Small Hive Beetle
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Transcript of Small Hive Beetle
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Small Hive Beetle (SHB): Aethina tumida Murray
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First described in 1867
Native to Africa
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In its native range
Secondary pest due to:
• Absconding
• Aggression
• Removal of eggs
• Encapsulation
• Patrolling
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U.S. Invasion History
• First report from an apiary in St. Lucie, Florida in 1998
• Unidentified specimens found in South Carolina in 1996
• Were found in apiaries in Georgia less than one year later
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Range
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So what’s the BIG deal?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVwZV5xqV5k
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Why so successful?
• European bees have different behavior
• Different climate
• Efficient in long range transportation – Movement of infested colonies
– Migratory beekeeping
– Package bees
– Beekeeping equipment
• Overwinter in honey bee cluster – Short cut in life history???
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Host finding
• Good flyers
• Can detect stressed colonies
13-16 km
• Also attracted to adults, honey and pollen
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Host intrusion • Small nest entrances easier to defend
• Beekeeping activities can exacerbate intrusion
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Life cycle
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Description= larvae 10-16 days to mature
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Description of pupae
Pupation 3-4 weeks
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Description= Adult
• Order Coleoptera: Family Nitidulidae
– Sap beetles (~2800 described species)
• Adults broad, flattened. 5.7 mm long x 3.2 mm wide
• Move quickly and difficult to pick up
• The like the dark and hide
• Begin egg laying a week after emergence
• Can have 4-5 generations a year
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Infestations
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Damage
• Destruction of stored bee products
• Slimy comb!
• Fermented honey
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Alternative food sources
• Fruit: cantaloupe, avocado, grapefruit
However, they develop and reproduce on honey bee pollen
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Behavior
• Defense posture- turtle like
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Behavior
• Dropping
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Behavior
• Hiding
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Behavior
• Escape
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Behavior
• Egg laying in small gaps
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Behavior
Trophollactic mimicry
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Control
• Sanitation
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Control
• Apiary location
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Control
• Trapping
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Control
•Trapping
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Control
• Chemical
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Control
• Mechanical: diatomaceous earth
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Control
• Biological
• five million nematodes treats ~10 hives
• Genera Steinernematidae & Heterorhabditidae
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Control
• Biological
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• An approach that combines the use of chemicals, biological control methods and cultural control methods to keep pest levels below the economic threshold while having minimal effects on biological complexes.
IPM coined in 1972
Integrated Pest Management
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My Method: BEETLE BOPPING
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Questions
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