1.Histology Slide list Thank You Sanjar!from the 0nizzy

2. The Cell -- Begins

Nuclear Membraneandnuclear pore note the heterochromatin and the euchromatin within the cell

3. Nucleolus

The nucleolus is rich in proteins and rRNA it consists of thenucleolar organizing region(coding for rRNA),Pars Fibrosaregion (containing the rRNA transcripts), and thePars Granulosaregion (which contains maturing ribosomes)

Note that the nucleolus is shown at point C

4.

Chromatin heterochromatin and euchromatinnote how the heterochromatin lies against the nuclear envelope and is more condensed

5. Mitochondria cell organelle

Its function is to create cellular energy

6. Rough ER

Function protein synthesis via carrying ribosomesnote the bottom picture where it seems that protein granules have accumulated within the cisternae of the RER

You can see small mitochondria on the top of the left picture and to the left of right picture

Note the difference b/w the rough ER and smooth ER on the right

7. Smooth ER

Functions in detoxification, lipid synthesis, etc

Note the mitochondria

8. Golgi Complex

Functions in the modification and packaging of proteins

Notice the large secretory granules in the picture to the right

9. Microvilli

The microvilli + glycocalyx = the brush border

Seen mainly in absorptive cells and many epithelial cells

The microvilli on the right picture is seen at (a)

10. Centrioles and the centrosome

Important during mitotic division

Note that the picture in the middle is a longitudinal cut of the centrosome

Also note the perpendicular arrangement of the centrioles (90 degrees)

11. Desmosomes

Aka Macula Adherans

Has converging tonofilaments and plaques containing desmin, and vimentin

Binds cells together

Desmosomes seen on middle picture at #3

12. Secretory granules, condensing granules, zymogen granules (not 2) 13. Blood -- begins

Erythrocytes or RBCscarry O2 throughout the body via hemoglobinbiconcave and no nucleus

Note the RBCs and the lone neutrophil in the center on the picture on the left

14. Eosinophils

Eosiniphils are leukocytes seen in the blood that modulate inflammation and increase when there are aromatic poisonings, allergic reactions, and parasitic infections

The middle picture has a nice picture of a eosinophil on the bottom right and a neutriphil on the top left

15. Basophils

The basophilic granules in this cell are large, staindeep blue to purple , and are often so numerous they mask the nucleus

Granules contain histamine-heparin complexes

On the right, a nice picture of an eosinophil on the left, and a basophil on the right

16. PMN Neutrophils

Have a segmented nucleus cells may show a barr body

Are phagocytic and are transients in the blood

They contain specific, azurophilic (lysosome), and tertiary granules

On the left picture, note the neutrophil on the right, and the lymphocyte on the left

17. Monocytes

Migrate to tissues and become macrophages

Have a massive bilobed nucleus

18. Bone Marrow smear

Where most blood cell development occurs (hematopoiesis)note that a picture of a megakaryocyte within a blood smear shows that it is bone marrow because megakaryocytes never leave the marrow

Note that the white area is composed of fat cells

19. Epithelial Cells -- begins

Simple Squamous epithelia

• It is found in the blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and lungsareas of rapid diffusion

20. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Cells are found in the glands and the kidney tubules

In areas where increased processing is required

21. Simple Columnar Epithelia

The cells are involved in absorptioncontain microvilli that along with the glycocalyx, helps for the Brush Border

• Found in cells lining the small and large intestines

• The clear areas within the epithelia of the right two pictures are goblet cells that secrete mucus to the epithelial surface

22. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia

Looks to be stratified but the cells are all connected to the basement membrane

• Found in the respiratory tract and typically has goblet cells associated with it (called respiratory epithelium)

• These epithelia typically have cilia on their surfaces

23. Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Cells on the surface are flattened or squamous.

• On this slide we will talk about stratified squamouskeratinized epithelia

• Resistance to abrasion ismajor function

• No nuclei on the surface cell layers

• Found on the skin

THIN SKIN Thick Skin 24. Stratified Squamous non-keratinized epithelium

No distinct surface layer, nuclei found in surface cells

• Found in the oral and buccal mucosa

25. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Two cell layers with the luminal layer cuboidal.

