SMART DUST

SMART DUSTfrom

K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser, and S. Morris

Presented for Software Design

by Xiaozhou David Zhu

June 22, 2001

Kent state University

SMART DUST

Goals

• Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3

• MAV delivery

• Thousands of motes

• Many interrogators

• Demonstrate useful/complex integration in 1 mm3

SMART DUST

COTS Dust

GOALS:

• Create a network of sensors

• Explore system design issues

• Provide a platform to test Dust components

• Use off the shelf components

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - RF Motes

• Atmel Microprocessor• RF Monolithics transceiver

• 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps• 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%

N

S

EW 2 Axis Magnetic Sensor

2 Axis Accelerometer

Light Intensity Sensor

Humidity Sensor

Pressure Sensor

Temperature Sensor

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - Distributed Algorithms

• 1”, $100 Sensor nodes are easy• algorithms?

-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - Optical Motes

Laser mote

• 650nm laser pointer

• 2 day life full duty

CCR mote

• 4 corner cubes

• 40% hemisphere

SMART DUST

CCR Interrogator

Top View of the Interrogator

CCD Camera Lens

Frequency-Doubled Beam45o mirror

Polarizing Beamsplitter

Quarter-wavePlateFilter

0.25% reflectance on each surface

YAG Green Laser Expander

SMART DUST

Video Semaphore Decoding

Diverged beam @ 300m

Shadow or full sunlight

San Francisco (Coit Tower) to

Berkeley (Cory Hall)

SMART DUST

1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver

Photosensor

Signal ProcessingA/D Conversion

SIPO ShiftRegister

CRC CheckLocal Bus Driver

Off ChipBus Driver

Pixel Array

Put an asynchronous receiver

at every pixel

Funded by DARPA/MTO/STAB

0.25 um CMOS in fab

SMART DUST

Micro Mote - First Attempt

300 um

SMART DUST

2D beam scanning

laser

lens

CMOS ASIC

Steering Mirror

AR coated dome

SMART DUST

6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror

10 20 30 400

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Time (seconds)

Nor

mal

ized

bea

m p

ositi

on

• Open loop control

• Insensitive to disturbance

• Potentially low power

SMART DUST

~8mm3 laser scanner

Two 4-bit mechanical DACs control mirror scan angles.

~6 degrees azimuth, 3 elevation

SMART DUST

Power and Energy

• Sources• Solar cells• Combustion/Thermopiles

• Storage• Batteries ~1 J/mm3

• Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3

• Usage• Digital control: nJ/instruction• Analog circuitry: nJ/sample• Communication: nJ/bit

SMART DUST

Combustion

• Solid rocket propellant

• integrated igniter

• thermoelectric generator

SMART DUST

Dust Delivery

• Silicon maple seeds

• Silicon dandelions

LO

AD

SOI Solar Cell Performance

-6.E-06

-4.E-06

-2.E-06

0.E+00

2.E-06

4.E-06

6.E-06

8.E-06

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Voltage (V)

Cu

rren

t (A

) an

d P

ow

er (

W)

Current

Power

SMART DUST

MAV Delivery

• 60 mph

• 18 min

• 1 mi comm

Built by MLB Co.

6”

8”

SMART DUST

24” Bat

40 mph top speed30 minute loiterautopilot: pressure

sensor, gyros, XLs2 planes, 1 ground station,

in 1 suitcase

spyplanes.com

SMART DUST

Marine LOE 4

3 MAVs participated, 1 flew

7 sortieson station in minutes

SMART DUST

Goal for ‘01

SMART DUST

Virtual Keyboard