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7/21/2019 Sky & Telescope

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Telescope Alignment Made Easy

How to Draw the Moon p. 54

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What Put the Bang in the Big Ban

Explore the Nearby Milky Way p.

T H E E S S E N T I A L G U I D E TO A S T R O N O M Y

Spot the Other BLUE PLANETS p. 5

Eclipse from the EDGE OF SPACE p. 66

See Sirius B: The Nearest WHITE DWARF p.

Cosmic

Gold RushRacing to find exploding stars p. 6

OCTOBER 2013



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O VOL. 126, NO. 4

MONTHLY SKY PODCASTLin a w guid u hruhi mnh’ ia igh.SandT.m/da

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S & T : R O B E R T N A E Y E

Editor in Chief




Letters

Write to Letters to the Editor, Sky & Telescope,

90 Sherman St., Cambridge, MA 02140-3264,

or send e-mail to [email protected].

Please limit your comments to 250 words.

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Pedro Lilienfeld

Lexington, Massachusetts

Editor’s Note: Good point. There is compelling

evidence that galaxies are enveloped in halosof dark matter. However, dark matter hasbeen detected only by its gravitational effects,

and Crossen’s article was concerned with theaspects of the Milky Way Galaxy that can

be observed directly and studied in detail — hence the omission of dark matter in his tally.

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Santa Fe, New Mexico

Editor’s Note: There are indeed strong rents to interstellar travel. Such travel be fastest if a spacecraft could attain a

fraction of the speed of light, or circumthe distance problem in another way (

holes, for example). However, at 50% speed the bombardment of particles frothe interstellar medium would act as l

bullets — a 1-milligram particle movin150,000 kilometers per second would h

kinetic energy of a 45-kg (100-pound) traveling at 22 km/s (14 miles per seco

On the other hand, if civilizations are engaging in interstellar travel, they mimove through the galaxy at slower spe

particularly if they send machines raththan biological creatures. Some scient

have argued that such efforts could en

civilizations to colonize the galaxy in million years, a possibility that led phyEnrico Fermi to ask, “Where is everyb

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S&T: LEAH TISCIONE



October 1938

Pamar Prgr

“Ahugh i i rbabha h wrd’ arg, h 200-inhrflr fr PamarObrvar in SuhrnCaifrnia, wi n brad fr u fr anhr

ar, . . . h hrh, in whih wi wingh 200-inh , i ihd. On f hm ainaing jb vr amd in , .

. . [hi] rquird ihing wihin 5/1000h f an inh f a rf ir. On hundrd hir-n da wr dvd h a and mrhan w n f wr grund awa.”

World War II would delay the telescope’s

completion for another decade.

October 1963

Wighing a Cm “Hih-r, arnmr havnwn vr i abuh ma f m. Ina fw inan a mha ad vr

a an, wihu auingan rib hang inh an’ rbi. . . .

“A mr dfini anwr ha bn fund frCm 1956 [Wirann] b Eizabh Rmr, ah Fagaff, Arizna, ain f h U.S. NavaObrvar. . . . In Ma, 1957, h nuu f Cm Wirann wa fund b dub. . . .During h nx 2½ ar, brvain a Li,MDnad, and Fagaff hwd a ninua

gradua araing f h w nui. . . .Sh mad h bai aumin ha hi

ra wa qua h vi f a frm hm. Frm hi h auad ha h maf Cm Wirann wa 1017 gram r mwhamr. (Thi i . . . quivan a gd hr1.3 mi in diamr.)”

Roemer’s estimate is very much in line with

the masses of later comets measured via space-

craft flybys.

October 1988

Fir Exan “[BruCamb (Univri f Viria)] and aia. . . hav bn mainghigh ri brva-in f h radia vi-i f 18 brigh, narbar. B aing a ga

bwn hir rgrah and h Canada-Fran-Hawaii T, h urimnarrw abrin in n h brvd -ar ra. Th rvid an aura rfrnagain whih maur h Dr hif f h ar’ wn in. . . .

“S far n n bj, Gamma Chi,ha bn brvd ng nugh d a furbia rid. Thi 3.2-magniud K 1 ubgi-an ma b ird b a ani bd n 1.6im mr maiv han Juir.”

Richard Fienberg was reporting from the 1988

meeting of the International Astronomical Union

in Baltimore. The Campbell team’s discovery of a

planet outside our own solar system would not be

fully confirmed for another 15 years .

75, 50 & 25 Years Ago Roger W. Sinnott

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Gold Canyon, Arizona

Fr h Rrd✹ The photo of Comet PanSTARRS on the

August issue’s page 79 was taken by SteveRiegel, not Rigel as stated.




News Notes

An international team f

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RADIO I Mystery Signals from Space

An ari’ mi f h 64-mr Par

radi hw a brigh radi bur

(ur f) bazing brifl far frm h M

Wa’ an (rd wah a righ). Th Mi

imag i frm a hdrgn-aha fu- m

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■ CAMILLE M. CARLISLE

T g arnm nw a i

vii ub.m/nwbg.



IN BRIEFSTARS I Taming a Stellar Zoo

EARTH I Faint Young Sun? No Problem

Neutron stars

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■ J. KELLY BEATTY

Pluto’s moons christened. Th In

Arnmia Unin ha arvd nam

h nw f Pu’ fiv mn, di

Hubb imag an in 2011–12 (S&T :

2012, ag 14). Th ar Krbr (fr

Sx (fr P5). In Gr mhg, Kr

h hr-hadd guard dg ha rvdad frm aing h undrwrd. (

an ing Crbru i an arid.) S

rivr (and h gdd hrf) ha

Earh frm h undrwrd.

■ J. KELLY BEATTY

Two spacecraft bite the cosmic du

Jun h Frnh a agn CNES d

ha i xan hunr COROT wa

“miin ami” wihin a fw da

Cah-d GALEX bing hu ff. CO

d nding daa a Nvmbr,

nginr hav bn ing fr a

in hn. Th faiur’ xa au r

unnwn, bu i i h nvr

divr wr h nbard mu

giv h ria i ndd ra

ia du a high-nrg ari im

(Th rni wr a n rifi

hr ar, and h’v bn in a

GALEX’ fa i fund-drivn. I br

uravi univr fr a dad and w

fir NASA araf handd vr

rganizain (Cah), bu afr xn

raiing h am fina didd “n

miin n a high n and mv n

rj.” Bh ai wi a ru

ar rnr Earh’ amhr.

