Sleep Quality and Sleep Related Problem

Associated with Female Pharmacy Students

By:

Jyoti Jha and

Renu

Banasthali Vidayapith

Dr.KS Rathore, BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur

INTRODUCTIONSleep is an essential component for adolescent

growth and today's young adolescents are deprived of it.

Occupies 1/3 of our Lives (3,000 hrs /year)

Necessary for Physical and Mental Health

$50 Billion / Year in Lost Productivity

Reference : Wikipedia and the Sleep DE cerce’s

PPT present in different universities.

Age Average Amount of sleep

Newborn Upto 18 hours

1-12 months 14-18 hours

1-3 years 12-15 hours

3-5 years 11-13 hours

5-12 years 9-11 hours

Adolescents 9-10 hours

Adults Including elders 7-8(+) hours

Who needs sleep ???? We do !!!!

As per above studies 8-9 hours are recommended sleep durations for adolescents, but our recent studies reveals that college students sleep has decreased from 7 hours 45 minute in 1969 to 7 hours in 2009 (LUND H.G. at al 2010)

Reference: http://www.helpguide.org

Symptoms of Sleep Deprivation As per our recent study low sleep quality, sleep disturbances and at least sleep dissatisfaction are prevalent among most college undergraduates which leads to: (REFF)

Poor Academic performance Depressed mood Irritability Day time sleepiness Drowsiness Mood swing

It has also been shown that as the pharmacy students progressed through their courses, their day time sleepiness increased and sleepier student did not achieve as good as others.

Sleep quality & the factor which affect it are not explore yet in Indian context

Therefore, the present study was design to investigate the interrelation between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and academic progress with sleep quality and sleep problems along with daytime and nighttime habits in young female pharmacy students of India.

AIMS & OBJECTIVE

Materials and Methods Our survey were based on the following data:

Study Areaone of the largest university of India

"Banasthali University"

Total No of students 8540 including 340 Pharmacy student

No.of student surveyed 324 pharmacy student

No.of student considered for

survey 226 pharmacy student

Average age of the participant 19.24 years

Body mass index of the student

(BMI) 19.89kg/m^2

Questionnaire on sleep and daytime habits (QS & DH) :

1. When do you go to bed on weekdays?

2. When do you go to bed in weekends?

3. How long does it take you to fall asleep usually?

4. How many times do you wake up during the night?

5.If you take daytime naps, how long are they?

6. How do you evaluate your sleep quality?

7. How do you evaluate your sleep quality before an exam?

8.How do you evaluate your academic progress?

9. How do you evaluate your leisure activity?

10 How do you evaluate your living condition?

11.Do you think your course curriculum affecting your sleep quality?

12.How often during the week:Do you go to bed at an unusual time (later than usually) at night?

Do you have difficulty in getting to sleep at night?Do you drink coffee late in the evening?

Do you use sleeping pills?Do you wake up because of noise?

Do you wake up because of nightmares?Do you wake up because of talking during sleep?

Do you wake up because of walking during sleep?Do you wake up because of nocturnal eating habits?

Do you wake up because of leg movements or disagreeable leg sensations?Do you snore?

Do you grind your teeth while asleep?Do you wake up too early and have difficulty in getting to sleep again?

Do you feel tired when waking up?Do you feel daytime sleepiness?

Do you feel excessive sleepiness during the lectures?Do you take daytime naps?

Software used for the statistical analysisSPSS 16.0 software package

Method used to find the relationship between sleep quality, night time and

daytime habits, sleep problems, age and BMI Spearman Rank Order Correlations.