• Found in the ducts ofEccrine Sweat Glands

Note the eccrine sweat gland at (a) 26. Transitional Epithelium

Epithelium changes thickness with functional changes

• Found in the Urinary tract and bladder

• Has surface cells called dome cells that are convexcells arebinucleate

Relaxed State 27. Zonula Occludens

AKA tight junctions

• Seal around the cell

Left picture -- #2 Right Picture - #1 Tight junction at #3 28. Connective tissue -- Begin

Dense Regular connective Tissue

• Linear fibers and few cells

• Found in the tendon and arteries

29. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Has large irregular collagen fibers and few cells

• Found in the dermis of the skin

Seen at (d) Note the stratified squamous epithelia at (A) (a) And (b) showing different fiber orientation 30. Dense Irregular 31. Areolar (loose) Connective Tissue

Lots of ground substance and few cells

• Found in the mesentery around organs

Esophagus Small Intestine 32. Some cells found in the connective tissue

Some common cells that are found are plasma cells and adipocytes

Note the clock-face nucleus of the plasma cells 33. Glands -- begins

Mucous Glands secretes a mucous-rich secretion for lubrication

Mucous gland seen at (a) 34. Serous Gland

Has an enzyme rich secretion

• Seen in Pancreas secretions

35. Mixed Gland

This gland contains both mucous and serous secretions

36. Serous Acinus

Composed of spherical units that secrete serous (enzymatic) secretions

37. Mucous Acinus

Spherical units comprising a gland secreting mucus products

38. Serous Demilunes

These are composed of aMucous cell(red arrow) capped on top with aSerous cell(blue arrow). The serous cell looks like a half moon against the mucous cell, hence the name serous demilune.

39. Intralobular Duct

The ducts that drain the acini, or defined as all the ducts found within a lobule (contains the acini or secretory units)

The red arrow is pointing to the intralobular duct 40. Intercalated Duct

Section of the intralobular duct that arise from each acinus

Intercalated duct seen at (c) and a striated duct at (d) 41. Interlobular Duct

Duct that drains the intralobular duct and are surrounded by connective tissueinitially the gland is cuboidal, but becomes columnar

42. Integumentary System -- begin

Thin Skin

• The epidermis is thin and the dermis is thickContains numerous sweat glands and contains hair follicles

Note the hair follicle at (c) into the hypodermis and a sebaceous gland at (d) 43. Thick Skin

No hair follicles and a relatively thick epidermis

Arrow pointing to stratum Lucidum 44. Epidermal Layers

From deep to superficial:

• Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum (only detected in thick skin), Corneum

Keratohyalin granules found in the Stratum Granulosum layer of the epidermis (this layer is where keratin begins to form)

Corneum (A), Basale (B) Corneum (A), Lucidum (B clear), Granulosum (C), and the Basale and Spinosum at (D) 45. Dermis

Composed of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• Composed of a dermal layer and a papillary layer

Dermis seen at (b) Dermis is seen at (c)layer of dermis right underneath the epidermis the papillary layer 46. Hypodermis

The deepest layer of the integumentIt contains Adipose tissue, major blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), and hair follicles

Seen at (f) 47. Cartilage -- begins

Chondrocytes within the matrix they have synthesized

Chondrocytes seen at (A) and they arise via appositional growth from the perichondrium (B) 48. Chondroblasts

on the surface of cartilage

Chondroblasts seen at (C) which arise from mesenchymal cells 49. Hyaline Cartilgage

Found in the ribs and articular surfaces

Perichondrium at (A), Chondroblasts at (B), and Chondrocytes at (C) 50. Elastic Cartilage

Found in the pinna of the ear or epiglottis

Have very thick elastin fibers

51. Fibrocartilage

Resist mechanical stresses and are found in invertebral discs

Has no perichondrium

52. Bone -- begins

Spongy Boneis Lightweight but supportive

Large surface area available for metabolism

Is a type of lamellar bone

53. Compact Bone

Bone is hard, relatively inflexible, resists abrasion and trauma

Note the central Haversian Canals and the corresponding canaliculis 54. Osteoblast