■ CAMILLE M. CARLISLE

NASA launches new solar mission

Inrfa Rgin Imaging Srgra

fird ff n a Pgau XL r n Ju

fr a w-ar ud f h narrw ra

in rgin bwn h Sun’ 10,000-

hrmhr and i bazing 1-mii

rna. Equid wih a 20-m (8-in

vi and br ruin

viu rgrah, IRIS wi ar a

f h Sun’ urfa rva faur

a 240 m ar. Th araf wi

nrgi r ha driv h

and ha h rna.

■ SHARI BALOUCHI

SandT.m October 20



In a firstofitskind confirmation,

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EXOPLANETS I A Glassy Blue Jupiter

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■ MARK ZASTROW

C R E D I T . L E F T

IN BRIEF

News Notes

Disk gaps might not signal planets.

Arnmr fn u ha h m

ring in h du ga di niring ung

ar ar aud b n r mr an. Bu

daid imuain b Wadimir Lra (J

Pruin Labrar) and Mar Kuhnr (NASA/Gddard) in h Ju 11h Nature

hw ha h ga migh grw n hir

wn han a w-nwn hia h-

nmnn. Th di’ du abrb arigh,

maing i a ff rn via h h-

ri ff. Th rn id wih

ga mu, haing h ga and maing

i xand. Thi xanin hn riggr a

hang in h ga mu’ rbia d

— an inra fr h mu xanding

ward h ar, a dra fr h xand-

ing awa — whih in urn uh h du

(i mving a i rigina d) in a ring.

Th r rrdu arn fr a rang

f di ; hwvr, i an’ a xain

ga in di wih vr high r w nn-

rain f ga, uh a h nrvria TW

Hdra and Fmahau m.

■ SHARI BALOUCHI

Crowded clusters host planets. Th di-

vr f w mini-Nun arund Sun-i

ar in h n ur NGC 6811 rva

ha ma an an ari in mr rwdd

nighbrhd han rviu hugh.

Uni nw, arnmr had dd n

fur an inid n ur, mard

mr han 800 an fund arund

iad ar. Bu in h Ju 4h Nature,

Sørn Mibm (Harvard-Smihnian Cnr

fr Arhi) and agu rr h

din f Kr-66b and Kr-67b, bh

abu hr im Earh’ radiu and iu-

ad in a biin-ar-d n ur ha

wa ad wih mr han 6,000 ar (100

im dnr han hrizd fr h Sun’

naa nvirnmn) during h ra f anfrmain. Afr nidring hw man an-

Kr hud hav bn ab d

in NGC 6811 if h an-frmain r

wr a w in h dn rgin a i

d whr, h am nud ha

h brv a man a xd.

■ SHARI BALOUCHI

Thi iurain hw h Juir-ma xan HD 189733b, whih hug a K - a

igh-ar awa. Bu dn’ b fd b h bu hu: i’ dfini not habiab.




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News Notes

. . . and Sun Sports Windsock in Interstellar SpaceThree years f brvain

frm NASA’ Inrar Bund-

ar Exrr (IBEX) miin

nfirm ha hargd ari

aing frm h Sun frm a

ng ai muh i a m’,

IBEX rinia invigar

David MCma (SuhwRarh Iniu) annund

a a Ju 9h r brifing. Th

ru a aar in h Ju

10h Astrophysical Journal .

IBEX aunhd in 2008

ma h urbun bundar

bwn h ram uid h

ar m and h hi-

hr, h nrmu bubb

fid wih hargd ari

and magni fid in ha

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h Orin-Tauru brdr. Tha

ugg ha h ar wind

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ar a i mv hrugh h

gaax. Ahugh dai ar i

vagu, h ai rbab rm-

b h ng ramr raiing

bhind h ar Mira (S&T : Ari

2012, ag 20).

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MCma admi.

Bad n i ha, hi h

tail i quzd and rad

igh b h inrar m

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ba dird and fland

bung rd. ✦

■■ J. KELLY BEATTY

Rad mr and wah a vid

xaining h hiai’ ha

ub.m/hiai.

20 (12 ) —

f Np’ .

S/2004 N 1 pp -

Np’

q p. B

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Fa Sram



SandT.m October

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Search or Exploding Stars

Doug Rich of Hampden,

Maine, would go out every clear night and observe about

40 galaxies in an effort to discover his first supernova.One by one he would look at galaxies, comparing what he

saw in his telescope with a reference image, hoping each

time that he might see a new spark of light produced by a

star exploding very far away.

But after eight years he had drawn a blank. He finally

realized that if he really wanted to find a supernova, he

needed to upgrade. He bought a CCD camera, built an

observatory with a computerized 10-inch telescope, and

In the effort to discover exploding stars,In the effort to discover exploding stars,

professionals have taken the lead, butprofessionals have taken the lead, but

amateurs have managed to stay in the gamamateurs have managed to stay in the gam

FOR EIGHT YEARS,

Rbr Zimmrman

SUPERNOVA

R ACE

THE

programmed the system to image about 80 galaxies

night. As the telescope ran he would sit in his contr

room and monitor each image as it was taken, compthem by eye to an earlier galaxy image to see if a ne

had appeared.

KABOOM! Th Hubb Sa T aur SN 20

gaax NGC 2403, n 11 miin igh-ar frm Earh. B

f HST’ narrw fid f viw, i i ud muh mr frqu

fw narb urnva han aua divr hm.



SandT.m October

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T, J 2003, -

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The Race Takes ShapeS f p, p

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SUPERNOVA HUNTER Above: Main amaur arnmr

Dug Rih wih hi 16-inh Mad LX200 , whih

h ha ud divr 16 urnva in Nvmbr 2007.

Th r n a Paramun ME mun and i quid wih

an SBIG ST-9XE amra. Rih ha in frmd a am h

r and anaz hi gaax imag. Above right: Dug Rih

augh SN 2005a (arrwd) in ira gaax NGC 3938. A ar

imag hw h gaax afr h urnva had fadd frm viw.

Bottom right: Th marin imag hw h dian gaax

MCG+12-18-22 wih and wihu h vr fain SN 2009gh.

