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Pr inc ip les o f Geography

Phys ica l Geography

i ) Geomorpho logy : Fac tors cont ro l l i ng landform

deve lopment ; endogenet i c and exogenet i c fo rces ;

Or ig in and evo lu t io n o f the ear th s c rus t ;

Fundamenta ls o f geomagnet i sm; Phys ica l

cond i t ions o f the ear th s in te r io r ; Geosync l ines ;

Cont inenta l d r i f t ; I sos tasy ; P la te tec ton ics ;

Recent v iews on mounta in bu i ld ing ; Vu lcan ic i t y ;

Ear thquakes and Tsunamis ; Concepts o f

geomorph ic cyc les and Landscape deve lop ment ;

Denudat ion chrono logy ; Channe l morpho logy ;

Eros ion sur faces ; S lope deve lopment ;App l ied

Geomorpho logy : Geohydro logy , economic geo logy

and env i ronment

i i ) C l imato logy : Tempera ture and pressure be l t so f the wor ld ; Heat budget o f the ear th ;

A tmospher ic c i rcu la t ion ; a tmospher ic s tab i l i t y and

ins tab i l i t y . P lanetary and loca l w inds ; Monsoons

and je t s t reams; A i r masses and f ron to genes is ,

Tempera te and t rop ica l cyc lones ; Types and

d is t r ibu t ion o f p rec ip i ta t ion ; Weather and

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Cl imate ; Koppen s , Thorn thwa i te s and

Trewar tha s c lass i f i ca t ion o f wor ld c l imates ;

Hydro log ica l cyc le ; G loba l c l imat i c change andro le and response o f man in c l imat i c changes ,

App l ied c l imato logy and Urban c l imate .

i i i ) Oceanography : Bot tom topography o f the

At lan t i c , Ind ian and Pac i f i c Oceans ; Tempera ture

and sa l in i t y o f the oceans ; Heat and sa l t budgets ,

Ocean depos i t s ; Waves , cur ren ts and t ides ;

Mar ine resources : b io t i c , m inera l and energy

resources ; Cora l ree fs , cora l b leach ing ; sea leve l

changes ; law o f the sea and mar ine po l lu t ion .

i v ) B iogeography : : Genes is o f so i l s ;

C lass i f i ca t ion and d is t r ibu t ion o f so i l s ; So i l

p ro f i l e ; So i l e ros ion , Degradat ion and

conserva t ion ; Fac tors in f luenc ing wor ld

d is t r ibu t ion o f p lan ts and an imals ; P rob l ems o f de fores ta t ion and conserva t ion measures ; Soc ia l

fo res t ry ; agro- fo res t ry ; Wi ld l i f e ; Ma jor gene poo l

cent res .

v ) Env i ronmenta l Geography : P r inc ip le o f

eco logy ; Human eco log ica l adapta t ions ; In f luence

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of man on eco logy and env i ronm ent ; G loba l and

reg iona l eco log ica l changes and imba lances ;

Ecosys tem the i r management and conserva t ion ;Env i ronmenta l degradat ion , management and

conserva t ion ; B iod ivers i t y and sus ta inab le

deve lopment ; Env i ronmenta l po l i cy ;

Env i ronmenta l hazards and remedia l measures ;

Env i ronmenta l educat ion and leg is la t ion .

Human Geography

i ) Perspec t i ves in Human Geography : A rea l

d i f fe ren t ia t ion ; reg iona l syn thes is ; D ichotomy and

dua l i sm; Env i ronmenta l i sm; Quant i t a t i ve revo lu t

ion and loca t iona l ana lys is ; rad ica l , behav ioura l ,

human and we l fa re approaches ; Languages ,

re l ig ions and secu lar i sa t ion ; Cu l tu ra l reg ions o f

the wor ld ; Human deve lopment index .

i i ) Economic Geograph y : : Wor ld economic

deve lopment : measurement and prob lems; Wor ld

resources and the i r d is t r ibu t ion ; Energy c r i s i s ;

the l im i t s to g rowth ; Wor ld agr i cu l tu re : t ypo logy

of agr i cu l tu ra l reg ions ; agr i cu l tu ra l i npu ts and

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produc t i v i t y ; Food and nu t r i t i on prob lems; Food

secur i t y ; famine: causes , e f fec ts and remedies ;

