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Smart City Principles

Leader Urban Planning and Design LAB

Director SmartCityStudio.comHead of the Faculty of Urban Planning in AmsterdamLecturer at Delft University of Technology

Rogier van den Berg

UN-HABITAT IN THE WORLD

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UN-Habitat in the world

Asia & Pacific Regional Office, Fukuoka

Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC) Regional Office, Rio de Janeiro

Headquarters, Nairobi

Liaison Office, New York

Liaison Office, Geneva

Liaison Office, Brussels

In addition to our main offices, UN-Habitat is present

in at least 50 countries through a network of Habitat Program Managers (HPMs),

Chief Technical Advisors (CTAs) and project staff.

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HOW WE ARE ORGANIZED

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Johannesburg, South Africa

Rubavu, Rwanda

Al-Alamein, Egypt

Kisumu, Kenya

Wuzhou, China

La Candelaria, Colombia

Nyagatare Rwanda

Ningo-Prampram, Ghana

Santa Marta, Colombia

City-wide Strategy

Planned City Extension

New Town

Planned City Extension

City-wide Strategy

Planned City Infill / Urban Renewal

Planned City Extension

Planned City Extension

Planned City Extension

Selection of projects in development

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20th Century Urban Development Model not sustainable

• Rapid unmanaged and unplanned urban growth• Slums and Housing Backlog• Urban infrastructure and services backlog• Urban Sprawl

• Car Dependency• High level of zoning• Homogeneity • Segregation and exclusion• Loss of Street Life• High energy demand and emission of greenhouse gases• Increasing number of urban disasters

Business as Usual vs Smart Urban Development

Urban Sprawl -> Compactness

Segregation -> Integration

Congestion -> Connectivity

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1. ADEQUATE SPACE FOR STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACE IN AN EFFICIENT STREET NETWORK- 30-35% to the street 15-20% public space / 50 % plots.- At least 18 km of street length. - At least 80 crossings per km2

2.MIXED LAND USE- At least 40 percent of floor space allocated to economic use- Limited land-use specialization; single use blocks should cover less than 10% of any neighborhood

3.SOCIAL MIX- 20-50% of residential area should be low cost housing- Each tenure type should be not more than 50% of the total

4.ADEQUATE DENSITYAt least 15.000 people per km2, that is 150 people/ha

5.CONNECTIVITYEmphasis on walking distances and public transport

5PRINCIPLES

21st Century Urban Development Model

9 Tehran, Iran

10 Accra, Ghana

11 Medellin, Colombia

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Urban Challenges:Global Urbanization Rates (2010)

1414

The general decline in built-up area densities in 25 representatives cities

Source: Making Room for a Planet of cities

Urban Challenges:Density Decline

Daily Trips vs. Population Density

Reduce need to travel through proximity

Mosco

w

Auckl

and

Sain

t Pet

ersb

urg

Phoe

nix

Calga

ry

Copen

hage

n

Los Ang

eles

Helsin

ki

Was

hing

ton,

D.C

.

Bruss

els

Sydn

ey

Melbo

urne

Athen

s

Montre

al

Amst

erda

m

Paris

Lond

on

Barce

lona

Toro

nto

New Y

ork

5.0

15.0

25.0

35.0City core Sub-urban areas

Cities

Perc

enta

ge o

f Land a

llocate

d t

o s

treet

Land allocated to streets (LAS) in cities Europe, N-America & Oceania

Land Allocated to Streets

New York: 35%Amsterdam: 28%

LA: 23%

Bangu

i

Yere

van

Dhaka

Dar e

s Sal

aam

Kigal

i

Accra

Nairo

bi

Ouaga

doug

ou

Georg

etow

n

Alexa

ndria

Guate

mal

a City

Dodom

a

Addis A

baba

Lago

s

Dakar

Abuja

Kolko

ta

Mumba

i

Manila

La P

az

Joha

nnes

burgCai

ro

Chand

igar

h

Bangk

ok

Casab

lanc

a

Brasil

ia

Beijin

g

Sao

Paul

o

Sing

apor

e

Guada

laja

ra

Mexico

City

Bogot

a

Medel

lin

Cape

Town

Toky

o

Hong

Kong

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0City Core

Sub-Urban

Cities

Perc

enta

ge o

f Land a

llocate

d t

o s

treet

Land Allocated to Streets

Land allocated to streets (LAS) in cities Africa, Asia and Latin America

New York: 35%Amsterdam: 28%

LA: 23%

Tokyo: 30%Bangkok: 17%

Dar es Salaam: 10%

NOW: Average ‘Block’ = 10 ha, while the average block for a pedestrian friendly city = 0.5 - 1.0 ha

Case study of how more street space and crossings per square km changes the development pattern

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PlannedCity

ExtensionPCE

Bralirwa

Serena

petite barriere

grande barriere

stadium

RUGERERO

RUBAVU

GISENYI

KANAMA

NYUNDO

NYAKILIBA

NYAMYUMBA

Pfunda

genocide memorial

Mount Rubavu

to Kigali

Rubavu, Rwanda, Africa

THREE LEGGED APPROACH

1. Rules and Regulations

2. Urban Design

3. Financial Plan

Form that generates value. Good rules and regulations and a financial plan that manages value and attracts

investment.

FINANCIAL PLAN

URBAN DESIGN

23 New York 1891

24 New York 2014

25 Ouagadougou 1980

26 Ouagadougou 2014

Villa El Salvador, Equador

29 Shanghai 1983

30 Shanghai 2008

Myanmar 2015

THREE LEGGED APPROACH

1. Rules and Regulations

2. Urban Design

3. Financial Plan

Form that generates value. Good rules and regulations and a financial plan that manages value and attracts

investment.

FINANCIAL PLAN

URBAN DESIGN

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1. ADEQUATE SPACE FOR STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACE IN AN EFFICIENT STREET NETWORK- 30-35% to the street 15-20% public space / 50 % plots.- At least 18 km of street length. - At least 80 crossings per km2

2.MIXED LAND USE- At least 40 percent of floor space allocated to economic use- Limited land-use specialization; single use blocks should cover less than 10% of any neighborhood

3.SOCIAL MIX- 20-50% of residential area should be low cost housing- Each tenure type should be not more than 50% of the total

4.ADEQUATE DENSITYAt least 15.000 people per km2, that is 150 people/ha

5.CONNECTIVITYEmphasis on walking distances and public transport

5PRINCIPLES

21st Century Urban Development Model

34 Medellin, Colombia

5 Principles

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3 Legged Approach

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New Technologies

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Smart City Principles

Leader Urban Planning and Design LAB

Director SmartCityStudio.comHead of the Faculty of Urban Planning in AmsterdamLecturer at Delft University of Technology

Rogier van den Berg

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Smart City Principles

5 Principles for Sustainable Urban Development

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3 Legged Approach

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New Technologies

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40 The link between urban growth and economic growth is not guaranteed.

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Public Space: 12% Public Space: 11%Public Space: 39% Public Space: 20%

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19031929196619852000

Source: Atlas of Urban Expansions, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

ACCRA

TEMA

PRAMPRAM

ACCRA GROWTH

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URBAN EXPANSIONCURRENTLY OBSERVED EXPANSION

source: Google Maps 2015

Projected population Accra 2025: 4.228.000, UN Habitat 2014, State of African Cities

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2025

2035

2045

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