L A U R I E R I C H





J 2007, p 116). S 1980,

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SUPERNOVA SLEUTH B uing hi vivid mmr f gaax

aaran, Auraian amaur Rbr Evan ha divrd

42 urnva viua, igh wih h iurd 12-inh rflr

mad b a amaur frind. Right: Th imag f SN 2000j,

SN 2000du, and SN 2005af (wi frm ur f) wr an

afr Evan divrd hm viua. Wih h advn f CCD

amra, h ra f viua urnva divri i nar vr.

SUPERNOVA TYPESSurnva m in man varii, bu m

invv ihr h xin f a maiv ar (TIb, I, and II) r h xin f a whi dwarf uhd nar . ar ma (T Ia).

M I C H A E L S C H W A R T Z



SandT.m October

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DISCOVERY MACHINE Above: Th a Widng Li (f)

and Ax Fiin wih h Kazman Aumai Imag-

ing T (KAIT), a 30-inh rflr a Li Obrvar.

Arnmr uing KAIT hav divrd nar 1,000 urnva

in i bgan rain in 1997. Right: KAIT imag abu 1,000

gaaxi r nigh, and f war aumaia idnifi nia

nw bj. Undrgradua udn ruiniz h andida

drmin whih n ar i b ra urnva.

DISTANT SUPERNOVAE

Th imag hw urnva

divrd wih KAIT: SN 1998dh

(top left), SN 1999gi (left), and

SN 1999b (above).

L A U R I E H A T C H

A L E X F I L I P P E N K O / W E I D O N G L I / L I C K O B S E R V A T O R Y S U P E R N O V A S E A R C H

A L E X F I L I P P E N K O / W E I D O N G L I / L O S S ( 3 )



Fr in wbi aiad wih

rfina and amaur urnva arh

vii ub.m/urnvara.



The Race Heats Up

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NEW SUPERNOVA SLEUTH Wih i ura-wid fid an

abii g xrm d, h rn mmiind PaSTARRS1 n Maui i aring ran u urn

divri. Th xam abv, SN PS1-12, i an xrm

rar and r undrd T Ibn urnva.

Da frm Pa Brighn

M a g n i t u d e

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14

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Wan Jhnn

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Th viua brvain f SN 1991T rvad h brighning

and fading f a T Ia urnva wih a ariuar w ri.

RO

C F A

S O U R C E : W A Y N E J O H N S O N



N u m b e r o f S u p e

r n o v a e

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,

,

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.”✦

Contributing editor Robert Zimmerman has just released a new electronic edition of his book G: T S f

Ap 8, available at e-book vendors everywhere or on hiswebsite http://behindtheblack.com.

PrfinaAmaur

N u m b e r o f S u p e r n o v a e

Yar

,

,

DISCOVERY RATES Main graph: The red line, based on

publicly reported supernova findings, shows how the total

supernova discovery rate (amateur and professional combined)has skyrocketed in recent years due to the advent of new

professional surveys. Inset: As recently as the early 2000s,

amateurs usually discovered more than half the total number of

new supernovae in a given year. Professionals are now finding

the large majority of supernovae, but amateurs continue to

crank out 100 to 200 each year. Some of the professional teams

are finding so many supernovae that they don’t publicly report

every discovery, so the number of supernovae detected in the

past decade is actually greater than these graphs indicate.

SUPERNOVA FACTORY The Palomar Transient Factory team

uses the 48-inch Oschin Schmidt telescope at Palomar Obser-

vatory. In June 2013, the group discovered a Type Ib supernova(provisionally named iPTF13bvn) in spiral galaxy NGC 5806.

I A I R A R C A V I

R O B E

R T Q U I M

B Y

S O U R C E : I A U C E N T R A L B U R E A U F O R A S T R O N

O M I C A L T E L E G R A M S /

A S T R O N O M Y S E C T I O N O F T H E R O C H E S T E R A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S ;

I N S E T : A S T R O N O M Y S E C T I O N O F T H E R O C H E S T E R A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S




Back to theBig Bang

High Stakes or Infation

A faint signal hidden in the universe’s earliest light might

reveal what happened in the first moment after cosmic birth.



SandT.m October

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UPPER LEFT ILLUSTRATION BY PATRICIA GILLIS-COPPOLA, PHOTO BY THE AUTHOR





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i a um f h d and h hn’ arizain.Bu bau hn frm hr rgin hav mr

nrg, hir arn “win u,” maning h vraarizain i ara h h rgin (G).

How Gravitational Waves Create Polarization

RING AROUND THE ROSIE E- and B-mode polarization pat-

terns look different. E-modes have no “handedness” — if youdraw a line down the pattern’s center and reflect the pattern,

nothing changes. B-modes look like spirals and don’t reflect.

Although gravitational waves can create both types, primordial

B-modes can only be made by gravitational waves.

PLANCK CATCHES E-MODES By stacking maps of more than 11,000 co

10,000 hot spots in the CMB, researchers on the science team for the Europ

Space Agency’s Planck satellite revealed the related E-mode polarization pa

to high precision. The team is now analyzing Planck’s polarization data and

to release results for B-modes and the largest angular scales in 2015.

Graviaina wav rad arizain arn in h mi mirwav bagrund (CMB) b rhing and

quzing a — and hrfr h ama u f rimrdia hn and rn — a h wav ad.

S & T : L E A H T I S C I O N E

P L A N C K C O L L A B O R A T I O N



SandT.m October

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PEEK AT THE UNSEEN Three examples of what primordial B-modes might look like. Unlike the E-modes detected by Planck, such

B-modes would not be associated with hot and cold spots in the CMB: they’re created by gravitational waves (see sidebar “How Gravi-

tational Waves Create Polarization”). Cosmologists expect these patterns to appear in the sky on scales of a few degrees or larger.

S O U R C E : A N T O N Y L E W I S





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THE WHOLE SHEBANG Top: A side view of the Polarbear

telescope in Chile. The scope’s shield hides the primary mirror,

but the receiver box beneath it is visible .

Bottom: Hideki Morii (KEK, Japan) and Zigmund Kermish (now at

Princeton) fine-tune the Polarbear detectors (see page 28). Notice

the oxygen lines to their noses: at 17,000 feet above sea level, the

Atacama site can pose a health hazard to the unprepared.

