart meters used to monitor in real time. 2000, Italy's Telegestore Project - to
network (27 million) of homes using smart meters.
Project cost of 2.1 bn euro annual savings of 500 mn euro
MODERNIZATION OF T&D
Smart Meters: possible for energy suppliers to charge
variable electric rates
Peak curtailment/leveling and time of use pricing
Platform for advanced services
Provide reliability and power quality for the 21st century
Effective routine operations
Effective system planning capabilities
Smart Grid: Transmission and Distribution
The Current T&D System
The Modern T&D System
Smart Grid Technology Areas
1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Meters Two-way Communications Consumer Portal Home Area Network Meter Data Management Demand Response
2. Advanced Distribution Operations (ADO) Distribution Management System with
advanced sensors
Advanced Outage Management (“real-
time”)
Distribution Automation
3. Advanced Transmission Operations (ATO)– Substation Automation
– Geographical Information System for
Transmission
– Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)
– Hi-speed information processing
– Advanced protection and control
– Modeling, simulation and visualization tools
4. Advanced Asset Management (AAM)
– Advanced sensors
– Integration of real time information with other processes
AEF Study T&D FindingsPerformance
Technology
Deployment
CostBarriers
Renewable
Resources
R & D
FUNCTIONS
Funtions of Smart Grid Self-healing Using real-time information from
embedded sensors and automated controls to anticipate, detect, and respond to system problems, a smart grid can automatically avoid or mitigate power outages, power quality problems, and service disruptions
Consumer participation This takes shape in two forms – electricity
production and electricity consumption. One of the many benefits of the Smart Grid is its ability to integrate renewable energy sources into large scale electricity production.
Another is the ability to communicate in real time on a broad scale to signal requests to modify electricity consumption. Both of these benefits have profound, positive impacts for consumers.
Resist attack / Electricity Theft. Smart grid technologies better identify
and respond to man-made or natural disruptions. Real-time information enables grid operators to isolate affected areas and redirect power flows around damaged facilities
Accommodate generation options Integration of small-scale, localized, or on-
site power generation allows residential, commercial, and industrial customers to self-generate and sell excess power to the grid with minimal technical or regulatory barriers. This also improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
Optimize assets and Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources.
Optimized power flows reduce waste and maximize use of lowest-cost generation resources.
Smart Grid technologies will enable power systems to operate with larger amounts of renewable energy resources since they enable both the suppliers and consumers to compensate for such intermittency.
FEATURES
FEATURESLoad adjustment
Demand response support
Greater resilience to loading
Decentralization of power generation
Price signalling to consumers
Load adjustment
The total load connected to the power grid can vary significantly over time
A smart grid may warn all individual to reduce the load temporarily or continuously
It predicts how many standby generators need to be used, to reach a certain failure rate
In the traditional grid, the failure rate can only be reduced at the cost of more standby generators
Demand response support
Allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion in real time, coordinating demand to flatten spikes
Allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low priority devices to use energy only when it is cheapest
Decentralization of power generation
Distributed generation allows individual consumers to generate power onsite
Allows individual loads to tailor their generation directly to their load, making them independent from grid power failures
If a local sub-network generates more power than it is consuming, the reverse flow can raise safety and reliability issues
Greater resilience to loading
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT
INSMART GRIDS
Driving Factors for SMART GRID Reliability and Quality and Supply
Aging infrastructure of Transmission and Distribution Networks
The Environment Distributed resources – Renewable sources Demand side Management
Operational Excellence Information Management Automation
Business Blocks of Smart Grid SMART GRID – Bringing together enabling technologies, changes in
business processes, and a holistic view towards end-to-end requirements of the grid operations.
Consumer-side capabilities and distributed generation technologies form the base.
Achieving Benefit of Smart Grid A large scale implementation of Smart Grid
will have an impact on many utility systems and process spanning over customer services, system operations, planning, engineering and field operations.
Key requirements:Systems InteroperabilityInformation ManagementData Integration
Systems Involved in Distribution Smart Grid
Distributed Resources Distribution Automation Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
SMART GRID brings improvement in the System○ Improved System Reliability
Fully Integrated Outage Management System Trouble Call, CIS, GIS, MDMS, DA etc.