Wor ld indus t r ies : loca t iona l pa t te rns andprob lems; pa t te rns o f wor ld t rade.

i i i ) Popu la t ion and Set t lement Geography : Growth

and d is t r ibu t ion o f wor ld popu la t ion ; demograph ic

a t t r ibu tes ; Causes and consequences o f

m igra t ion ; concepts o f over - under -and op t imum

popu la t ion ; Popu la t ion theor ies , wor ld popu la t ion

prob lems and po l i c ies , Soc ia l we l l -be ing and

qua l i t y o f l i f e ; Popu la t ion as soc ia l cap i ta l . Types

and pat te rns o f ru ra l se t t lements ; Env i ronmenta l

i ssues in ru ra l se t t lements ; H ie rarchy o f u rban

set t lements ; Urban morpho logy : Concepts o f

p r imate c i t y and rank -s ize ru le ; Func t iona l

c lass i f i ca t ion o f towns ; Sphere o f u rban

in f luence; Rura l - u rban f r inge; Sate l l i t e towns ;

Prob lems and remedies o f u rban iza t ion ;

Sus ta inab le deve lopment o f c i t i es .i v ) Reg iona l P lann ing : Conce pt o f a reg ion ; t ypes

of reg ions and methods o f reg iona l i sa t ion ; g rowth

cent res and growth po les ; reg iona l imba lances ;

env i ronmenta l i ssues in reg iona l p lann ing ;

p lann ing fo r sus ta inab le deve lopment .

v ) Mode ls , Theor ies and Laws in Human

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Geography : Sys tem ana lys is in Human

Geography ; Ma l thus ian , Marx ian and

Demograph ic Trans i t ion mode ls ; Cent ra l P lacetheor ies o f Chr is ta l le r and Losch; Von Thunen s

mode l o f agr i cu l tu ra l l oca t ion ; Weber s mode l o f

i ndus t r ia l l oca t ion ; Ros tov s mode l o f s tages o f

g rowth . Hear t - land and R imland theor ies ; laws o f

in te rna t iona l boundar ies and f ron t ie rs .

Note : Cand ida tes w i l l be requ i red to answer one

compulsory map ques t ion per t inent to sub jec ts

covered by th is paper .

PART I I

Geography Of Ind ia

1 . Phys ica l Set t ing :

Space re la t ionsh ip o f Ind ia w i th ne ighbor ing

count r ies ; S t ruc ture and re l ie f ; D ra inage sys tem

and watersheds ; Phys iograph ic reg ions ;

Mechan ism o f Ind ian monsoons and ra in fa l l

pa t te rns , T rop ica l cyc lones and wes tern d is tu r -

bances ; F loods and droughts ; C l imat i c reg ions ;

Natura l vegeta t ion ; So i l t ypes and the i r

d is t r ibu t ions .

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2 . Resources :

Land, sur face and ground water , energy ,

minera ls , b io t i c and mar ine resources ; Fores t and

wi ld l i f e resources and the i r conserva t ion ; Energy

c r i s i s .

3 . Agr i cu l tu re :

In f ras t ruc ture : i r r i ga t ion , seeds , fe r t i l i ze rs ,

power ; Ins t i tu t iona l fac to rs : land ho ld ings , land

tenure and land re fo rms ; Cropp ing pa t te rn ,

agr i cu l tu ra l p roduc t i v i t y , agr i cu l tu ra l i n tens i t y ,

c rop combinat ion , land capab i l i t y ; Agro and

soc ia l fo res t ry ; Green revo lu t ion and i t s

soc ioeconomic and eco log ica l imp l i ca t ions ;

S ign i f i cance o f d ry fa rming; L ives tock resources

and wh i te revo lu t ion ; aqua - cu l tu re ; ser i cu l tu re ,

ap icu l tu re and pou l t ry ; agr i cu l tu ra l reg iona l i sa t

ion ; agro-c l imat i c zones ; agro- eco log ica l

reg ions .

