SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic...

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T01D04 – SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula

Transcript of SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic...

Page 1: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

T01D04 – SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula

Page 2: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Se Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

PERIODS -

Similarities: The number of

outer electron shells.

Page 3: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Se Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

GROUPS –

Similarities: The number of

electrons in the outer shell.

Common reactivity, bonding,

chemical and physical

properties.

Page 4: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Se Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

METALIC

PROPERTIES

Similarities: An elements

relative ability to conduct

energy in the form of heat

or electricity.

the “stair”

Metals

Non metals

Metaloids

Page 5: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Metaloids

Alkaline Earths

Alkali Metals

Transition Metals

Non-metals

Weak/Poor Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Actinides

Lanthanides

Page 6: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

What charge ions do atoms want to form?

1+ 2+ 3+ 4

3- 2- 1- 0

Page 7: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

What elements form what compounds?

• M/NM = Ionic o Because they have ions

o Metal (cation + ) and Non-metal (anion - )

o Have a set ratio of elements

• NM/NM = Covalent/Molecular o Because they must share electrons

o Various compounds (CO , CO2 , CO3 )

Page 8: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Emperical vs. Molecular • What ionic compound forms between

Mg2+ and O2-?

• What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

• Ionic compounds are always in the simplest whole number ratio, known as the emperical formula!

Page 9: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Covalent Compounds • Is carbon dioxide an emperical formula?

o Simplest ratio = CO2

• Is methanol (CH3OH) an emperical formula? o Simplest ratio = CH3OH

• Is tetraphosphorous decoxide (P4O10) an emperical formula? o Simplest ratio = P2O5 (emperical formula)

o Actual ratio = P4O10 (molecular formula)

Page 10: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Def: Types of Formulas Empirical formula: the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Molecular formula: the true number of atoms of each element in the formula of a compound.

Page 11: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Formulas (continued)

Formulas for ionic compounds are ALWAYS

empirical (lowest whole number ratio).

Examples:

NaCl MgCl2 Al2(SO4)3 K2CO3

Page 12: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Formulas (continued)

Formulas for molecular compounds MIGHT be

empirical (lowest whole number ratio).

Molecular:

H2O

C6H12O6 C12H22O11

Empirical:

H2O

CH2O C12H22O11

Page 13: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Finding the Emperical Formula

• Do all elements have the same mass? o H – 1.01 g/mol

o O – 16.00 g/mol

o Fe – 55.85 g/mol

• Therefore if we have a compound with 50% H and 50% O by mass it will NOT have a formula of HO, will it?

Page 14: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

What is Scurvy?

A vitamin deficiency! How is it cured? CHEMISTRY

Page 15: SL/HL Chem 1 % Composition and Emperical Formula-+08...Emperical vs. Molecular •What ionic compound forms between Mg2+ and O2-? •What ionic compound forms between Pb4+ and O2-?

Vitamin C! • So, lets use vitamin C as our example,

follow along on your notesheet.