B R U C E L I E B E R M A N

A D R

I A N L E E



SandT.m October

, p

, K . T pz

p p p

, -

f . T

p f

, . “I -

f p

f — f p p f p, , -

!” K.

U f B-

p f p

B- .

F, B- f

, f 10 ,

L — - z f p B-.

P’ ACTP pz fi

B-, ’ xp f

p .

Scanning the Chilean SkyT P p

f-. I px f p-

p ,

qp , , -

p p’ p. T

x p, , -

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ff : , p, ,

, , ,

— fq f f p

. H 17,000 f, H Dp;

q f

pp p.

+60°

+40°

+20°

0°

−20°

−40°

−60°

0h 22h 20h2h4h6h8h10h12h14h16h

16h 14h 12h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 0h 22h 20h

RIGHT ASCENSION

SPTPOL

ACTPOLACTPOL

ACTPOLACTPOL

POLARBEAR

POLARBEAR

EBEX

EB

POLARBEAR

ABSABS

QUIJOTE

QUIJOTE

QUIJOTE

SPIDER

QUBIC

BICEP2

RACE TOWARD THE BIG BANG Several projects are currently hunting for the polarization

signature of inflation. Shown below are the fields of view for active projects (except for Planck,

which is all-sky). Fields are approximate and distorted by projection at high declinations.

GroundBased (Chile):

POLARBEAR: Parizain f BagrundRadiain

ACTPOL: Aaama Cmg T –Parizain

ABS: Aaama B-md Sarh

GroundBased (Antarctica):

SPTPOL: Suh P T’ arizain-niiv amra

BICEP2: Bagrund Imaging f CmiExragaai Parizain (and K Arra)

QUBIC: QU Bmri Inrfrmr frCmg

GroundBased (Canary Islands):

QUIJOTE: Q-U-I JOin TEnrif

Balloon Experiments:

EBEX: E and B Exrimn

SPIDER: Subrbia Parimr fr Infl

ESA Satellite Mission:

PLANCK

B-Mode Search Projects Underway





Learn more about these

projects at skypub.com/

CMBpolarization.

R P p H T

Tp (HTT), ff-x G Mz-D-

f I VxRSI, p f

G D. (H T, p’ pp

, 2010

P I

M f Cf.) T ff-x HTT p

f p,

’ pp q f -x p. HTT’ 2.5-

p p- f

p f -p

x 3.5 .

H 2.1-

f f p f p f 1,274

-p, pz-

f f

( ). P ,

CMB p-

z f .

T P 15°

× 15° p f , f z f f ,

p f M W. T p -

p 148

GHz, p

p S A p

fq. T p

fi p

. A p

HTT, .

T z f fi ’

2012 xp p

f. T p p f p ,

fi p f

z p — “except for looking for theB-modes,” K . “W p

q,

p ff, -

ff.” O f B-.

Forward, CautiouslyS - f

, P H P

(U f Cf, S D) ,

f pz B- ,

.“W

fi,” P . “T fi

fi ; ’ . T

fi . Y ’

’ .”

A f B- f?

“I f ’ fi B-,

fl pp,” G .

, f , p

p f

fl pp.” If f

f B-, p

f f xp,

B fl

. “S ff fl

z, f ’ ,” .

N J M (NASA/G Sp

F C), C B

Exp (COBE) z CMB

1990, f B-

“ p” ’

p.

“F ,

,” M

. “W ’ x ’ pp . W’

S, I pp ’

. T j .”

Bruce Lieberman is a freelance science writer with neayears’ experience in the news business. He has written

astronomy and other space-related subjects for A & S

Sfi A, and the Kavli Foundation.

DETECTING POLARIZATION A single antenna can on

up light polarized in one direction, so researchers need m

antennas to detect all polarization angles. In Polarbear’s t

tack-toe arrangement, each antenna is sensitive to polariz

perpendicular to the antenna slot, allowing the team to de

both horizontal and vertical polarizations. The bolometers

T-shapes in the zoom image) act like receivers that conver

incoming microwaves into signals. To detect polarization a

between horizontal and vertical, the team subtracts one fr

other. Waves polarized at 45° thus disappear, so other ant

in the array are rotated 45° from the one shown to compen



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The Nearest White Dwar

Orion’s belt stars f f O

30 I fi Pp —

f f D S. I

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f S A M fi. E

, f fl S

8- f/6 N. B 348× f p,

- S A, p

f f .

T , S’ f p

f p

R’ p , p

fi f Pp

pp p. T S

, p

D WSirius in October? If you’d like to try for its legendary white dwarf companion

— easier to see now than in decades — here’s why to set your alarm clock.

Alan Whitman

23° z f B C

, 50° . T

,

pp p .

S O,

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, p

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S B p, p f

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p, f p

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p. I j

fq .

I 1844 F W B S

p, f

f p’ pp

. B J 1862,

A G. C p P

18.5- f f (S&T: F 2008, p 30).

As with planets, stacked-video imaging is the best way to t

pictures of close double stars. At the 2008 Winter Star Part

the Florida Keys, Damian Peach used a 10-inch scope and

nyx 2.0 astro video camera to take 1,800 frames (60 per se

stacked here. Sirius A and B were 8.4 ″ apart, with the Pup

due east from the bright Dog Star.

f S B

O’



z f , p , ff

p. S B

f . (T ’ -

; ’ 40 E B).

Of , j -

p,

. Y C —

S’ p x, and .

S A B –1.5 +8.5,

ff ffi . T

10.0″ p, B p 81°: j

f f A. T p 50.2 ,

x p f 11.3″ 2022.

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pp , , pp

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f .

T ;

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, . O f 2008 I

16- ( 522×) 8- (

348×). I I 7- p p pq pp p f f fi

p, 2× B. W S A j

p’ p , S B p.

O fif , F 20, 2008, I p 8-

p D

p f M . Af ,

S , I f

Pp 244 × fi .

T p I , p

8.1″ . T p .

F , S’ -

p . G ! ✦

Alan Whitman’s first eyepiece occulting bar was a match-stick that he placed across the field stop of a 10.5-mm ortho.