Cells on the surface of bone that form bone matrix

Cuboidal cells with basophilic cytoplasm

When surrounded by ECM they become osteocytes

Note the periosteum at (A), the Osteoblasts at (B) which lays down Osteoid or bone matrix Note the osteoblast lining and the secreted Osteoid in green The Osteoblasts secrete Osteoid (a) compact bone is seen in (b) osteocyte 55. Osteocytes

Within lacunae in bone ECM

Communicate with other osteocytes and with osteoblasts on surface by means of small channels in bone known as canaliculi.

Osteocyte seen at (c) Also seen deep to the osteoid Arrows show osteocytes 56. Osteoclasts

Resorb Bone are multinucleated

Seen at arrow 57. Muscle -- Begin

Skeletal Muscles -- Contains striationsnote that the nuclei in the cells are in the periphery

Skeletal muscle cross-section Both X-section and L-section shown XS note the nuclei at the periphery 58. Smooth Muscle

Spindle shaped cells, with a central nucleuscan be found around the GI tract and around blood vessels

Shown here is smooth muscle around a blood vessel 59. Cardiac Muscle

Branched cells with a central nucleus

Contains intercalated discs that are not seen in skeletal muscles

. Note the intercalated disc at the dot 60. Perimysium

Surrounding the muscle fasicles (composed of fibers)

Perimysium seen at the arrow 61. Endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

Note the connective tissue between the smooth muscle cells

62. Epimysium

Connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

63. Motor End Plate 64. Nervous System -- begins

Motor Neurons

Motor neurons in the ventral horn seen at (a) nucleolus of the nucleus at (b) the axon shown at (c)the latter is actually the axon hillock You can see lots of RER (nissl substances) at (a), and a dark nucleolus at (b) Motor neuron seen in the ventral horn with dendrites coming off of cell bodymultipolar found in ventral horn 65. Multipolar Neuron 66. Purkinje cells

A class of output neurons in the cerebellum, which are the only neurons that convey signals away from the cerebellum

. Dot shows the location of the purkinje cells cell body Note the purkinje cells lying b/w the inner and outer cortical layers 67. Sensory Ganglion (dorsal ganglion)

Composed of unipolar cells that have one process coming off of the soma

The cell body or perikaryon is found at (a) note the light stained nucleus also note the small surrounding cells called satellite cells at (b) Notice again the satellite cells 68. Dorsal Root ganglion 69. White Matter and Gray Matter

Brain and Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord Arrow pointing to the tracts (black) making up the white matter 70. Nerve Longitudinal section in which the arrows point to nodes of ranvier Nerve X-section axis cylinders seen at (a) surrounded by myelin the entire nerve trunk is surrounded by epineurium seen at (b) This is at higher power axons can be seen at (a) and the endoneurium can be seen at (b) These are both myelin stains note in the latter the myelin sheath appears to be blackthe nerve also is divided into fascicles 71. Node of Ranvier

Area where no myelin is seen and the axon is exposed

72. Endoneurium

Connective tissue that surrounds each nerve cell

73. Perineurium

Connective Tissue that surrounds each nerve fascicle

74. Epineurium

Connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve fiber

75. Auerbachs Plexus

Parasympathetic plexus innervating the muscularis externa of the alimentary canal

76. Myenteric Plexus continued 77. Meissners plexus

a plexus of ganglionated nerve fibers lying between the muscular and mucous coats of the intestine

Within the submucosa lies Meissner's plexus (or, the submucosal plexus) of parasympathetic nerve fibers and cell bodies, which influence smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosae.

