By:

Jyoti Jha and

Renu

Banasthali Vidayapith

Dr.KS Rathore, BN Institute of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Udaipur

INTRODUCTION

Sleep is an essential component for adolescent growth and today's young adolescents are deprived of it.

Occupies 1/3 of our Lives (3,000 hrs /year)

Necessary for Physical and Mental Health

$50 Billion / Year in Lost Productivity

Reference : Wikipedia and the Sleep DE cerce’s

PPT present in different universities.

Age Average Amount of sleep

Newborn Upto 18 hours

1-12 months 14-18 hours

1-3 years 12-15 hours

3-5 years 11-13 hours

5-12 years 9-11 hours

Adolescents 9-10 hours

Adults Including elders 7-8(+) hours

As per above studies 8-9 hours are recommended sleep

durations for adolescents, but our recent studies reveals that

college students sleep has decreased from 7 hours 45 minute in 1969 to 7 hours in 2009 (LUND H.G. at al 2010)

Reference: http://www.helpguide.org

As per our recent study low sleep quality, sleep disturbances and at

least sleep dissatisfaction are prevalent among most college

undergraduates which leads to: (REFF)

Poor Academic performance

Depressed mood

Irritability

Day time sleepiness

Drowsiness

Mood swing

It has also been shown that as the pharmacy students progressed

through their courses, their day time sleepiness increased and sleepier

student did not achieve as good as others.

Sleep quality & the factor which affect it are not

explore yet in Indian context

Therefore, the present study was design to

investigate the interrelation between demographic

characteristics, lifestyle and academic progress with

sleep quality and sleep problems along with daytime

and nighttime habits in young female pharmacystudents of India.

Our survey were based on the following data:

Study Area

one of the largest university of India

"Banasthali University"

Total No of

students 8540 including 340 Pharmacy student

No.of student

surveyed 324 pharmacy student

No.of student

considered for

survey 226 pharmacy student

Average age of the

participant 19.24 years

Body mass index of

the student (BMI) 19.89kg/m^2

Questionnaire on sleep and daytime habits (QS & DH) :

1. When do you go to bed on weekdays?

2. When do you go to bed in weekends?

3. How long does it take you to fall asleep usually?

4. How many times do you wake up during the night?

5.If you take daytime naps, how long are they?

6. How do you evaluate your sleep quality?

7. How do you evaluate your sleep quality before an exam?

8.How do you evaluate your academic progress?

9. How do you evaluate your leisure activity?

10 How do you evaluate your living condition?

11.Do you think your course curriculum affecting your sleep quality?

12.How often during the week:

Do you go to bed at an unusual time (later than usually) at night?

Do you have difficulty in getting to sleep at night?

Do you drink coffee late in the evening?

Do you use sleeping pills?

Do you wake up because of noise?

Do you wake up because of nightmares?

Do you wake up because of talking during sleep?

Do you wake up because of walking during sleep?

Do you wake up because of nocturnal eating habits?

Do you wake up because of leg movements or disagreeable leg sensations?

Do you snore?

Do you grind your teeth while asleep?

Do you wake up too early and have difficulty in getting to sleep again?

Do you feel tired when waking up?

Do you feel daytime sleepiness?

Do you feel excessive sleepiness during the lectures?

Do you take daytime naps?

Software used for the statistical analysisSPSS 16.0 software package

Method used to find the relationship between

sleep quality, night time and daytime habits,

sleep problems, age and BMI

Spearman Rank Order Correlations.