Unfortunately, he often used this eyepiece to project an imageof the Sun onto white paper. When he absentmindedly did so

weeks later, the Sun was crisp for a few seconds, then dissolved into a blur. Smoke poured from the focuser! The field lens was

hopelessly coated with tar, and he eventually had to discard a prized eyepiece.

Tips for Hunting Sirius B

Observe when Sirius i high in h uh, u ur high maain, hid Siriu’ dazz bhind an uing bar r h har dgur i’ fid , and wai ain fr mmn f gd bu u nw ha arad. Th fwing i wi h furhr.

Keep watching as dawn brightens. Th rdud gar f Siriu A in a ma imrv h dabii f i 8h-magniud manin.

Move diffraction aside. Yur arg i am du a f h brigh Thi u i am n a brigh diffrain i in a rflr wih a van running nrh-uh. In a wih idr van, ra h i r urn h wh mun) mv a diffrain i awa frm STh main ur f diffrain in an , hwvr, i h dgarur if. Yu an’ g rid f hi, bu u an hrd i arund. Cquar r hxagna h in a i f ardbard, izd i nr ar h widh f h arur. Ta i vr h ’ frnar nw hav fur r ix diffrain i. Ra h ma a i bwn w f hm. Th h a f hw h imrvm

Practice on Rigel. B a wndrfu inidn, Rig, narb in Orif, i a imiar bu air brigh-and-fain dub ar. I araii am h am, 9.5″ , bu h brighn diffrn i 10 im

xrm: magniud +0.1 and +7.6 (1 1,000 inad f 1 10,000Rig’ a, h manin (a nrma main-qun ar) i uuhw f h rimar. I’ giv u an ida f wha fr.

Don’t be haunted. Am n fu rbi ag ba in 1968, I wa amaza hw w I ud Siriu’ manin in m nw hmmad 6-inrflr. On afr vra nigh did I ni ha i hangd iinr Siriu whn I mvd Siriu in h i! I raizd mha I wa ing n h rid whi dwarf bu a ghost a fain rflf Siriu if bwn i n mn. Ch fr hi b mvSiriu arund. Afr bragging abu m ag-d ighing raivm high-h in ahr, I had m rw a.

— Alan Ma

1990

1992

Sirius A

1994 E a s t

Nrh

Suh

2˝ 2˝4˝6˝8˝10˝

2˝

2˝

4˝

4˝

6˝

1996

199820002002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030 2035

Orbit of Sirius B2013.75

Picturesabove

(1975.2)

2040

2012

The apparent orbit of Sirius B with respect to Sirius A, as projected onto

the plane of the sky. The true orbit is inclined 43° to the sky. Dates witho

decimals are for the beginning of the year.

In 1975, when Sirius

and its companion

were 11.3″ apart,

Dennis di Cicco used

a 14-inch Schmidt-

Cassegrain telescope

with and without a

hexagonal mask to

take these photos of

Sirius and Rigel. Only

with the mask is Sir-ius B really apparent,

just northeast (upper

left) of brilliant A.

No Mask Mask

S i r i u s

R i g e l




The Milky Way is at its most spectacular for observ-

ers at mid-northern latitudes during the evenings of early

autumn. It sweeps from Sagittarius in the southwest

up through Scutum, Aquila, and Vulpecula to Cygnus,

which is almost straight overhead. From Cygnus it

descends toward the northeast horizon through southern

Cepheus and northern Lacerta, Cassiopeia, and Perseus.

The appearance of this stretch of the Milky Way, and thedistribution of its clusters and nebulae, hold clues to our

galaxy’s spiral structure.

In the first article of this series we examined Sagittar-

ius and Scorpius, which lie toward the center of our Milky

Way Galaxy. In this direction we look past the stars of the

70°°-long Scorpius-Centaurus Association, which marks

The autumn Milky Way is rich in nearby clusters and nebulae

OBSERVING THE MILKY WAY, PART II

Galactic Depth Perspective

Craig CrossenC C

In the autumn Milky Way, we look toward nearby parts of o

The splendid North America Nebula, which lies 2,000 light

ahead of us in our spiral arm, is shown in this false-color co

ite image. Visible light is coded as blue, while infrared is sh

as shades of green, orange, and red. The dust lane separati

North America Nebula (left) from the Pelican (right) is opaq

visible light, but infrared shows the freshly born stars withi

the inner edge of our own Orion-Cygnus Spiral Arm

across an interarm gap poor in gas, dust, and star cl

Beyond that, 5,000 to 7,000 light-years distant, lies th

Sagittarius-Carina Arm, the next spiral arm inward

our own. It is rich in young open clusters (M21, NG

6530, NGC 6231), emission nebulae (M8, M17, M20)



SandT.m October

. A S-C

A 10,000- 16,000---

S S S C (M24), -

f N Sp A f x’ p

. F, “”

p f M W, G S-

S C, f x’ .

A q : T f

x’ p z. M N A S-C

S-Cx A. A O-C A

f O A, O Sp, L A.

The Scutum Star CloudA f z p M W f

( f

), x’

. T p- f

p Scutum Star Cloud.

T p Messier 11 Messier 26 pp

S S C, f

f, 6,000 5,000 - -, p. I , ’

p- . S

x p , f f f

p- p .

I S S C, pp

f f p

,

ff pp . T

S-C A ( x

f ), N A ( ),

p p . T ’

p, p

p x

M W.

Spiral Structure and Galactic LongitudeW p f f S-

S C f f ,

f z f x’

f p .

T p f f

p pp M W, ’ pf

. T q

( 0°) f M W,

f 360°

. A q f p f -

, 0°, f .

G 90°, f

p , C j 5° f D.

L 180°, , B (β)

T T-A . F, -

270°, p ,

f V. T p f M

W f 340°, Sp,

f - .

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p , ’ j fi f p.

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p ; f S

9% f

“p” ( f p). B f xp, f

q .

F N Tp Z,

90°

. T

D 90°, ’

f ’

. T f j -

z, j

z.