78. Ganglion Cells . The ganglionic cell layer where the dot is Dorsal Root Ganglion 79. Esophagus

Epithelial layer composed of Stratified Squamous non-keratinized Epithelium

Epithelium at (a) lamina propria at (b) smooth muscled muscularis mucosae at (c) the submucosa composed of areolar connective tissue at (D) and the inner and outer layer of the muscularis externa at (E) and (F) Picture of the esophageal wall duct of a gland is seen at (a), mucous acini at (b), and the thick mescularis externa at (c) 80. Esophagus Continued High power of esophageal epithelium basal layer of stratum germanitvum at (a), papillae of the lamina propria projecting at (b) Seen here is the gastroesophageal junction esophageal epithelium at (a), the simple columnar junction of the stomach at (B), and the cardiac glands at (C) in the lamina propria 81. Stomach Tall simple columnar cells at (A) the gastric or fundus glands at (B),(C) shows the circular layer of the muscularis externa, while (D) shows the longitudinal layer A picture of the gastric mucosa lining epithelium at (a) gastric pit at (b) gastric gland (c) Picture of the base of a gastric gland chief cells at (a) parietal cell at (b) muscularis mucosae at (c) 82. Stomach continued Another gastric mucosa picture parietal cells at (a) b/w chief cells mucous neck cells at (b) Epithelial cells at (A) gastric gland at (B) connective tissue of the mucosa at (C) Zoom of a gastric gland parietal cells at (a) chief cells at (b) connective tissue at (c) b/w the glands 83. Stomach Note the (reddish) or lighter parietal cells in between the darker chief cells in a close up of the gastric gland 84. Stomach 85. The small intestine

Duodenum

Intestinal villi at (a) in the lamina propria the the crypts of Liberkuhn (b) Brunner Glands at (c) along with the nerves and BVs at (d) make up the submucosa Muscularis externa at (e) Simple Columnar Epithlium covering the villi at (A) (B) shows the core of each villus the intestinal glands (crypts of lieberkuhn) is at (C) and submucosal glands (Brunners) are seen at (D) Picture of the duodenum submucosa base of crypts of lieberkuhn at (A) (B) shows the Brunners glands a muscular artery at (D) 86. 87. Duodenum continued Picture of Brunners Glands note the basal nuclei location Auerbachs plexus inner circular layer at (A) soma of the autonomic nuclei at (B) outer longitudinal muscle layer at (C) a venule at (D) 88. Jejunum Note the tall villi and the short intestinal glands the left shows the lacteal at (a) the columnar cells at (b) and the intestinal glands at (c) 89. Crypts of Lieberkuhn The muscularis mucosae (a), the submucosa collagen tissue of the submucosa (b) lumen of the crypts at (c) Goblet cells at (a) lamina propria connective tissue at (b) and intestinal gland cells at (c) Paneth cells occupying the basal region of the gland at (A) 90. Ileum Accumulation of lymphoid tissue called Peyers patches seen at (A) mesentery cut at (B) Germinal center of a lymph nodule of a peyers patch at (a) the muscularis at (b) intestinal gland at (c) Long villi with many goblet cells seen 91. Peyers Patches found in the submucosa of the ileum Villi at (a) intestinal gland at (b) the peyers patch at (c) the connective tissue of the submucosa at (d) -- circular and longitudinal muscle layers at (e) and (f) the serosa at (g) Peyers patches 92. The Large Intestine (Colon) Note the mucosa (A) has crypts of lieberkuhn, but no villi submucosa (B) is loose connective tissue muscularis externa at (C), and Adventia at (D) Close up of the colon mucosa lumen of the colon at (a) (b) is the opening of the crypts (d) is the lamina propria Again, the colon mucosa goblet cells in the epithelium (b), and crypts at (a) 93. Colon 94. Liver The connective tissue at (B) separates the lobes of the liver into lobules the center of a lobule is the central vein shown at (A) which, in this case, is branched Arrows depict the parenchyma of the liver the central vein shown at (A) which drains the sinusoids and connective tissue shown at (B) 95. Liver continued The central vein at (A) The hepatic portal vein at (A) the hepatic artery at (B) and the bile duct at (C) The sinusoids are shown with arrows the hapatic portal vein at (A) the bile duct at (C) The central vein at (A) parenchyma cell at (C) endothelial cells at (D) separated from the parenchymal cells via the space of disse kupffer cells at (C) lining the endothelium 96. Liver continued Parenchymal cells are involved in carbohydrate metabolism seen see glycogen depoits at (A) sinusoids seen at (B) Parenchymal cells are the source of livers bile intercellular spaces b/w parenchymal cells form bile canaliculi seen at (A) longitudinally and at (B) in X-section sinusoids with blood cells at (C) Liver bile is gather from bile canaliculi in the lobule by small ducts shown at arrows the small ducts empty into the bile duct at the triad shown at (A) 97. Liver Arrow pointing to hepatic portal vein 98. Gall Bladder Mucosa at (A) muscularis externa at (B) adventia at (C) At (B) shows the mucosa w/simple columnar epithelia and underlying lamina propria folds and sinuses seen at (A) the muscularis at (C) is composed of three types of smooth muscles that empty the gall bladder vianerves (arrow) serosa at (D) 99. Lymphatic System -- begins Lymphatic nodules found in the lamina propria of GI system and respiratory system formed in response to specific antigens Picture of the iliem portion of the SI lymph nodules at (A) note the lighter staining center at (A) where cell proliferation of B-cells occurs Picture of a lymph nodule lighter staining center at (a) and the dark periphery at (b) which is composed of lymphocytes 100. Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue 101. Tonsils