Five points scale based sleep quality shows the distribution of 226 students as

Sleep Quality

Excellent

good

satisfactory

poor

very poor38.5%

20.4%

35.8 %

4%

According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students was linked on following factors:

Wake up due to noise ρ =0.257, P=0.000

Nightmares ρ=0.167,P=0.012

Talking during the

sleepρ =0.140,P=0.036

Wake up too early &

have difficulty in

getting to sleep

again

ρ =0.217,P=0.001

Feel tired when

waking upρ=0.202,P=0.002

Daytime naps ρ =0.160,P=0.016

Academic progress ρ=0.151,P=0.023

living conditions ρ =0.168,P=0.011

leisure activity ρ=0.133,P=0.045

Four points scale based Academic progress shows the distribution of 226 students

as :

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

42.9%

45.6%

9.3 %

According to Spearman Rank Order

Correlation, students Academic

progress was linked on following

factors:

Wake up due to noise ρ=-0.145;P=0.029

Feel tired when

waking upρ=-0.193,P=0.004

Daytime naps ρ =-0.146,P=0.028

Excessive sleepiness ρ =-0.315,P=0.000

Excessive leisure

activityρ =-0.204,P=0.002

Four points scale based leisure activity shows the distribution of 226 students as :

Leisure Activity

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

47.8 % 37.6 %

8.4%6.2 %

According to Spearman Rank

Order Correlation, students leisure

Activity was linked on following

Wake up due to noise ρ=0.154,P=0.021

academic progress ρ=0.255,P=0.000

living conditions ρ =0.339,P=0.000

course curriculum

activity ρ =-0.204,P=0.002

difficulty in getting

sleep at night ρ =0.253, P=0.000

Four point scale measurement of students living condition showed following

distribution :

Living condition

Excellent

good

satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

36.7 %

48.7%

9.7%

4.9 %

According to Spearman Rank Order

Correlation, living conditions were

associated with

Course Curriculam: From our study on female pharmacy students, it was shown

that course curriculum affects a no. of sleep habits like:

Timing of going to bed on weekdays ρ -0.147, P-Value 0.027

Timing of going to bed on weekends ρ -0.163, P-Value 0.014

Sleep quality before exam ρ-0.221, P-Value 0.001

Going to bed at an unusual time ρ -0.156, P-Value 0.019

Wake up due to noise ρ -0.145, P-Value 0.029

grinding teeth while asleep ρ -0.133, P-Value 0.046

feel tired when waking up ρ -0.193, P-Value 0.004

feeling daytime sleepiness ρ -0.146, P-Value 0.028

excessive sleepiness in lectures ρ -0.315, P-Value 0.000

leisure activity ρ -0.204, P-Value 0.002

leisure activity ρ =0.339, P=0.000

academic progress ρ =0.335, P=0.000

feel tiredness while

wake up ρ =0.203, P=0.002

grind teeth while sleep ρ =0.190, P=0.004

difficulty in getting

sleep at night ρ =0.158, P=0.018

Insomnia Symptom : The prevalence of nocturnal sleep disturbance

symptoms were as follows:

60.2

4.4

5.8

0.9

0.4

3.1

8.4

24.3

12.4

8.4

0.4

6.6

0.4

Factors % value

Sleep latency (after 1 A.M ) 60.2

difficulty getting to sleep at night (DGS) every

night 4.4

waking up due to noise at night (NN) 5.8

nightmares (NM) 0.9

nocturnal eating habits (NE) 0.4

leg movements (LM) for 3-5 nights per week 3.1

tiredness in the morning (TM) for every night 8.4

daytime sleepiness (DS) for every night 24.3

daytime sleepiness during classes (DSS) 12.4

daytime sleepiness in free time (DSF) for 3-5

nights per week 8.4

snoring (S) 0.4

sleep-talking (ST) 6.6

sleepwalking (SW) 0.4

Our studies and data reveals that : Sleep disorders are common

Sleep disorders are serious

Factors which are associated to sleep quality are:

• Wake up due to noise

• Night mares

• talking during the sleep

• wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again

• feel tired when waking up

• daytime naps, academic progress, living conditions & leisure activity

•Factors which are not associated to sleep quality are:

students academic progress was found to be associated with noise, feel

tired when wakeup, daytime sleepiness & excessive leisure activity while

age, BMI, day time & night time activities were not found to be associated

with academic progress

Thank You