The rich open star cluster Messier 11 appears to lie inside the Scutum Star C

but it’s actually a foreground object, some 6,000 light-years distant. M11 is a

million years old, ample time to wander far from its birthplace within a spira

C A N A D A - F R A N C E - H A W A I I T E L

E S C O P E / C O E L U M



C A S S I O P E I A

A Q U I L A

L Y R A

N O R T H E R N

C R O S S

DoubleCluster

281

7635

Deneb

Albireo

Vega

Altair

M11Great Rift

NorthAmericaNebula

120° 90°60°

30°

CygnusStar Cloud

ScSt

ζγ

λ

The chart on top shows the part of

Milky Way that’s well above the horizon

autumn from mid-northern latitudes, stretchi

galactic longitude 20° to 140°. The diagram below i

this slice of the Milky Way from “above,” showing the p

of selected objects in the galactic plane. The outer edge of

slice is 15,000 light-years from the Sun. Distances to some

objects, notably the star clouds, are not known with high p



W

0° 90°, ’

x’

p . T’

f S-C

M16 M17 17° -

, E C N, S-

-C , 72° pp f

, 288°. T E C N

’ j appear f f M16 — is f,

p f p , M16

p.

The Great Rift

T M W f S C ’ f f f z; ’

f, p,

f-z f ff z

. T , f

M W Great Rift ,

M W f D

- p .

T ( f) f M

W f Op,

f

. B pp 20° f

f E (η) Op. T G Rf x

S p f Mfi Ap (α) C.

W- f M W f C

C p f - p

x NGC 891 A NGC

C B. T’ G Rf f

M W f - x

f : f

f f x’

Nrh AmriaNbua

Sun

DubCur

281

7635

C y g

n u s S t a

r C

l o u

c u t u m

S t a r

C l o u d

120°

90°60°

30°

A q u i l a

G a p

O r

n - C y

g n u s A

r

P e r s

u

A

As this photograph of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891

shows, dust tends to collect near a spiral galaxy’s center plane.

BASE PHOTO: SERGE BRUNIER

A D A M B

L O C K / M O U N T L E M M O N S K Y C E N T E R / U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I Z O N A



SandT.m October

T f G Rf pp-

p

f M W. P fi

G Rf f

A, f f N C,

p f S, f M W

A G (γ ) Aq p f

Ep (ε) Z (ζ) Aq.

T p f -p NGC 891 4565 p f

p f . B M

W’ G Rf f .

I pp f Op,

f R (ρ) Op -

f f A 700

- . T Aq Rf f

G Aq 1,000 - . A

f f G Rf

D 2,200 - f .

B R Op px

, D f ( f

). T f G Rf

f x f f

C C,

. P f p x

f f p

. T G Rf f p

f, O-C Sp A.

Aquila and the Interarm GapM p M W f S S C

, x

Cygnus Star Cloud, 20°-

f N C,f A G (γ ) C. T C S

C p f Vp

f p -

. H, Aq M W S

Vp p p : Burnham’sCelestial Handbook fi p S

Vp,

Aq.

T Aq p

f S-C A

f O-C A. T

Aq p p f f

, p p , p f f

O-C A. W p p

M W f S C, fi

f S-C A,

p, fi O-C A.

T p ’ p -

. S S-C A

x Aq Vp. B

The Milky Way appears to be split nearly in half by the dust clouds of t

Great Rift. This photograph was taken from the Southern Hemispher

where the Milky Way’s central regions appear high in the sky.

A K I R A F U J I I



C y g n u s O B 7

C e p h e u s O B 2

La c e r t a O B

1

N O R T H E R NC R O S S

L A C E R T A

C E P H E U S

Deneb

A

Grea90° 80° 70°

100°110°NorthAmericaNebula

IC 1396

Cygnus Star Cloudγ

η

β

ι

α

μ

δ

ζ


p . F,

Vp f f

S-C A j S-

f. S ’ ’ S-

C A,

. S, f Aq

M W f , G

Aq, , L (λ ) Aq, j

f ’ f f O-C A f f

. F, p

Aq f

S-C A.

I f, Aq xp p -

, f -p

f x’

( ). P

,

Aq ’

— xp f p

Aq Rf .

Cygnus: the View Down Our ArmB ’ f O-C

Sp A,

(Sp-C)

p p C-Cp M W,

f f

.

T p p

p Cygnus OB7 Association,

2,000 - . I D

North America Nebula (NGC 7000), p

. T Pelican Nebula (IC 5067) pf px, ’ p f N

A f f .

T x pp Cepheus OB2 Ass

tion f . I

p Mu (μ) Cephei ( H

G S),

IC 1396, p

.

T Lacerta OB1 Association,

f f , j 1,

- f , fi 7× fi

N

90°, f f f x,

C S C,

f f O C A,


BASE PHOTO: SE



SandT.m October SandT.m October

80° 60° — ,

f x. T’ p f

x p f , f-

f p

.

I () f f C S C,

G E C, -

fi x pp .

B (4,000 7,000 -). I

f f f

7 10, p

, , . T

f , p.

B f (

) f f C S C,

p f f

. I-

10,000 -.

O C M W -

f f p

( ) f

N A N, f C

L. I

f - - -f .

T G Rf p

G C

D, f -

M W. T N A N

p f , ,

. A D Ap

Cp - Le Gentil 3.

All spiral galaxies rotate; however, the spiral

arms don’t rotate in lockstep with the material

inside them. In fact, spiral arms are much like

traffi c jams on a crowded highway. Individual

cars move through traffi c jams and out theother side. Traffi c jams do tend to drift down

the road, but much more slowly than the cars

that pass through them.

Gas and dust pile up on the inside edges of

spiral arms, forming dense dust clouds. These

give rise to star-forming regions, which in turn

give rise to clusters and stellar associations.

The hot, bright, bluish stars in these clusters

and associations burn out in short order, but

the fainter stars and more mature clusters

eventually rotate out of the spiral arms and

into the gaps between. There’s actually almost

as much material between the arms as in

them, but these areas appear much dimmer because they contain few really bright stars.

The pattern is apparent in this HST image

of Messier 51 (whose companion has been

cropped off for clarity). Dark clouds line the

spiral arm’s inside edges, followed by pink

star-forming regions, followed in turn by

associations of blue-white stars. But there are

numerous exceptions; the process isn’t as

orderly in real life as it sounds on paper.

