SLEEP

Laura Morales Albertos

Laude El Altillo School

2º Bachillerato

Index

IntroductionStages of sleepSleepwalkingSleep ApneaSomniloquySummaryQuestions

Introduction

What is sleep?

Reduced or absent consciousnessSensory activity suspendedInactivity of voluntary muscles

Introduction

Brain areas involved in the sleep:

Front hypothalamus->Sleep

Back hypothalamus->Wakefulness

Sleep Stages

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)

Sleep Stages: NREM

Stage 1:

Duration: 4-5%Transition: wakefulness to sleepHallucinationsLoss muscle toneLoss of consciousnessHypnic Myoclonia -> Abrupt AwakeningEyes movement -> Very Slow

Sleep Stages: NREM

Stage 2:

Duration: 45-55%Any eye activityMuscular activity decreasesConsciousness disappears

Sleep Stages: NREM

Stage 3:

Duration: 4-6%Transitional period: light -> deep sleep

Sleep Stages: NREM

Stage 4:

Duration: 12-15%Deep sleepParasomnias (Sleep disorder): Night terrorsNocturnal enuresisSleepwalkingSomniloquy

Sleep Stages: REM

Duration: 20-25%Movement of eyes -> Very FastMemorable dreamsMuscles paralysed

Sleepwalking

Sleep disorderDevelop automatic motor activitiesUnconsciouslyNo communicationDuration undetermined: 30 seconds - 30 minutesOccurs during Phase 3 (NREM)

Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorderPauses in breathing (apnea)Duration undetermined: few seconds – minutesThere are three forms: -Obstructive -Central -Mixed

Sleep Apnea: Obstructive

The most common sleep-disordered breathingMuscles are relaxedObstruct the airway

Sleep Apnea: Obstructive

The most common sleep-disordered breathingMuscles are relaxedObstruct the airway

Sleep Apnea: Central

Brain’s respiratory control centers imbalancedNo effort to breatheNo chest movementsCompensatory Mechanism: -Blow off waste gases-Absorb Oxygen

Sleep Apnea: Mixed

Combination of:-Obstructive-Central

Somniloquy

ParasomniaTalk aloudCan occur many times during sleepListeners: may or may not understandOccurs usually during NREMCan also occur during REM->Dreaming

Summary

What is sleep?Brain areas involved in the sleepSleep stages: NREM and REMSleepwalkingSleep Apnea: Obstructive, Central and MixedSomniloquy

Questions

1. Which brain areas are invloved in the sleep? (Choose the Wrong answer).

a)Back region of the hypothalamus.b)Front region of the hypothalamus.c)Middle region of the hypothalamus.

Questions

2. Which stages are known as Light Sleep Phase?

a)Stages 1 and 2.b)Stages 2 and 3.c)Stages 3 and 4.

Questions

3. Sleepwalking occurs during...

a)Phase 3 (NREM).b)Phase 4 (NREM).c)REM.

Questions

4. There are three forms of sleep apnea: (Choose the Wrong answer)

a)Obstructiveb)Externalc)Mixed

Questions

5. Memorable dreams occurs in...

a)Stage 4 (NREM).b)Stage 3 (NREM).c)REM

Thank you for your attention