SLEEP DISORDERS

FOUR CATEGORIES OF SLEEP DISORDERS

1. Primary Sleep Disorder- are those not attributed to other cause and include dyssomias and parasomnias

2. Sleep DO related to another mental DO

3. Sleep DO due to another medical condition

4. Substance- induced sleep DO

1.1 DYSSOMIAS- PRIMARY DISORDERS OF INITIATING OR MAINTAINING SLEEP, AND OR EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS AND ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ABNORMALITIES IN THE AMOUNT, QUALITY OR TIMING OF SLEEP.

1.1.1 Primary insomnia- difficulty of initiating or maintaining sleep that lasts for one month and causes significant distress or impairments of functioning

1.1.2 Primary hypersomnia- excessive sleepiness for at least one month y=that involves either prolonged sleep episodes or daily daytime sleeping that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning

1.1.3. Narcolepsy- excessive sleepiness characterized by repeated irresistible sleep attacks, may also experience

- catalepsy ( sudden episodes of bilateral, reversible loss of muscle tone that lasts for seconds to minutes

- Recurrent intrusions of REM sleep in the sleep- wake transition, manifested by paralysis of the voluntary muscles or dream- like hallucinations

1.1.4. Breathing related sleep DO- sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or, less commonly, insomnia caused by abnormalities in ventilation during sleep.

- Obstructive sleep apnea (repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction

- Central sleep apnea ( episodic cessation of ventilation without airway obstruction

- Central alveolar hypoventilation (hypoventilation resulting in low arterial oxygen levels

1.1.5. Circadian rhythm sleep DO (sleep- wake schedule DO)- persistent or recurring sleep disorder resulting from altered functioning of circadian rhythm or a mismatch between circadian rhythm and external demands

subtypes:delayed sleep phaseshift workunspecified

1.2. PARASOMIAS- RE ABNORMAL BEHAVIORAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP, SPECIFIC SLEEP STAGES, OR SLEEP- WAKE TRANSITION.

1.2.1. Nightmare DO- repeated occurrence of frightening dreams that leads to waking from sleep

1.2.2. Sleep terror DO- repeated occurrence of abrupt awakenings from sleep associated with panicky scream or cry.

1.2.3. Sleepwalking DO- repeated episodes of complex motor behavior initiated during sleep, including getting out of bed and walking around

SLEEP HYGIENE MEASURES

- Establish a regular schedule for going to bed and arising

- Avoid sleep deprivation and the desire to catch up

- Do not eat large meal before bedtime- Avoid daytime naps- Exercise daily- Minimize or eliminate caffeine and

nicotine ingestion

SLEEP HYGIENE MEASURES

- Do not look at the clock while you are lying down

- Keep the temperature in the bedroom slightly cool

- Do not drink alcohol in an attempt to sleep- Do not use bed for reading, working,

watching television, etc.- Writing worry on a piece of paper- Soft music, relaxation tapes ...........

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