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4 . Indus t ry :

Evo lu t ion o f indus t r ies ; Locat iona l fac to rs o f

co t ton , ju te , tex t i l e , i ron and s tee l , a lumin ium,

fe r t i l i ze r , paper , chemica l and pharmaceut i ca l ,

au tomobi le , co t tage and agro-based indus t r ies ;

Indus t r ia l houses and complexes inc lud ing pub l i c

sec tor under tak ings ; Indus t r ia l reg iona l i sa t ion ;

New indus t r ia l po l i c ies ; Mu l t ina t iona ls and

l ibera l i za t ion ; Spec ia l Economic Zones ; Tour ism

inc lud ing eco - tour i sm.

5 . T ranspor t , Communica t ion and Trade:

Road, ra i lway , waterway , a i rway and p ipe l ine

networks and the i r complementary ro les in

reg iona l deve lopment ; Grow ing impor tance o f

por ts on na t iona l and fo re ign t rade; T rade

ba lance; T rade Po l i cy ; Expor t p rocess ing zones ;

Deve lopments in communica t ion and in fo rmat ion

techno logy and the i r impac ts on economy and

soc ie ty ; Ind ian space programme.

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6. Cu l tu ra l Set t ing :

H is to r i ca l Perspec t i ve o f Ind ian Soc ie ty ; Rac ia l ,

l i ngu is t i c and e thn ic d ivers i t i es ; re l ig ious

minor i t i es ; ma jor t r ibes , t r i ba l a reas and the i r

p rob lems; cu l tu ra l reg ions ; Growth , d is t r ibu t ion

and dens i t y o f popu la t ion ; Demograph ic

a t t r ibu tes : sex - ra t io , age s t ruc ture , l i t e racy ra te ,

work - fo rce , dependency ra t io , l ongev i t y ;

m igra t ion ( in te r - reg iona l , i n t ra - reg iona l and

in te rna t iona l ) and assoc ia ted prob lems;

Popu la t ion prob le ms and po l i c ies ; Hea l th

ind ica tors .

7 . Set t lements :

Types , pa t te rns and morpho logy o f ru ra l

se t t lements ; Urban deve lopments ; Morpho logy o f

Ind ian c i t i es ; Func t iona l c la ss i f i ca t ion o f Ind ian

c i t i es ; Conurbat ions and met ropo l i tan reg ions ;

urban spraw l ; S lums and assoc ia ted prob lems;

town p lann ing ; Prob lems o f u rban iza t ion and

remedies .

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8 . Reg iona l Deve lopment and P lann ing :

Exper ience o f reg iona l p lann ing in Ind ia ; F ive

Year P lans ; In tegra ted ru ra l deve lopment

programmes; Panchayat i Ra j and decent ra l i sed

p lann ing ; Command area deve lopment ;

Watershed management ; P lann ing fo r backward

area ,deser t , d rought p rone, h i l l , t r i ba l a rea

deve lopment ; mu l t i - l eve l p lann ing ; Reg iona l

p lann ing and deve lopment o f i s land te r r i to r ies .

9 . Po l i t i ca l Aspec ts :

Geograph ic a l bas is o f Ind ian federa l i sm; S ta te

reorgan isa t ion ; Emergence o f new s ta tes ;

Reg iona l consc iousness and in te r s ta te i ssues ;

in te rna t iona l boundary o f Ind ia and re la ted

issues ; Cross border te r ro r i sm; Ind ia s ro le in

wor ld a f fa i rs ; Geopo l i t i cs o f South As ia and

Ind ian Ocean rea lm.

10. Contemporary I ssues :

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Eco log ica l i ssues : Env i ronmenta l hazards :

lands l ides ear th quakes , Tsunamis , f l oods and

droughts , ep idemics ; I ssues re la t ing to

env i ronmenta l po l lu t ion ; Changes in pa t te rns o f

land use; Pr inc ip les o f env i ronmenta l impac t

assessment and env i ronmenta l management ;

Popu la t ion exp los ion and food secur i t y ;

Env i ronmenta l degradat ion ; Defores ta t ion ,

deser t i f i ca t ion and so i l e ros ion ; Prob lems o f

agrar ian and indus t r ia l unres t ; Reg iona l

d ispar i t i es in economic deve lopment ; Concept o f

sus ta inab le g rowth and deve lopment ;

Env i ronmenta l awareness ; L inkage o f r i vers ;

G loba l i sa t ion and Ind ian economy.

NOTE: Cand ida tes w i l l be requ i red to answer one

compulsory map ques t ion per t inent to sub jec ts

covered by th is paper