PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED BY:-BY:-

Aprna Sabharwal Dr. Aprna Sabharwal Dr. Sajid Hussain Sajid Hussain

Introduction and HistoryIntroduction and History ClassificationClassification How do smart drugs work?How do smart drugs work? Smart drugs delivery systemSmart drugs delivery system ApplicationsApplications Smart drugs and diseasesSmart drugs and diseases Smart drugs in cancer therapySmart drugs in cancer therapy Smart drugs in tooth decaySmart drugs in tooth decay Smart drugs and aging brainSmart drugs and aging brain Health hazardsHealth hazards Future of smart drugsFuture of smart drugs ConclusionConclusion

Smart drugs also referred as NOOTROPICSSmart drugs also referred as NOOTROPICS Were named by Dr. Corneliu E. GiurgeaWere named by Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea Are purported to improve mental functionsAre purported to improve mental functions Includes variety of substances like herbs, Includes variety of substances like herbs,

vitamins, prescribed drugsvitamins, prescribed drugs Work by altering brains supply of Work by altering brains supply of

neurotransmitters, hormones ,enzymes etc.neurotransmitters, hormones ,enzymes etc. Used primarily to improve people with Used primarily to improve people with

cognitive difficultiescognitive difficulties

Increased alertness , mental energy Increased alertness , mental energy and concentrationand concentration

Increased ability to memorize Increased ability to memorize materialmaterial

Greater productivity, organization Greater productivity, organization and planning abilityand planning ability

Improved problem solving abilityImproved problem solving ability Alleviation of depressionAlleviation of depression

Work started in 20Work started in 20thth century century June 9,1992 focus was made on smart June 9,1992 focus was made on smart

drugs as an aid to improve brain powerdrugs as an aid to improve brain power April 11,1996-FDA warned against legal April 11,1996-FDA warned against legal

highs from smart drugshighs from smart drugs 2001,2002,2004,2006 smart drugs 2001,2002,2004,2006 smart drugs

made its entry in treatment of cancermade its entry in treatment of cancer 2005…drug delivery system was 2005…drug delivery system was

revolutionizedrevolutionized

Classification Classification based on based on methods of methods of consumption:-consumption:-

TabletsTablets DropsDrops DrinksDrinks InfusionsInfusions

Classification Classification based on based on derivation:-derivation:-

Natural.Natural. ChemicalChemical

NATURALLY NATURALLY DERIVEDDERIVED

Direct sources Direct sources and supplementsand supplements

Direct hormonesDirect hormones Secondary Secondary

enhancersenhancers

CHEMICALLY CHEMICALLY DERIVEDDERIVED

Caffeine based Caffeine based Ephedrine basedEphedrine based

Increase in Brain metabolismIncrease in Brain metabolism

Increased Cerebral circulationIncreased Cerebral circulation

Protection of brain from Protection of brain from Chemical damageChemical damage

Increased brain metabolismIncreased brain metabolism Example :-linopiridine physostigmine, Example :-linopiridine physostigmine,

tacrinetacrine

Increased cerebral circulationIncreased cerebral circulation Example:-vinpocetine, hydergineExample:-vinpocetine, hydergine

Protection of brain from chemical Protection of brain from chemical damagedamage

Example:- antioxidant therapyExample:- antioxidant therapy

DesmopressinDesmopressin DMAE (di methyl amino ethanol)DMAE (di methyl amino ethanol) CaffeineCaffeine Hydergine and piracetamHydergine and piracetam CholineCholine

Vehicles used for smart drug Vehicles used for smart drug delivery system are as follows:-delivery system are as follows:-

Magnetic nanocapsulesMagnetic nanocapsules DendrimersDendrimers MicrocapsulesMicrocapsules MicroemulsionsMicroemulsions LiposomesLiposomes

One of the smart One of the smart drug releases drug releases antibodies only antibodies only when an infection when an infection invades.invades.

Another example of Another example of smart drug is smart drug is immunotoxin.immunotoxin.

Viral gene therapy Viral gene therapy is another variation is another variation ofof smart drugs.smart drugs.

A new class of cancer drugs often called as A new class of cancer drugs often called as smart drugs, targets the genetic cascade, smart drugs, targets the genetic cascade, jamming it up at various points.These smart jamming it up at various points.These smart drugs act by:-drugs act by:-

Directly disrupting tumor cell replication Directly disrupting tumor cell replication machinery.machinery.

Other block growth signals from reaching Other block growth signals from reaching the cells.the cells.

One class of smart drugs even cut off One class of smart drugs even cut off tumors blood supply starving them to deathtumors blood supply starving them to death..

Streptococcus mutansStreptococcus mutans is the main is the main organism for most of the tooth related organism for most of the tooth related problems.problems.

Wenyuan Shi of the university of Wenyuan Shi of the university of California ,L.A, has created an California ,L.A, has created an antimicrobial agent that spares antimicrobial agent that spares commensal bugs.commensal bugs.

Unlike the traditional antibiotics that also Unlike the traditional antibiotics that also kill the friendly bacteria.kill the friendly bacteria.

The anti-Parkinson and anti-aging The anti-Parkinson and anti-aging drug DEPRENYL for example acts drug DEPRENYL for example acts primarily on the brain .primarily on the brain .

Down regulation of neurological Down regulation of neurological activity upon stimulationactivity upon stimulation

Serotonin syndrome from Serotonin syndrome from serotonergic agentsserotonergic agents

Excessive acetylcholine receptor Excessive acetylcholine receptor activationactivation

Heart failureHeart failure Organ failure such as liver ,kidney Organ failure such as liver ,kidney

failurefailure

AmpakinesAmpakines

HT-0712HT-0712

Gene therapy Gene therapy

Smart drugs seem to be very Smart drugs seem to be very promising in increasing brains promising in increasing brains sharpness, memory.sharpness, memory.

The side effects observed are The side effects observed are very rare and few in comparison to very rare and few in comparison to the benefits they provide. The fate of the benefits they provide. The fate of these drugs not only depends upon these drugs not only depends upon the drug itself but also upon the the drug itself but also upon the user.user.