LEONHARD EULER

Born

15 April 1707Basel, Switzerland

Died

18 September 1783 (aged 76)[OS: 7 September 1783]Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

Residence

Kingdom of Prussia, Russian EmpireSwitzerland

Nationality

Swiss

Fields

Mathematics and physics

Institutions

Imperial Russian Academy of SciencesBerlin Academy

Alma mater

University of Basel

Doctoral advisor

Johann Bernoulli Signature

If Gauss is the Prince, Euler is the King. Living from 1707 to 1783, he is regarded as the greatest mathematician to have ever walked this planet. It is said that all mathematical formulas are named after the next person after Euler to discover them. In his day he was ground breaking and on par with Einstein in genius. His primary (if that’s possible) contribution to the field is with the introduction of mathematical notation including the concept of a function (and how it is written as f(x)), shorthand trigonometric functions, the ‘e’ for the base of the natural logarithm (The Euler Constant), the Greek letter Sigma for summation and the letter ‘/i’ for imaginary units, as well as the symbol pi for the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter. All of which play a huge bearing on modern mathematics, from the every day to the incredibly complex.

Leonhard Euler

He was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important

discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He

also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation,

particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical

function.  He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, fluid

dynamics, optics, and astronomy. Euler spent most of his adult life in St.

Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, Prussia. He is considered to be the

preeminent mathematician of the 18th century, and one of the greatest

mathematicians to have ever lived. He is also one of the most prolific

mathematicians ever; his collected works fill 60–80 quarto volumes.A statement

attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics.

Euler worked in almost all areas of mathematics: geometry, infinitesimal calculus, trigonometry, algebra, and number theory, as well as continuum physics, lunar theory and other areas of physics. He is a seminal figure in the history of mathematics; if printed, his works, many of which are of fundamental interest, would occupy between 60 and 80 quarto volumes.[Euler's name is associated with a large number of topics.

Euler is the only mathematician to have two numbers named after him: the immensely important Euler's Number in calculus, e, approximately equal to 2.71828, and the Euler-Mascheroni Constant γ (gamma) sometimes referred to as just "Euler's constant", approximately equal to 0.57721. It is not known whether γ is rational or irrational.[22]

the most remarkable formula in mathematics" by Richard P. Feynman, for its single uses of the notions of addition, multiplication, exponentiation, and equality, and the single uses of the important constants 0, 1, e, i and π.[26] In 1988, readers of the Mathematical Intelligencervoted it "the Most Beautiful Mathematical Formula Ever".[27] In total, Euler was responsible for three of the top five formulae in that poll.[27]

De Moivre's formula is a direct consequence of Euler's formula.

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