Just recongize the pictures are tonsils

Center of crypts at (d) tonsils have lymph nodules with lymph nodules seen at (a) and surrounding lymphocytes at (b) A lymph nodule is seen at (a) and the epithelium is seen at (b) note the free lymphocytes at the surface of the epithelium 102. Tonsil 103. Lymph Nodes

A lymphatic organ which contains nodules

Filters lymph and allows association b/w APC and lymphocytes

The is the cortex of a lymph node connective tissue capsule at (a) and trabeculae (connective tissue extensions) at (b) the subcapsular sinus at (c) which allows lymph vessels to pass through and into the trabecular sinus (d) the cortex has many lymph nodules at (e) This is the medullary central region composed of trabecular (a) trabecular sinus at (b) leading into the medullary sinus (c) medullary cords are seen at (d) which are composed of small plasma cells and lymphocytes The medullary sinuses are the clearer areas such as in (a) while the darker areas shown at (b) are medullary cords 104. Lymph node continued Lymph node medulla 105. Lymph node Subcapsular space of the lymph node at arrow 106. Spleen An outer connective tissue capsule projects trabeculae seen at (c) the white pulp seen at (a) contains mainly lympcytes and the surrounding red pulp seen at (b) The white pulp (a) is a collection of lymph nodules with lymphocytes surrounding the central artery (b)Periarterial Lymphatic Sheath blood from these central arteries flows to the sinusoids of the red pulp seen at (c) 107. Spleen High power sinuoids seen at (a) and the surrounding cords of Billroth Silver stain of the same area as the left one 108. Spleen 109. Thymus Thymus composed of lobules outer cortex seen at (a) composed of T-lymphocytes and an inner medulla at (b) composed of epithelial cells forming the blood-thymus barrier The edge of the cortex is seen at (a) and the medulla is seen at (b) within the medulla are Hassalls corpuscles seen at (c) Close up of the medulla at (b) and a sliced onion shaped Hassall's corpuscle at (a) 110. Thymus Arrow pointing to a epithelial reticular cell of the thymus 111. Thymus general structure 112. Arteriole A smaller artery and a larger arteriole 113. Venule Note the round arteriole and the squashed venule Arrow pointing to a venule Picture of a venule and an arteriole 114. Vein 115. Elastic artery 116. Renal System -- begins

Two low magnifications of the kidney

The arrows point to arcuate arteries and veins the cortex can be seen on the left side while the medulla is seen on the right the capsule is seen at the far left collecting tububles seen at (A) little yellow arrow shows a glomerulus in the cortex . The Same as the slide to the left, but a closer focus on the medulla 117. The Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney

