Slide 1 Terrorism ObjectivesTerrorism Jones & Bartlettportal.ct.gov › - › media › CFPC ›...

1 of 14 Revision: 021215

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Presentation Instructor Notes

Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 1

Connecticut Fire Academy

Hazardous Materials OperationsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013

Jones & Bartlett

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations

Chapter 6

January 01, 2013

Slide 2


Terrorism

NFPA 6.3

6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass

Decontamination

Slide 3


Terrorism

Objectives (1 of 2)

• Describe the threat posed by terrorism

• Understand the definition of terrorism from a

broad perspective

• Describe various types of potential terrorist

targets

• Understand the dangers posed by explosive

devices and secondary explosive devices

• Define weapons of mass destruction

Slide 4


Terrorism

Objectives (3 of 4)

• Understand the basic differences and

indicators of chemical, biological, and

radiological threats

• Describe operations considerations at a

terrorism event, including initial actions,

interagency coordination, decontamination,

mass casualties, and triage

• Identify the different levels distinguished in

the Homeland Security Threat Level chart





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 5


Basics

• Response based on hazardous materials

response

• Terrorism’s goal: Produce feelings of fear

• Domestic terrorism

• International terrorism

Slide 6


Responding to Terrorist Incidents

• Same procedure as in other emergencies

• Differences

– Landscape where incident is handled

– Numerous agencies are involved

– Training and working together are important

Slide 7


Targets and Tactics

• Symbolic targets often chosen

• Often possible to predict likely targets

• Methods of attack vary

Slide 8


Types of Targets (1 of 6)

• Infrastructure

targets, including:

– Bridges

– Tunnels

– Subways

– Hospitals





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 9



• Symbolic targets

– Symbols of

national pride

– Military bases

– Embassies

– Religious

institutions

Slide 10



• Civilian targets

– Shopping malls

– Airports

– Schools

– Sports stadiums

6

By attacking civilian targets such as a crowded stadium, terrorists

might make citizens feel vulnerable in their everyday lives.

Slide 11


Types of Targets (6 of 6)6

Image: © Photodisc/Getty Images

Slide 12


Ecoterrorism

• Committed by groups supporting

environmental causes

• Examples:

– Spiking trees to disrupt logging

– Vandalizing animal research laboratories

– Firebombing store that sells fur coats

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 13


Agroterrorism (1 of 2)

• Uses chemical or biological agents

• Attacks agricultural industry or food supply

6

Slide 14


Agroterrorism (2 of 2)

Agroterrorism affects food supply or the agricultural industry.

6

Image: © Larry Rana/USDA

Slide 15


Cyberterrorism

• Electronically disrupting computer systems

– Government computer systems

– Private computer systems

– The Internet

6

Slide 16


Types of Devices (1 of 2)

• Ordinary objects can become powerful

weapons

– Gasoline tankers

– Commercial airliners

• Bombs are most frequent

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 17


Types of Devices (2 of 2)

• Shooting into a crowd

• Release of biological agent

• Computer virus

6

Slide 18


Explosives

• Thousands of pounds stolen each year

• Can also be created with commonly available

materials:

– Improvised explosive device (IED)

– Ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil (ANFO)

6

Slide 19


Pipe Bombs (1 of 2)

• Pipe bombs are most common IED

• Length of pipe filled with explosive substance

• Chemical/biological agents can be added

• Nails can be added

• Detonator like a hobby fuse

6

Slide 20


Pipe Bombs (2 of 2)

Pipe bombs come in many shapes and sizes.

6

Image: Courtesy of Captain David Jackson,

Saginaw Township Fire Department





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 21


Secondary Devices

• Placed in area where initial event occurred

• Intended to kill:

– Emergency responders

– Law enforcement personnel

– Spectators

– News reporters

6

Slide 22


Potentially Explosive Device

• A device that has not yet exploded

• Remove civilians from area

• Establish perimeter at safe distance

• Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personnel

handle

6

Slide 23


Actions Following an Explosion

• Ensure your own safety

• Ensure safety of scene

• Follow departmental procedures

• Consider possibility of secondary device

• Qualified personnel should check for other

contaminants (biological, radiological)

6

Slide 24


Work with Other Agencies

Following Explosion

• Local, state, and federal agencies

• FBI

• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and

Explosives

• Military EOD units

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 25


Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

• Chemical agents

• Biological agents

• Radiological agents

• NFPA 472 annex provides specific

information about terrorist attack agents

6

Slide 26


Chemical Agents (1 of 3)

• Kill or injure large numbers of people

• Readily available

• Can be distributed in different ways:

– Releasing gas from storage tank

– Adding to explosive device

– Crop-dusting aircraft

6

Slide 27



Crop-dusting equipment could be used to distribute chemical

agents.