RESULTS Five points scale based sleep quality shows the distribution of 226 students as

Sleep Quality

Excellentgoodsatis-factorypoorvery poor38.5%

20.4%35.8 %

4%

According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students was linked on following factors:

Wake up due to noise

ρ =0.257, P=0.000

Nightmares ρ=0.167,P=0.012

Talking during the sleep

ρ =0.140,P=0.036

Wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep

again

ρ =0.217,P=0.001

Feel tired when waking up

ρ=0.202,P=0.002

Daytime naps ρ =0.160,P=0.016

Academic progress ρ=0.151,P=0.023

living conditions ρ =0.168,P=0.011

leisure activity ρ=0.133,P=0.045

Four points scale based Academic progress shows the distribution of 226 students as :

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatis-factory

42.9%

45.6%

9.3 % 2.3

%

According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students Academic progress was linked on following factors:

Wake up due to noise ρ=-0.145;P=0.029

Feel tired when waking up

ρ=-0.193,P=0.004

Daytime naps ρ =-0.146,P=0.028

Excessive sleepiness ρ =-0.315,P=0.000

Excessive leisure activity

ρ =-0.204,P=0.002

Four points scale based leisure activity shows the distribution of 226 students as :

Leisure Activity

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatis-factory

47.8 % 37.6 %

8.4%6.2 %

According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students leisure Activity was linked on following

Wake up due to noise

ρ=0.154,P=0.021

academic progress ρ=0.255,P=0.000

living conditions ρ =0.339,P=0.000

course curriculum activity

ρ =-0.204,P=0.002

difficulty in getting sleep at night

ρ =0.253, P=0.000

Four point scale measurement of students living condition showed following distribution :

Living condition

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatis-factory

36.7 %48.7%

9.7%4.9 %

According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, living conditions were associated with

Course Curriculam: From our study on female pharmacy students, it was shown that course curriculum affects a no. of sleep habits like:

Timing of going to bed on weekdays ρ -0.147, P-Value 0.027Timing of going to bed on weekends ρ -0.163, P-Value 0.014

Sleep quality before exam ρ-0.221, P-Value 0.001Going to bed at an unusual time ρ -0.156, P-Value 0.019

Wake up due to noise ρ -0.145, P-Value 0.029grinding teeth while asleep ρ -0.133, P-Value 0.046feel tired when waking up ρ -0.193, P-Value 0.004feeling daytime sleepiness ρ -0.146, P-Value 0.028

excessive sleepiness in lectures ρ -0.315, P-Value 0.000leisure activity ρ -0.204, P-Value 0.002

leisure activity ρ =0.339, P=0.000

academic progress ρ =0.335, P=0.000

feel tiredness while wake up

ρ =0.203, P=0.002

grind teeth while sleep

ρ =0.190, P=0.004

difficulty in getting sleep at night

ρ =0.158, P=0.018

Insomnia Symptom : The prevalence of nocturnal sleep disturbance symptoms were as follows:

60.2

4.45.80.90.43.1

8.4

24.3

12.4

8.4

0.4 6.60.4

Factors % value

Sleep latency (after 1 A.M ) 60.2

difficulty getting to sleep at night (DGS) every night 4.4

waking up due to noise at night (NN) 5.8

nightmares (NM) 0.9

nocturnal eating habits (NE) 0.4

leg movements (LM) for 3-5 nights per week 3.1

tiredness in the morning (TM) for every night 8.4

daytime sleepiness (DS) for every night 24.3

daytime sleepiness during classes (DSS) 12.4

daytime sleepiness in free time (DSF) for 3-5 nights per week 8.4

snoring (S) 0.4

sleep-talking (ST) 6.6

sleepwalking (SW) 0.4

ConclusionOur studies and data reveals that : Sleep disorders are common

Sleep disorders are serious Factors which are associated to sleep quality are:

• Wake up due to noise• Night mares• talking during the sleep• wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again• feel tired when waking up• daytime naps, academic progress, living conditions & leisure activity

• Factors which are not associated to sleep quality are:

students academic progress was found to be associated with noise, feel tired when wakeup, daytime sleepiness & excessive leisure activity while age, BMI, day time & night time activities were not found to be associated with academic progress

Thank You