Spiral Arms and Galaxy Rotation

The star-forming region IC 1396 is shown here in false color, with

red, green, and blue representing emissions from sulfur, hydro-

gen, and oxygen, respectively. The bright star near the top is the

red supergiant Mu Cephei. R I C H A R D C R I S P

N A S A / E S A / S T E V E N B E C K W I T H / H U B B L E H E R I T A G E T E A M




T f M

W x f f C

Cp, - q

f Ap, B, I (ι), Z Cp. I

f M W

fi f f 5 9, f

f Cp OB2 A.

Cassiopeia: a Window to the Perseus ArmB f N, Sp,

M W f Cp — C-

p P — f -

. T fi Double Cluster

; ’

P p f Cp.

T P M W (x D C)

pp f

M W Cp. A

: Cp fi

f P. T P

f p p ,

Cp ’ O-

C A f P

f Cp . T

x p f f .

T pp , p

D, f 90°. S

S f

( T-A )

. Y Cp

90°, f f D

. Tf, C

p ’ ( f

) O-C( ’ )

M W Gx. S ’

,

, , f

p , f x p f

P Sp A.

T Cp W x f j

f D (δ) Cp

Cp P D C,

P A . M f Cp’

p P A, MNGC 457, NGC 663,

NGC 281. T f IC 1 IC 1805 x Cp

f P A. (IC 1848,

× 1°, 10×50


Cassiopeia offers a window into the nearby Perseus Spiral Arm. It contains

an extraordinary number of star clusters for small telescopes and binoculars;

some of the major ones are labeled here.

7789

281

457

663M103

DoubleCluster

M

C A S S I O P E I A



SandT.m October

T IC 1848/1805 px -

(7,500 -) P D C,

j D C

px pp q. T

4 ° pp p p P A

500 - “” .

T P A

Cp f 6,000 10,000 -,

4,000 - p

p. B p -

, x,

, . M f p f

P A f

, f

.

N f Cp’ p P

A. T j M52 5,000 -

p O-C A

P A. E M52 (

100 ), p , f

p.

O xp f p

p M6 M7 T f Sp, M23 M25

S, M11 M26 S.

S p p

. A f 7,500 -, -

NGC 7789 P A, ’

P A ’

. T p

, p f f

p .

I fi f , x , ’ p f M W

’ N Hp’ ,

p ’ f

p S Hp.✦

Craig Crossen, a native of Minnesota, currently lives in

Vienna, Austria. He is researching a book on the ancient Mesopotamian constellations.

The stars in old open clusters such as NGC 7789 (shown above)

tend to appear fairly uniform, because all the really bright ones

have burned out. This cluster is now dominated by a few aging

red giants. The bright star at right probably lies in the foreground.

The components of the Double Cluster are clearly

distinct, but almost certainly related. Like most young

open clusters, their stars range greatly in brightness,

and many are hot, blue, and extremely luminous.

P O

S S - I I / C A L T E C H / P A L O M A R O B S E R V A T O R Y

P O S S - I I / C A L T E C H / P A L O

M A R O B S E R V A T O R Y




Book ReviewGary Seronik

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Aí Rü’ Atlas of the Moon. A , f , -

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Without doubt,

A New Lunar Atlas

for a New Century21st Century Atlas of the Moon

Charles A. Wood and Maurice J. S. Collins

(Lunar Publishing, 2012).

111 pages. ISBN 978-0-9886430-0-0. $29.95, spiralbound.

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Contributing editor Gary Seronik has beentelescoping the Moon for four decades. He

served as editor for both Charles A. Wood’sT M M and Antonín Rükl’sA f M.

Phone (601) 982-3333 • (800) 647-5364 Fax (601) 982-3335 • [email protected]

371 Commerce P

Jackson, M

www.observa-dome.comwww.observa-dome.com

The Observatory of the Alfa Planetarium is northeast of Mexico’s largest publi

observatory. The Observatory has two main telescopes: a 16-inch catadioptr

and and 80-mm refractor to observe larger or nearby objects.

As the country’s oldest dome manufacturer, Observa-DOME has developed

an expertise unmatched in the industry. Our clients are world-wide, from the

United States Government to the amateur astronomer. No matter what the usethe climate, the installation, the design, Observa-DOME meets the challenge.

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OBSERVING October 201

In This Section

SkyandTelescope.com October 20

44 S a a Gan

44 Nrhrn Hmihr S Char

45 Binuar Highigh:Dubing u in Carirnu

46 Panar Amana

47 Nrhrn Hmihr’ S: A Piva Mnh

48 Sun, Mn Pan:Mr Ming a Du Dawn

50 Cia Candar50 Sing Uranu and Nun51 A Wa Pnumbra Lunar Ei52 Ain a Juir

54 Exring h Mn: Drawing h Mn

55 Lunar Pha and Librain56 D-S Wndr: Th Ag f Aquariu

Additional Observing Articles:

30 Obr’ Dawn Windw fr Siriu B

32 Obrving h Mi Wa, Par II:Suum Caiia

PHOTOGRAPH: AKIRA FUJII

In Cygnus, we’re looking down the length

of our own Milky Way spiral arm.



MIDNIGHT SUNRISE▶

Mercury

Venus

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

◀ SUNSETPlanet Visibility SHOWN FOR LATITUDE 40

° NORTH AT MID-MONTH

Visible with binoculars in early October

W

SNE

SEE

W

SW

Visible through October 13

OBSERVING Sky at a Glance

EXACT FOR LATITUDE40º NORTH.

Galaxy

Double star

Variable star

Open cluster

Diffuse nebula

Globular cluster

Planetary nebula

E Q U A

T O

R

E

C

L

I P

T

I

C

G r e a t S q

u a r e

o f P

e g

a s u s

M 3 1 M

3 3

A l g o l

M 3 4

D o u b l e

C l u s t e r

C a p e l l a

P l e i a

d e s

H a m a l

M i r a

F o m a l h a u t

A Q

U A R I U

S

P I S C E S

P E G

A S U

A N D R O M E D A

T R I A N G

U L U M

P E R S

E U S

L Y N X

M E L O P A R D A L I S

S S I O

P E I A

A U

R I G

A

A

R

I E

S

C

E

T

U

S

S C U L P T O

R

P I S CA U S T R

G R U

F a c i n g S

E

F a c i n g

E a s t

F a

c i n g

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M o o n O c t 1 5

24

31

6

13

20

27

7

14

21

1

8

15

22

29

2

9

16

23

3

10

17

24

4

11

18

25

30 31

5

12

19

26

S U N M O N T U E W E D TH U F R I S AT

Moon Phases

28

Using the Map

Go out within an hour of a timelisted to the right. Turn the maparound so the yellow label for thedirection you’re facing is at thebottom. That’s the horizon. Aboveit are the constellations in front of you. The center of the map isoverhead. Ignore the partsof the map above horizonsyou’re not facing.