I will represent with arrows the Bowmans capsule is shown with the little yellow arrow on the right and is lined by parietal epithelium the blue arrow represents the glomerulus at (A) is the distal convoluted tubule with increased epithelial nucleation lining it (macula densa cells) (B) juxtaglomerular cells (C) shows Mesangial cells The Proximal Convoluted Tubule can be seen here at (A) note its smaller lumen, brush border and darker pink stain (B) shows the distal convoluted tubule note it has a lighter pink stain and a larger lumen the red arrow is pointing to macula densa cells 118. Nephron continued Proximal convoluted tubule Note the Brush border on the proximal tubule 119. The Medulla The tubules of the medulla include the collecting tubules (A) and the loop of Henle at (B) The collecting tubules have a large lumen and are comprised of simple cuboidal epithelia and these cells have distinct lateral borders The loops of henle are comprised of simple squamous epithelia and have indistinct lateral borders This is the inner section of the medulla which contains the main collecting ducts that carries the urine to the minor calyx (A) The calyx is lined with trasitional epithelium (arrow) 120. Collecting Duct 121. Ureter Urine is carried from the minor calyx to the major calyx then to the pelvis and to the ureter The lumen of the ureter is at (A) which is star-shaped and is lined with transitional epithelium Inner Circularis muscles are seen at (B) and longitudinal muscles at (C) Another Ureter Picture note the transitional epithelium 122. Endocrine System -- begins

Pictures of the hypophysis (pituitary gland)

(A) and (B) represent the adenohypophysis while (C) represents the neurohypophysis (A) is actually a section of the adenohypophysis called the Pars Distalis while (B) is the Pars Intermedia (C) represents the Pars Nervosa This is a pic of the capsule of the pituitary gland the fibrous capsule is seen at (B) while the Pars Distalis is seen at (A) 123. Hypophysis Top left arrow is a acidophil bottom left arrow is a chromophobe top right arrow is a basophil 124. Pars Distalis Note the irreular cords of epithelial cells composing the pars distalis Acidophils are seen at (a) with a reddish cytoplasm. Acidophils produce GH or Prolactin smaller basophils are seen at (b) with a blue cytoplasm chromophobes are seen at (c) and can differentiate into either acidophils or basophils they are separated by conn tissue fibers seen at (d) 125. Pars Distalis continued The acidophils are seen at (a) again note their pink cytoplasm basophils are seen at (b), and a few chromophobes (light staining cytoplasm) can be seen at (c) the (s) represents the sinusoids that are present 126. Pars Intermedia

b/w the Pars Distalis and the Pars Nervosa

Contains high levels of basophils (producing MSH and ACTH) and follicles containing colloid (A) 127. Pars Nervosa

Pictures of the neurohypophysis

Axon tracts can be seen at (a) and the accumulated neural secretions called Herring bodies can be seen at (B) in the Pars Nervosa Pituicytes can be seen at (a) Herring bodies can be seen at (b) in the pars nervosa, while the axon fiber can be seen at (c) 128. Thyroid Gland Made up of follicles surround by simple cuboidal epithelium the follicles are filled with colloid (A) colloid can be globular as seen in (B) or dark staining seen at (C) Follicles can vary in sizes as seen in (A) and (B) 129. Thyroid gland continued (A) Shows the colloid within the follicle follicular cells can be seen at (B) which produce Thyroglobulin and release T4 into the capillaries (seen at C) (D) shows clumping of follicular cells At (a) is a follicular cell and at (b) is a parafollicular cell (light stained) which are clear cells the latter cell produces calcitonin 130. Random Thyroid Gland pix 131. Parathyroid Gland Picture of thyroid [(C) and (B)] and parathyroid glands (A) note the parathyroid gland is composed of cords of cells and is separated from the thyroid by a capsule Note the cells are lined up along capillaries chief cells are seen at (a) and comprise most of the cells some chief cells are large and contain lots of glycogen (b) note they are more clear these chief cells release PTH chief cells are also seen at (c) and are in contact with capillaries 132. Parathyroid continued

