Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North...
-
Upload
augustine-hall -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North...
![Page 1: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Slavery and Southern Economy
![Page 2: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Divergent Paths
•Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage laborers•Thanks to “King Cotton”, the South grew more and more to rely on slave labor to underpin its way of life
![Page 3: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“KING COTTON”•Invention of Cotton Gin and Louisiana Purchase increased cotton production•Increased demand for slaves – 1.5 million by 1820, despite outlawing slave trade•Southern economy increasingly dependent on crop
•An engraving from Harper's Magazine from 1869 showing the first cotton gin
![Page 4: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cotton Gin
![Page 5: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Supply and Demand
•Slave boundary grew from Georgia to Texas between 1790 and 1860•At first demand met through legal importation, then smuggling•Finally was met by the surplus from the Chesapeake region
![Page 7: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Slave Migration
Slave Population Density Slave Population Density
![Page 8: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Slave Migration
![Page 9: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
I. Southern Economy and Society
A. Once cotton became very profitable, the demand for slave labor skyrocketed
B. Social classes became more rigidly defined:1. Planters – small % of population owned
large plantations2. Yeoman farmers – average family farmers;
majority of white pop.3. Rural poor – lived on unfertile land4. African Americans – 93% of blacks were
enslaved in SouthC. Most southerners owned no slaves, but it was built
into southern society, economy, and culture.
![Page 10: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Domestic Slave Trade
•Profitable to both upper and lower south states•Reinforced status as property•Destroyed 25 percent of slave marriages•White southerners continued to believe in “paternalistic” aspect of slavery
![Page 11: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Planter Elite
About 3,000 owned more than 100 slaves
Believed in republican aristocracy
In the Chesapeake region slave ownership was more diffused
In the Cotton South of Alabama and Mississippi, second group of planters : market-driven entrepreneurs
![Page 12: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Non-Slave Owning Whites•The percentage of white families who owned slaves decreased over time•“Smallholders” worked alongside their slaves•Propertyless whites garnered little respect, still had to serve in militias•Gained only psychological satisfaction they ranked above blacks•“In a slave country, every free man is an aristocrat”
![Page 13: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SlaveryA. Field slaves were organized two different ways:
1. Task system – each slave completed a specific job each day
2. Gang system – work gangs plowed and planted from sunup-sundown
B. House servants lived much differently than the field hands
C. Slave codes prohibited Blacks from owning property, leaving slaveholder’s premises, possessing firearms, testify against whites, and learning to read/write
![Page 14: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Proslavery Argument
•Peculiar Institution – A term that John C. Calhoun coined to describe Southern slavery
– In Calhoun’s view, slavery was not “an evil” or a cause of shame but rather “a good—a positive good” to be championed.
![Page 15: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
III. Coping with EnslavementA. African American culture began developing
1. sang songs (spirituals), told folktales, blended Christianity with African religious traditions, developed their own vernacular (style of language)
B. Resisted their owners:1. Slowed down their work2. Broke tools and machinery3. Set fire to barns and houses4. Ran away
C. Some organized revolts (i.e., Gabrielle, Vesey, Nat Turner)
![Page 17: Slavery and Southern Economy. Divergent Paths Due to the “Market Revolution”, the North developed an economic centered on industry, commerce and wage.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd6c4a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Nat Turner’s Rebellion – A 1831 slave uprising in Virginia led by Nat Turner that shocked many in the South and led to a host of new repressive measures against slaves