Slide 1.1 Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 1 Information Systems Lecture 1...
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Transcript of Slide 1.1 Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 1 Information Systems Lecture 1...
![Page 1: Slide 1.1 Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 1 Information Systems Lecture 1 Data, Information and Decisions.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050909/56649d415503460f94a1bb16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Slide 1.1
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Chapter 1
Information Systems
Lecture 1
Data, Information and Decisions
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Slide 1.2
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Data and Information
• Historical trends• Information – definition
– information is data processed for a purpose
• Processing data– categories of data processing (see next slide)
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Slide 1.3
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Data and Information
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Slide 1.4
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background
• Decision making style– Analytical
– Intuitive
• Information absorption style– Detailed
– Holistic
• Background
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Slide 1.5
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background (Continued)
Figure 1.2 Four cognitive styles for absorbing information and taking decisions
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Slide 1.6
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
A Model of Decision Making –Simon’s Model
• Intelligence• Design• Choice• Implementation
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Slide 1.7
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Decisions – Simon’s Model of Decision Making
Figure 1.3 Stages in making a decision
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Slide 1.8
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Levels of Managerial Decision Taking
• Strategic planning• Tactical planning and control• Operational planning and control
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Slide 1.9
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Levels of Managerial Decision Taking (Continued)
Figure 1.4 Information characteristics for managerial decisions
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Slide 1.10
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
The Structure of Decisions
• Unstructured• Semi-structured• Structured
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Slide 1.11
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
The value of Information
• Quantifiable value• Non-quantifiable value• Intelligence
– information collected for background understanding
• Cost–benefit analysis– to establish project viability
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Slide 1.12
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Chapter 1Information Systems
Lecture 2
Systems and Management Information Systems
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Slide 1.13
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
The Idea of a System
• Definition– A collection of interrelated parts that taken
together forms a whole such that:• the collection has some purpose;• a change in any of the parts leads to or results
from a change in some other part(s).
• Characteristics– inputs, outputs, processes, storage
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Slide 1.14
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Characteristics of Systems
• Systems objectives– objective(s)
– measure of performance
• Inputs and outputs of a system– one system’s output is another’s input
• Systems environment• Boundary• Open and closed systems
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Slide 1.15
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Systems Connected by Inputs and Outputs
Figure 1.7 Systems connected by inputs and outputs
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Slide 1.16
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Subsystems and Systems Hierarchies
Figure 1.8 Hierarchical relations between subsystems in a manufacturing organization
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Slide 1.17
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Subsystems Decoupling
• Degree of coupling– highly coupled, decoupled
– buffer
– slack capacity
• Total systems approach• Control
– feedback, feedforward
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Slide 1.18
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Management Information Systems
• Drivers– cost, speed, interaction, flexibility
• Databases
Figure 1.16 Business information support systems (alternative terminology)
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Slide 1.19
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Management Information Systems As a Collection of Subsystems
Figure 1.18 The relation between the data-processing and management information systems
(a) (b)
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Slide 1.20
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Management Information Systems
• MIS as a collection of subsystems• Design of MIS• Approaches to MIS design
– by-product– null– key variable– total study– critical success factor
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Slide 1.21
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Informal and Formal Information
• Formal– produced by standard procedures– objective– relevant
• Informal– subjective– qualitative– arrives via non-standard channels