Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory Reprocessing Stickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse
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Transcript of Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Memory Reprocessing Stickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse
Sleep, Learning, and Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-Line Dreams: Off-Line
Memory ReprocessingMemory ReprocessingStickgold, Hobson, Fosse, FosseStickgold, Hobson, Fosse, Fosse
Group #1 Group #1
D. Doan, B. Gee, E. Lee, J. D. Doan, B. Gee, E. Lee, J. TranTran
February 13, 2008February 13, 2008
IntroductionIntroduction
Association between sleep, learning, Association between sleep, learning, and memoryand memory
Behavioral studiesBehavioral studies Physiology of sleepPhysiology of sleep Cognitive processing in REM and Cognitive processing in REM and
NREMNREM Dreams and memoryDreams and memory Theories of dreamsTheories of dreams
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep REM sleep plays a role REM sleep plays a role
in:in: LearningLearning Procedural memoryProcedural memory Emotional memoriesEmotional memories Modifying Modifying
neocortical networksneocortical networks
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep Animal studiesAnimal studies
Smith (1985)Smith (1985)““REM windows”REM windows”
Occurred after procedural Occurred after procedural trainingtraining
REM sleep increasesREM sleep increasesREM deprivation leads to REM deprivation leads to diminished retentiondiminished retention
Deprivation-induced stressDeprivation-induced stress
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep Human studiesHuman studies
Posttraining REM deprivation Posttraining REM deprivation impairs procedural learningimpairs procedural learning
Enhanced recall for emotional Enhanced recall for emotional memories after REM sleepmemories after REM sleepe.g. major depression and PTSDe.g. major depression and PTSD
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep Visual texture discrimination taskVisual texture discrimination task
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep Visual texture discrimination taskVisual texture discrimination task
Behavioral Studies of Behavioral Studies of Learning and Memory in Learning and Memory in
SleepSleep REM and Modification of Neocortical REM and Modification of Neocortical
NetworksNetworks Not just procedural learning Not just procedural learning
Complex logic gamesComplex logic gamesForeign language acquisitionForeign language acquisitionIntensive studyingIntensive studying
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Synchronous brain activitySynchronous brain activity SWS sleep SWS sleep
Cortical long-term potentiation Cortical long-term potentiation (LTP)(LTP)
Sharp wave potentialsSharp wave potentials REM sleepREM sleep
Hippocampal LTPHippocampal LTP Hippocampo-neocortical dialogHippocampo-neocortical dialog
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Synchronous brain activity cont.Synchronous brain activity cont. Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO)
waveswavesVisual cortexVisual cortexMotor cortexMotor cortexAmygdalaAmygdalaHippocampusHippocampusTransition from NREM to REMTransition from NREM to REM
Gamma wavesGamma wavesBinding problemBinding problem
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Neuronal ReplayNeuronal Replay SWSSWS
Neuronal replay occurs after half Neuronal replay occurs after half an houran hour
REMREMNeuronal replay occurs after 24 Neuronal replay occurs after 24 hourshours
ImplicationsImplications
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
NeuromodulatorsNeuromodulators Noradrenergic (NE) locus Noradrenergic (NE) locus
coeruleuscoeruleus Serotonergic (5-HT) dorsal Raphe Serotonergic (5-HT) dorsal Raphe
nucleusnucleus Cholinergic (Ach) nuclei of Cholinergic (Ach) nuclei of
dorsolateral ponsdorsolateral pons
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Regional Brain ActivationRegional Brain Activation PET studiesPET studies SWSSWS
All brain regions less active than wakingAll brain regions less active than waking REMREM
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ↓↓
Anterior cingulate and medial Anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortices ↑orbitofrontal cortices ↑
Amygdala ↑Amygdala ↑
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Plasticity and LearningPlasticity and Learning Pontine reticular formation (PRF) Pontine reticular formation (PRF)
activation and PGO wavesactivation and PGO wavesConsolidate learning and form new Consolidate learning and form new associationsassociations
Protein synthesis and phosphokinase Protein synthesis and phosphokinase A (PKA)A (PKA)Hippocampal learningHippocampal learning
Sleep Architecture and Sleep Architecture and PhysiologyPhysiology
Plasticity and LearningPlasticity and LearningVisual deprivation cat studiesVisual deprivation cat studies
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
Approaches to studies of dreamingApproaches to studies of dreaming Identifying isomorphisms betweenIdentifying isomorphisms between
Neurophysiological features of Neurophysiological features of REMREM
Formal properties of REM Formal properties of REM dreamsdreams
Measuring cognitive processesMeasuring cognitive processes
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
Measuring cognitive processesMeasuring cognitive processes Semantic priming favors weaker Semantic priming favors weaker
associations after REM associations after REM awakenings than after NREM awakenings than after NREM awakeningsawakenings
Solving anagrams is similarly Solving anagrams is similarly enhanced after REM compared enhanced after REM compared with NREM awakeningswith NREM awakenings
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
Semantic priming across wake-sleep Semantic priming across wake-sleep statesstates
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
REM favors more fluid thinking than REM favors more fluid thinking than NREMNREM
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
Physiological characteristics of REMPhysiological characteristics of REM Shift in neuromodulatory balanceShift in neuromodulatory balance ↓ ↓ activity in DLPFC & ↑ activity in activity in DLPFC & ↑ activity in
anterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and amygdalaamygdala
Decreased outflow of information Decreased outflow of information from hippocampus to neocortexfrom hippocampus to neocortex
Cognitive Processing in Cognitive Processing in REM and NREMREM and NREM
The brain in REM is tuned more for The brain in REM is tuned more for the processing of associative the processing of associative memories than for the simple memories than for the simple consolidation of recent memory consolidation of recent memory tracestraces
Dreams and MemoryDreams and Memory
Verbal reportsVerbal reports More hallucinations and less More hallucinations and less
directed thinkingdirected thinking Memory sourcesMemory sources
Episodic memoryEpisodic memory
Dreams and MemoryDreams and Memory
Emotions and Emotions and dreamingdreaming PhysiologyPhysiology
Sleep onset Sleep onset dreamingdreaming Video game Video game
studiesstudies
Dream TheoriesDream Theories
Important QuestionsImportant Questions How dreams are constructedHow dreams are constructed What is the purpose of the What is the purpose of the
constructionconstruction Non-uniform statesNon-uniform states Unique REM physiologyUnique REM physiology
Weak neo-cortical associationsWeak neo-cortical associations
Dream TheoriesDream Theories
Role of dreamingRole of dreaming Evaluating neocortical associationEvaluating neocortical association Strengthening or weakening Strengthening or weakening
associationsassociations
Thank you!Thank you!