Cords of chief cells are seen at (A) and higher amounts of adipose tissue seen at (B)older individuals

133. Adrenal Glands

The outer cortex can be seen here (b,c,d) and the inner medulla at (e) the capsule is seen at (a) the outermost region of the cortex is seen at (b) and it is the glomerulosa the (c) represents the fasciculata, while (d) represents the reticularis

Another picture of the adrenal gland 134. Adrenal Gland G F R Medulla 135. Adrenal Cortex Zona glomerulosa at (A) the zona fasciculata at (B) which are paler in color the reticularis is seen at (C) and has darker cells The adrenal capsule is seen at (a) zona glomerulosa at (b) the Zona fasciculata at (c) the large amounts of SER in the cytoplasm of cells in the glomerulosa and fasciculata make the pale staining This is a pic of the zona fasciculata note the pale staing cytoplasm and the dark nuclei of (a) note large amount of fatty acids make the cytoplasm pale a sinusoid is seen at (b) 136. Adrenal Medulla

The zona reticularis of the cortex is seen at (A), next to cells of the medulla which is seen at (B) the cells of the medulla are chromaffin cells which can stain pale or dark

The Medulla cell seen at (A) which contains granules containing epi and norepi note the small arteries at (B) 137. Pancreatic Islets Islets are composed of 4 cells types islet cells (a) are pale staining just know this is a picture of the pancreas composed of islets Islets comprise the light staining area of the pancreas 138. Respiratory System -- begins

Trachea

Note the C-shaped hyaline cartilage composing the wall of the trachea at (A) the opening of the C-shape is composed of smooth muscle that can be seen at (B) Here we see the layers of the trachea (A) shows the the respiratory epithelium (B) shows the connective tissue of the lamina propria (C) shows the submucosa (D) shows the cartilage rings (E) shows the adventia 139. Trachea continued Note the Mixed glands seen at (A), and the Hyaline cartilage at (B) Note here of the respiratory epithelium at the arrow 140. Trachea cont. 141. Respiratory Epithelium pix 142. Bronchus Consists of respiratory epithelium at (A) smooth muscle at (B) Glands at (C) are surrounded by cartilage plate seen at (D) 143. The Lung The bronchi is seen at (A) while the pulmonary arteries and veins are seen at (B) A bronchiole is seen at (A) in which the mucosa is covered with ciliated low columnar epithelia note the increase in smooth muscle as seen at the arrow and noticeably less cartilage 144. The Lung Continued Terminal bronchioles are seen at (A) and are lined with cuboidal epithelium Respiratory bronchioles are seen at (B) while the alveolar duct is seen at (C) Individual Alveoli is seen at (A) lined by simple squamous epithelia numerous capillaries (arrows) are seen here (A) Denotes the visceral pleura covering the lung the septa seen at (B) forms lobules in the lung and is composed of simple squamous epithelia and fibrous conn tissue 145. The Lung Macrophages seen in the alveoli (arrow) and in the interalveolar septa note the black cytoplasm of engulfed material Good picture of an alveolar duct with its lumen being shown 146. Random Pix Bronchiole 147. Vocal Cords Larynx picture -- Elastic Cartilage at (A) the false vocal fold at (E) and the true vocal fold at (F) if the others come up, sue me 148. Vocal cords True vocal fold at arrow covered with simple squamous epithelia conn tissue at (A) and smooth muscle at (B) False vocal fold covered with respiratory epithelium at (A) the duct has mucous (B) and Serous (C) components 149. The Eye -- begins

Sclera opaque white area of the area composed of collagen fibers

Sclera 150. Sclera 151. Cornea

Composed of 5 layers and is avascular

Acts as the first lens

Stratified squamous epithelium Stroma Endothelium Iris 152. Cornea Continued 153. Conjunctiva

• The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball.

