SMALL WIND ELECTRIC SYSTEMS

By -Gandla Radha Krishna

14071D4306

OVERVIEW :• INTRODUCTION• Wind energy requirements• Basic parts• Different sizes of wind turbine• Balance of the system• Amount of energy generation from system• Success story's• Mini wind turbines• references

INTRODUCTION :• Right now, 10% of the worlds energy comes from

renewable sources. . (Wind, biomass fuels, etc.) • By 2030, we plan to double that, to 20%. Wind

energy makes 40% of that 10%.• Wind energy systems are one of the most cost-

effective home based renewable energy systems.• Depending on your wind resource, by using small

wind energy system can lower electricity bill to 50% to 90%.

As of now INDIA is generating 21264MW energy through wind installation

Small wind energy requirements :• Your property has good wind resource

• Your home or business is located on at least one acre of land in rural area

• Your property is in a remote location without easy access to utility lines

• You are comfortable with long-term investments

Basic parts :• Home wind energy systems generally comprise a

rotor, a generator or alternator mounted on a frame, a tail (usually), a tower, wiring, and the “balance of system” components: controllers, inverters, and/or batteries.

wind turbine :• Most turbines manufactured today are

horizontal axis upwind machines with two or three blades

• The amount of power a turbine will produce is determined primarily by the diameter of its rotor.

Tower :• Because wind speeds increase with height,

the turbine is mounted on a tower. • In general, the higher the tower, the more

power the wind system can produce.

Different sizes of wind turbine :

Table 1.Small wind applications

• For small wind electric systems , turbines ranging from smaller than 1000 Watts (W) up to 300 kilowatts (kW).

• Turbine “size” is given in terms of rated capacity: the net level of power (in Watts, or kilowatts)

Market Segment Size Applications

Battery charging /Off-grid

<5 kW Pumps/irrigation systems;telecommunications,navigation, area lighting;small remote sites and lightseasonal loads*

Residential(grid-connected)

1-10 kW Residential, small business, heavy seasonal loads

Farm / rural business,(grid-connected)

>10-300 kW

Institutional Farm, institutional

Balance of the system :

There are two types :• Grid connected systems• Stand alone systemsGrid connected system :

Stand alone system :• Hybrid wind energy systems can provide reliable

off-grid power for homes, farms, or even entire com-munities (a co-housing project, for example) that are far from the nearest utility lines.

Amount of energy generation from system :

Based on the above formulae's we can decide whether the system is cost manageable and predict useful or not

Rotor area is directly proportional to power generation

Power generation increases with increase in Height of the tower

• If 10KW wind turbine increases its tower height from 60 feet to 100ft, cost increases by 10% but efficiency increases by 29%.

• But there is a disadvantage by increasing tower height, that is if a hurricane occurs total system will damage.

• Hence we use tilt down towers

Success story's :

Mini wind turbines :

References :• Small Wind Systems Includes answers to frequently asked

questions and information on U.S. manufacturers. www.awea.org/smallwind.html

• Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy www.dsireusa.org

• Green Power Network Net Metering Net metering programs are now avail-able in more than 35 states. www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/ markets

• Small Wind “Talk” on the Web AWEA’s Home Energy Systems electronic mailing list is a forum for the discussion of small-scale energy systems that include wind. To subscribe, send a subscription request to awea-windhome-subscribe@egroups.com.

• Wind Energy for Homeowners This Web page covers items you should consider before investing in a small wind energy system and provides basic information about the systems. www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/home_ wind.html

Thank you