6

Image: © Tim McCabe/USDA

Slide 28



• Include:

– Nerve agents

– Blistering agents

– Pulmonary agents

– Blood agents

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 29


Nerve Agents (1 of 2)

• Toxic chemical agents

• Attack nervous system

• Examples: Sarin, V-agent (VX)

• Antidotes exist

6

Slide 30


Nerve Agents (2 of 2)

When a person is exposed to a nerve agent, the symptoms of

exposure will become evident within minutes.

6

Slide 31


Blistering Agents (1 of 2)

• Contact causes skin to blister

• Examples:

– Sulfur mustard

– Lewisite

6

Slide 32


Blistering Agents (2 of 2)

Typical effects of blistering agents.

6

Image: Courtesy of Dr. Saeed

Keshavarz/RCCI (Research Center of

Chemical Injuries)/IRAN





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 33


Pulmonary Agents

• Choking agents

• Examples:

– Phosgene

– Chlorine

6

Slide 34


Blood Agents

• Interfere with use of oxygen by cells

• Example: Cyanide

• Can be inhaled or ingested

6

Slide 35


Protection from Chemical Agents(1 of 2)

• Use PPE

• Use self-contained breathing apparatus

(SCBA)

6

Slide 36


Protection from Chemical Agents(2 of 2)

If an unusual odor is reported at the scene, responders must don

full PPE including SCBA.

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 37


Biological Agents

• Organisms that cause disease

• Examples

– Anthrax

– Plague

– Smallpox

6

Slide 38


Protection from Biological Agents(1 of 2)

• Responders unlikely to recognize signs

– Due to incubation period

• Recognition likely to come from

– Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

– Area hospitals

6

Slide 39


Protection from Biological Agents(2 of 2)

• Once threat recognized, wear appropriate:

– Gloves

– Masks with HEPA filters

– Eye protection

– Surgical gowns when treating patients

• Seek medical care for flu-like symptoms

6

Slide 40


Radiological Agents

• Different threat from nuclear detonation

• Energy released in form of waves or particles:

– Alpha particles

– Beta particles

– Gamma radiation

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 41


Protection from Radiological

Agents

• Limit exposure time

• Stay as far away as possible

• Personal dosimeter

• Appropriate PPE

• Shielding

6

Slide 42


Dirty Bomb

• Radiation dispersal device (RDD)

• Dissemination of radioactive material

• No nuclear detonation

6

Slide 43


Operations

• Initial actions

– Approach like hazardous materials incident

• Interagency coordination

• Decontamination

• Mass casualties

6

Slide 44


Mass Decontamination

• Master stream devices from engine companies

• Aerial apparatus to create showers

• Allows rapid decontamination

6





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 45


Mass Casualties

• Special mass-casualty plan essential

• Decontamination must be addressed

• Triage

Slide 46


Additional Resources

• FBI

• FEMA

• Department of Homeland Security

Slide 47


Department of Homeland Security(1 of 2)

• Homeland Security Threat Advisories

• Homeland Security Information Bulletins

• Color-coded threat-level system

Slide 48


Department of Homeland Security(2 of 2)

Color-coded threat-level system.

Image: Courtesy of U.S. Department of

Homeland Security





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 49


Summary (1 of 3)

• Goal of terrorism is to produce fear

• Terrorism can occur in any community

• Ordinary objects can be turned into weapons

• Secondary devices explode after initial device

Slide 50


Summary (2 of 3)

• Weapons of mass destruction include:

– Chemical agents

– Biological agents

– Radiological agents

– Conventional weapons and explosives

Slide 51


Summary (3 of 3)

• Important to identify type of agent

• Establish staging area at safe distance

• Interagency coordination important part of

response





Session HM 7.1.1

Chapter 6

Terrorism

Slide 52


Questions ?

Expectations ?

6.1.1.1* This chapter shall address

competencies for the following operations

level

responders assigned mission-specific

responsibilities at hazardous materials /

WMD

incidents by the authority having

jurisdiction beyond the core competencies

at the

operations level (Chapter 5):

Students will be asked to accomplish a lot.

There is a lot of information to digest.

The following Modules are intense and

where the “Practical Skills Application” is

introduced to the students training.

Students need to know and understand that

these modules are where the previous two

chapters come together and how it all fits

in.

Slide 53


NEVER FORGET

Slide 1 Terrorism ObjectivesTerrorism Jones & Bartlettportal.ct.gov › - › media › CFPC ›...

Documents

Transcript of Slide 1 Terrorism ObjectivesTerrorism Jones & Bartlettportal.ct.gov › - › media › CFPC ›...