Conjuntiva on the left, and cornea on the right 154. Conjunctiva Conjunctiva skin 155. Lens

outer capsulecollagen fibers, flexible

subcapsular epitheliumsimple cuboidal on the anterior side

lens fiberselongated epithelial cells; contains crystallin.

zonule fibersalso called suspensory ligaments of lens pass from ciliary body to insert into capsule

capsule Zonule fibers 156. Lens 157. Anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

Both chambers contain aqueous humor

Lens Posterior Chamber Anterior Chamber Iris 158. Vitreous body

contains vitreous humor, a gelled amorphous substance with hyaluronic acid and 7% protein.

aidsin holding the lens in shape, keeps retina in against pigment epithelium, and transmit light

159. Ciliary Body

Ciliary body is the anterior end of the choroid, just anterior toora serrataof retina.

Contains ciliary muscle which contracts and bring the ciliary body closer toward the lens and thus, reducing the tension of Zonule fibers

160. Ciliary body 161. Iris This is a continuation of the ciliary process towardthe pupil containing smooth muscle 162. Pupil

• The apparently black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina.

------------------ Pupil 163. Choroid

A highly vascular layer containing numerous pigment cells, connective tissue fibers.

Choroid 164. Choroid Pigmented Epithelium 165. Ora Serrata

Ora serratascalloped margin of retina (also called iridial or ciliary retina); posterior toora serratais the neural retina which is photosensitive.

166. Optic Nerve Collection point for axons from the ganglion cells 167. Retina

Neural retina has 10 histological layers which are formed bya layer of pigment epithelium and 3neuron cell layers

168. Retina cont

Ganglionic cell

layer

169. Retina Rod cone 170. Macula Lutea

• A minute yellowish area containing the fovea centralis located near the center of the retina of the eye at which visual perception is most acute. Also calledyellow spot .

171. Male Reproductive system begins

Testis a few general structures of the testis

172. Seminiferous Tubules

• One of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop.

Numerous seminiferous tubules Note that the arrow is pointing to a spermatogonia within the seminiferous tubule 173. Seminiferous Tubule Note the arrow pointing to a spermatid within the seminiferous tubule Upper arrow is a spermatogonia while the bottom arrow is a primary spermatocyte 174. Seminiferous Spermatocytesspermatidsspermatozoa (in lumen) 175. Sertoli Cells

Covers the seminiferous epithelium

Are tall columnar cells

Forms a blood-testis barrier

Phagocytoses residual bodies

Arrow pointing to Sertoli cell Sertoli Cells 176. Leydig Cells

Cells with characteristics of steroid producing cells - SER, lipid storage

Seen as clusters in the connective tissue

Produce testosterone

177. Leydig cells 178. Rete Testis

Network of channels in the tunica albuginea

epididymis Rete Testis Epididymis Rete Testis 179. Rete Testis 180. Epididymis

Long tube lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Microvilli of various length giving appearance of cilia (called stereocilia)

Sperm maturation

Note the stereocilia 181. Epididymis 182. Female Reproductive systembegins

Ovaries

• Outer connective tissue capsule

• • Tunica albuginea

• Follicles in various stages of development

• Connective tissue stroma

183. Ovary 184. Ovary Primordial Follicles

A primary oocyte surrounded byflattened follicular cells

Surrounded by basement membrane

Located at periphery of ovary

Arrow pointing to a primordial follicle Note the flattened cells around the primordial follicles 185. Ovary Primary Follicles

Small oocyte surrounded by 1 or more layers of cuboidal cells

Primary oocyte 186. Primary oocyte Primary oocyte 187. Ovary -- Secondary Follicle

Fluid starts to accumulate in between granulosa cells

Thick basement membrane zonapellucida

Connective tissue cells in 1-2 layers known as theca cells

A secondary follicle is seen at (3) 188. Mature (Graafian) Follicles

Granulosa cells - cumulus oophorus (stalk)

Granulosa cells - corona radiata

Prominent zona pellucida

Antrum filled with liquor folliculi

Oocyte Corona radiata Cumulus Oophorus Granulosa cells 189. Graafian Follicle 190. Corpus Luteum

If implantation of fertilized ovum occurs follicle become corpus luteum of pregnancy

If fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum degenerates to form the corpus albicans

191. Corpus Albicans