○ Penetration of Distributed & Demand Side Resources Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Resources,
Demand Side Management
○ Asset Management Equipment Condition Monitoring Equipment Maintenance Dynamic Adjustment of Operating Limits
Enterprise Level Integration – DATA ASSETS
Currently Limited Stalled Capacity for Interoperability - Islands of Information
Information – Enterprise Asset
Need of the hour – Enterprise Level Integration of Information to provideSingle, Consistent view of InformationAccurate DataTimely Access
Enterprise Information Integration – Making GRIDS SMARTER
Conceptually…Enterprise Level
Information Integration
Real-Time Notification, Control
and Process Integration
Transaction Based Data Exchange
Hardware Supports Integrated Communications Sensing and Measurement Advanced Components
Sensing and MeasurementReal timeAutomated Meter ReadingAdvanced Metering Infra2-way communicatorLocal mesh networked smart meter has a
hub which interfaces 900MHz smart meters to the metering automation server via landline.
Adjusts supply with demand
Advanced ComponentsPresent Network of DistributionHigh Speed ComputersMobile communication TowersControl System Tools
Echelon NES-Networked Energy Services
ComponentsSmart metersData ConcentratorSystem Management
○ NES Element ManagerInstallation, Monitoring, Performance Measurement,
Meter-to-data assignment, configuration etc.System Software
○ Service Oriented Architecture
Features of NESON demand readingLoad profilingPower Quality MeasurementFlexible Tariffs Eg. time of use, critical peak, real
time, prepayment pricingsRF Extensions into homeT&D faults detectionReal time outage and theft detectionReverse Metering for alternative energyUses Distribution Line CarrierReliability and Scalability30 million Meters Saving 500million Euros/yearly
Partners of EchelonOracleDevelco-RFHCLLackman Metering-Meter HardwareWiMet-Wireless CommunicationZirode-Implementing AMIOnzo-Customer Intelligence
CHALLENGES FOR SMART GRID
A recent project from security consultancy IOActive determined that an attacker with $500 of equipment and materials and a background in electronics and software engineering could take command and control of the [advanced meter infrastructure] allowing for the en masse manipulation of service to homes and businesses.
According to a report in the National Journal last year, hackers in China may have already used what little infotech intelligence there is on the current power grid to cause two major U.S. blackouts.
Security Challenges
Blackout attacks
Data theft
Billing frauds
The Road Ahead..
Greater co-ordination in deployment and security testing
Independent penetration testers
Independent third-party security assessments
Political Challenge "Democratic congressional leaders and the Obama
administration indicated Monday" in "a clean energy conference," which was "focused extensively on the need for a national 'smart' grid," that "they will push for greater federal authority
The Wall Street Journal notes that the move "raises the prospect of conflict between federal energy regulators and state and local authorities, which have typically wielded extensive influence over decisions on the construction and location of new transmission lines."
Utility giants say the U.S. government should have sweeping powers to approve high-voltage lines, especially if they're transporting renewable energy. While states would have input," the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission "would have the final say and could allocate the cost burden among customers in various states.
What needs to be done..
Therefore, an understanding at the National level is required for successful and quick implementation of a project of such scale and scope. Greater transparency and solid policy framework will be needed.
Financing Challenge Installation of 3,000 miles of transmission lines to carry
renewable energy to population centers and 40 million smart electric meters in homes across the United States.
Billions of dollars would be required for any nation of comparable size to fund such a project.
Newly proposed legislation would limit FERC's ability to allocate the costs of new transmission lines. Now FERC chairman Jon Wellinghoff says he agrees that only those who benefit from new lines should pay.
This makes it more expensive and difficult to finance new projects.
Technological Challenge Standardization
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. According to Section 1305 of the act, this interoperability framework “shall be flexible, uniform, and technology neutral” and “align policy, business, and technology approaches in a manner that would enable all electric resources, including demand-side resources, to contribute to an efficient, reliable electricity network.”
Some components, like the Power System Stabilizers (PSS) installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during emergencies, but are only effective if other suppliers on the network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power suppliers don't.
Complex Information & Communication Systems
Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure – for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc
Present & Future Development
Traditional Grid
Features: Grid are based on Large Power Stations Connected to high Voltage Transmission Systems They supply power to Medium & Low Voltage Distribution Systems Power Flow in One Direction No Consumer Participation and end to end Communication
Time Frame Analysis-Pre 2010
Implications In Energy Management Substantial Power & Transmission Losses Ageing Infrastructure in most regions One Way Metering of Consumption
Post 2010
Advantages Several Small generating units Advanced Metering Infrastructure facilitates 2 way Communication Increased Efficiencies Reduced OPEX & Environmental effects
Grids of Future
Features Accommodate Bi directional Flows Safety, Security, Reliability, Power Quality,
Cost of Supply & Energy efficiency –examined in new ways
Liberalization of Energy Markets Benefits of Competition, Choice & Incentives Thus there would be democratization of
energy
SUGGESTIONS AND
QUESTIONS INVITED