Daniel Gaido A Materialist Analysis of Slavery and Sharecropping in the Southern United States
Slavery in the United States
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Transcript of Slavery in the United States
Slavery in the United States
The slave-ship Brookes
(1788)
Fig I lengthwise cross-section
Fig II breadthwise cross-section: men
Fig IIIbreadthwise cross-section:
women
Fig IV lower deck with platforms
Fig V lower deck without platforms
Fig VI half-deck with platforms
Fig VII half-deck with platforms
A lower deck
B lower deck: breath
C men's section
D platform: men's section
E boy's section
F platforms:
G women's section
H platforms: women's section
I gun room
K quarter deck
L cabin
Inside a Slave Ship
19th Century: A diagram depicting the proper way to pack and ship slaves across the atlantic ocean
Massachusetts was the first colony to legalize slavery in 1641
US Population Timeline First English settlement: Roanoke, Va 1785
Jamestown in 1607 1600-1619: est. 210
Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock in 1620 1620-1629: est. 2499
1,000 Puritans arrive in Massachusetts in 1630 1630-1639: est. 5700
Within 10 years, 20,000 Puritans arrive in Massachusetts 1640-1649: est. 27,947 1650-1659: est. 51,700 1660-1669: est. 84,800 1670-1679: est. 114,500 1680-1689: est. 155,600 1690-1699: est. 213,500 1700-1709: est. 275,000 1710-1719: est. 357,500 1720-1729: est. 474,388 1730-1739: est. 654,950 1740-1749: est. 889,000 1750-1759: est. 1,207,000 1760-1769: est. 1,610,000
1655 The First Slave Auction at New Amsterdam
Slave Sale Ad
1861: The selling of slaves at U.S. auctions was a profitable business venture for individuals looking to make a large profit on a minimal investment.
Charleston Slave Market
1857: A slave owner brands his slaves in order to help him "keep track of merchandise."
Punishments for slaves
Slave Codes• Slave codes were laws meant
to control slaves.
• These codes forbid slaves from learning to read, owning firearms, or marrying a white person.
• The penalty a slave faced for learning to read was having a thumb cut off!
• These laws also made the children born to slaves automatically slaves for life (generational slavery).
1823 Sugar slavery in Latin America
A cotton plantation on the Mississippi River
Anti-Slavery
Lundy formed the first anti-slaverysociety in 1815
Human Rights and the Rights of Slaves
Summary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Everyone has the right to:Be born free and should be treated in the
same wayBe treated as equals, despite differences in
language, sex, colour etc.Life and to live in freedom and safetyBe recognized by the lawBe treated equally before the lawAsk for help when their rights are not respectedA fair trialTo be presumed innocent until proven guiltyPrivacyTravel within and to and from their own countryAsylumA nationalityMarryOwn property and thingsFreedom of thought, conscience and religionFreedom of opinion and expression
Meet with others
Take part in government and to vote
Social security
Work and join a trade union
Rest and leisure
An adequate standard of living and medical help
Education
Take part in their community’s cultural life
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order that is necessary for these rights
Everyone has the right not to:
Be held in slavery
Be hurt or tortured
Be imprisoned unjustly
Everyone:
Must respect the rights of others
No-one can take away any of the rights in this declaration
The rights of slaves 1764
Slaves are property and can be sold
Masters can do as they like with their slaves
Masters must destroy slave culture
Slaves are given new names
Slaves can be killed
Slaves cannot marry
Slaves cannot be educated
Slaves must be locked up at night
Slaves must wear a ball and chain
Slaves cannot become Christians
Slaves cannot possess property/sell anything
All blacks are slaves
Slaves’ children are the property of the master
Modern Slavery
• forced to work -- through mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an 'employer', usually through mental or physical abuse or threatened abuse;
• dehumanized, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as 'property';
• physically constrained or has restrictions placed on his/her freedom of movement.
My first boss bought me and beat me - Kadum, 18Cambodia
Dieusibon Delice ran away from the abuses he faced as a child domestic worker and is now living in a shelter in Haiti
Many migrant workers are trafficked into the United States and are forced to harvest crops on farms in Florida
Jiera (19, Lithuanian) was a victim of human trafficking. "My life has been ruined... They trafficked me into prostitution when I was 17." What Jiera thought was going to be a holiday in London became a nightmare before she escaped with the help of a Lithuanian punter.
Whole families are in bonded labour. Kailash Bhika, 28, with his wife, Rambeti, 24, daughter
Ratma, 4 and son Kalv (18 mo)
Boy bonded labourer Pakistan (Sindh Province)
http://slaveryfootprint.org