SleepDreams

Hypnosis

SLEEP DISORDERS

INSOMNIA• 1 IN 10 ADULTS RECURRING

PROBLEMS IN FALLING OR STAYING ASLEEP• EXERCISE, AVOID CAFFEINE, AND

HAVE REGULATED SLEEP Helps prevent insomnia

NARCOLEPSY• A SLEEP DISORDER

CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLABLE SLEEP ATACKS• MAY LAPSE Directly INTO REM

SLEEP lasting 5 to 10 minutes• 1 IN 2000

SLEEP APNEA• THIS IS WHEN BREATHING STOPS

DURING SLEEP• 1 IN 20 • APNEA MEANS NO BREATH• A Person WAKES But THEY DON’T

KNOW THEY’RE DOING IT, • CAN BE CONNECTED TO OBESITY.

NIGHT TERRORS•MOSTLY IN CHILDREN• THEY SELDOM WAKE UP FULLY

DURING AN EPISODE AND RECALL LITTLE•MOST HAVE A FRIGHTENING

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SLEEP WALKING• IS A STAGE 4 SLEEP DISORDER• THE LONGER YOUR ASLEEP IN

STAGE 4 THE MORE LIKELY TO SLEEP WALK• EVENTUALLY ENDS FROM

DECREASE IN STAGE 4

We Dream To Satisfy our own wishes

• Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” – expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content (hidden message).

• Freud considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict

• Some contend that even if dreams are symbolic, they could be interpreted any way one wished.

We Dream To File Away Memories

• Information- Processing• Dreams help us sore out the day’s events and

consolidate our memories • There is a link between REM Sleep and

memory

We Dream To Develop and Preserve

Neural Pathways

• Physiological Function• Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may

help develop and preserve neural pathways• Makes developmental sense

We Dream to To Make Sense of Neural Static

• Activation- Synthesis• REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes

random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

• Damage to the limbic system (emotional tone to visual bursts) and the visual centers (frontal lobe) will impair dreaming

We DreamTo Reflect Cognitive Development

• Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding

• Dreams are a part of brain maturation and cognitive development

REM Rebound• Tendency for REM sleep to increase following

REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

• Biological and psychological explanations of behavior are partners not competitors

What is Hypnosis

• Hypnosis- a social interaction in which they hypnotist suggests to a subject that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Can anyone experience hypnosis?

• Everyone is open to suggestions but how much suggestion determines how “hypnotizable” someone is.

• People that are more imaginative, more likely to get lost in movies or other forms of fiction are more hypnotizable.

• About 20% of all people are highly hypnotizable

Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?

• Most of the research preformed in the last sixty years suggests that the ability to recover childhood memories is false.

• Hypnotically refreshed memories are guided by the hypnotist and then the subject combines fact and fiction

Can hypnosis force people to act against their will?

• NO

Can Hypnosis be Therapeutic?• It has helped with headaches, asthma, stress-

related skin disorders, and obesity.• Drug, alcohol, and smoking addictions do not

respond.

Posthypnotic Suggestions

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon

• Some researches believe that hypnotic phenomena reflect the workings of normal consciousness and the power of social influence

• The more someone likes or trusts the hypnotist, the more they allow that person to direct their attention

• Advocates of the social influence theory contend that hypnotic phenomena are an extension of everyday social behavior not hypnosis.

Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness

• Distinctive brain activity accompanies hypnosis.

• Many believe hypnosis involves not only social influence but also a dissociation- a split between different levels of consciousness

• Selective attention may also cause hypnosis

Social Phenomenon or Divided Consciousness?

• Belief that there are no contradictions between the two approaches

• Hypnosis is an extension both of normal principles of social influence and of everyday dissociations between our conscious awareness and our automatic behaviors