Ultradian, Circadian, and Sleep- Dependent Features of Dreaming 49
SLEEP AND DREAMING
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Transcript of SLEEP AND DREAMING
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SLEEP AND
DREAMING
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November 29, 2012November 29, 2012
Objectives: To develop an understanding of Sleep and Dreams.
Question: How many hours of sleep a night do you get? How many hours does the average teenager need?
Agenda: Notes/New Vocab & Obj.
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Electroencephalogram EEG - brain wave activity
Electro-oculogram EOG - eye movement activity
Electromyogram EMG - muscle activity
SLEEP RESEARCH
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WAKING EEG ACTIVITY Alpha wave
synchronous - regular 8 - 12 Hz (cps) high amplitude, low frequency characteristic of relaxed wakefulness
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Beta wave
desynchronous - irregular 13 - 40 Hz (cps) low amplitude, high frequency
characteristic of behavioral arousal
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NREM - 4 stages• Stage 1 - irregular EEG, slow eye movements
• Stage 2 - sleep spindles
SLEEPING EEG ACTIVITY
TWO STATES OF SLEEP
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• Stage 3 - high amplitude delta waves appear
• Stage 4 - dominated by delta waves, 1 - 4 Hz
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NREM sleep also known as • slow wave sleep - SWS• quiet sleep - physiological processes slow down
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Final 5Final 5
What is the stage of sleep when we may experience hallucinations or a sense of falling?
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REM SLEEP EEG - irregular beta waves reappear
REM sleep also known as • paradoxical sleep• dream sleep - most vivid dreams occur now
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• and active sleep - physiological processes speed up
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but you are
PARALYZED
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NREM-REM cycles last about 90 min 1st half of night NREM REM
much stage 3 and 4, short REM periods
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2nd half of night NREM REM
very little stage 3 and 4, longer REM periods
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STAMP TEST Impotence Physical or psychological
disorder?
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WHY DO WE SLEEP AND
WHY DO WE DREAM? Two major
hypotheses - Sleep is a restorative process
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but what is restored? The body? NO
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The brain? YesSleep deprivation increases SWS, not REM
Exercise that increases brain temperature increases SWS
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an evolutionary relic-
formerly adaptive
response, no longer
needed, but built in
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Circadian Activity endogenous 25 hr cycle entrained to 24 hr day by
suprachiasmatic nucleus
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How much sleep do you need?
Answer - tremendous variability
Leonardo da Vinci
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What are the effects of total sleep deprivation?
Peter Tripp - abnormal behavior
Randy Gardner - just sleepy
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What are the effects of long sleep
periods?14 hours of darkness for 30 days
Humans sleep likechipmunks
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0 Time - Hrs 14
%Time inSleep
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF
DREAMS?
Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely INSANE every night of our lives.
---- William Dement
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CAN YOU INTERPRET
THISDREAM?
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I was walking down the steps of the library, wearing my nightgown, cradling a bowl of raspberry Jell-O in my arms. At the foot of the staircase I could see the dim figure of my high school algebra teacher. His right arm was upraised and he was shouting at me, but I could not make out the words.
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Suddenly, the scene shifted. I was traveling through a dense forest. The sun was setting and the forest deepened in darkness. I felt afraid. An unseen menace seemed to be following, but when I glanced back in fear, I saw one. I tried to run faster, but my legs would not respond. I was powerless to escape.
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Freud - dreams are windows to the unconscious mind, dreams represent wish fulfillment - distinguish between manifest (actual) content and latent (hidden) content
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Crick and Mitchinson - dreams erase information, we dream to forget
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Hobson and McCarley - Activation/synthesis hypothesis - Dreams have no hidden meaning - simply by-products of brain activity
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Winson - dreams process information into memory
Echida (spiny anteater) - no REM, large frontal lobes
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats?
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely Dolphins?
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely Dolphins? ??????
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely
Dolphins? ?????? No REM sleep
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Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely
Dolphins? ?????? No REM sleep SWS alternates between hemispheres
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SLEEP DISORDER
S
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Sleep apnea - cannot sleep and breathe at the same time - may be related to sudden infant death syndrome - SIDS - controversial
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Narcolepsy - attack of REM sleep,
often triggered by emotional arousal
1 in 5000 people
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Therapies for Narcolepsy
Stimulant drugs such as amphetamine - adverse side effects
New Drug - Provigil - not yet approved by FDA - few side effects - not a stimulant -
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Sleep walking (somnabulism) and talking - genetic component
Occurs during slow wave sleep
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Night terrorsSudden arousal from slow wave sleep
Nightmares occur during REM sleep
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Pseudoinsomnia Recurring dreams of insomnia
Insomnias
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Drug-Induced Insomnias
Barbiturates lethal in overdose benzodiazepines - Halcion comparatively safe in overdose
lethal in combination with alcohol
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SLEEPING PILLS
CAUSE INSOMNIA,
not normal sleep
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Treatments for Insomnia
Melatonin Mild hypnotic effect Increases longevity?
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Treatments for Insomnia
Exposure to bright light during morning hours
Where do you shine the light?
Eyes. Where else? Behind your knees
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Tryptophan Precursor of serotonin, induces normal sleep
Carbohydrates, not proteins, increase brain tryptophan levels
Treatments for Insomnia
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Eat graham cracker cookies before bedtime, not a glass of warm milk
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Treatments for Insomnia
Develop good sleep habits
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Two ExamplesTwo Examples Never sleep late on the weekends - always get up at the same time
Use your bed only for sleeping, nothing else!
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