First Qtr October 11 7:02 p.m. EDT

Last Qtr October 26 7:40 p.m. EDT

New October 4 8:35 p.m. EDT

Full October 18 7:38 p.m. EDT

OCTOBER 2013

1 DAWN: The thin waning crescent Moon forms atriangle with Mars and Regulus; see page 48.

3–16 DAWN: The zodiacal light is visible in the east 120to 80 minutes before sunrise from dark locations atmid-northern latitudes. Look for a tall, broad, right-leaning pyramid of light with Jupiter near its apex.

4 PREDAWN AND DAWN: The star Delta Gemi-norum shines just 6′ from Jupiter; best viewedthrough a telescope or binoculars.

7, 8 DUSK: The waxing crescent Moon shines well toVenus’s right on the 7th and upper left of Venuson the 8th. Binoculars show Saturn above Mercurywell to Venus’s lower right.

9 DUSK: Look for Delta Scorpii just ¾° above Venus.

12 EARLY MORNING: A rare triple shadow transitoccurs on Jupiter from 4:32 to 5:37 UT; see page 52.The event is best viewed from Europe and Africa,but may be visible in eastern North America.

15 DAWN: Mars passes just 1° upper left of Regulusfairly high in the east.

16, 17 DUSK: Antares glows less than 2° below Venus lowin the southwest.

18 EVENING: A modest penumbral lunar eclipsepeaks around 7:50 p.m. EDT; see page 51.

25, 26 DAWN: Jupiter shines not far from the Moon.

29 DAWN: The crescent Moon forms a triangle withMars and Regulus for the second time this month.



–

Star magnitudes

M 6

M 7

M 2 1

M 2 2 M 8

M 2 0

M 2 3

M 2 5

M 1 7

M 1 6

M 1 0

M 1 2 I C 4 6 6 5

7 0

M 1 1

M 1 3

M 9 2

A r c

t u r u

s

M i z a r & A l c o r

B i g

D i p p e r

M 8 1

M 8 2

M 5 1

L i t t l e D i p p e r

T h u b a n

V e g a

M 5 7

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A l t a i r

M 2 7

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U R S M I N O

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PRICORNUS

PHINUS

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MoonOc t 11

M o o n

O c t 8

Gary SeronikBinocular Highlight

SandT.m October

Doubling up in Caprico

When

Late Aug. Midnight*Early Sept. 11 p.m. *Late Sept. 10 p.m.*Early Oct. 9 p.m.*Late Oct. Nightfall*Daylight-saving time.

α

β

CA P R I CORNρ

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5 ° b i n o

Under lightpolluted skies, Carirnuindiin nain. Bu dn’ b fd ar vra ni binuar dub ar hr dn’ rquir riin dar i. And a a bbunh ar ad in a ma i f h n

in’ nrhw rnr.L’ bgin wih h ai dub fir: A

(α) Capricorni. Th Aha du ni f midd ar in an araiv, fur-in-a-rw Sarad b 381″ , hi dub i a iair f binuar. Bu arfu d haar qua brigh? A fir gan h mwih arfu inin u hud b ab h ½-magniud diffrn bwn h 3.7ud rimar and 4.2-magniud ndar.

Suh f Aha, and in h am fid f vur nx arg: Beta (β) Capricorni. Thi iwid air (207″ arain), bu wih a muhbrighn diffrn, whih ma Ba ig

mr hanging. Th rimar ar i magnwhi i manin i 6.1. Evn , m 10×3abiizd bin ma a wr f hi dub

Prding 3½° uh-uha frm Bbring u a id righ riang f ar, hbrigh and m nrhrn f whih i RhoCapricorni. Rh a bi i a dimmr vf Ba and faur 5.0- and 6.7-magniud nn arad b 259″ . I’ anhr a bi. Bu if u wan a hang, a a Omicron (οο) Capricorni, h wr f ar riang. Omirn i ugh bau i mar ar (21.6″ aar) and h 5.9-magrimar i wi a brigh a i 6.7-magniudanin. I wa ab i Omirn wih m imag-abiizd binuar, bu n ai. Habu u?✦




OBSERVING Planetary Almanac

Sun and Planets, October 2013October Right Ascension Declination Elong ation Magnitude Diameter Illumination D

The table above gives each object’s right ascension and declination (equinox 2000.0) at 0h Universal Time on selecte

dates, and its elongation from the Sun in the morning (Mo) or evening (Ev) sky. Next are the visual magnitude andequatorial diameter. (Saturn’s ring extent is 2.27 times its equatorial diameter.) Last are the percentage of a planet’silluminated by the Sun and the distance from Earth in astronomical units. (Based on the mean Earth–Sun distance, 149,597,871 kilometers, or 92,955,807 international miles.) For other dates, see SkyandTelescope.com/almanac.

Planet disks at left have south up, to match the view in many telescopes. Blue ticks indicate the pole currently tiltetoward Earth.

The Sun and planets are positioned for mid-October; the colored arrows show the motion of each during the month. The Moon is plotted for evening dates in the Americas when it’s waxing (riside illuminated) or full, and for morning dates when it’s waning (left side). “Local time of transit” tells when (in Local Mean Time) objects cross the meridian — that is, when they appear due sand at their highest — at mid-month. Transits occur an hour later on the 1st, and an hour earlier at month’s end.

P E G A S U S

CAPRICORNUS

AQUARIUS

Fmahau

Rig

Bgu

C A N I SM A J O R

P I S C E S

Siriu

O R I O N

Piad

T A U R U S

PuxCar

Prn

Vga

CORVUS

GEMINI

H E R C U L E S

C Y G N U S

Arur

B O Ö T E S

L I B R A

L E O

H Y D R A

S C O R P I U S

O P H I U C H U S

AnarSAGITTARIUS

AQUILA

C E T U SERIDANUS

ARIES

Midnigh am am am am am m m m mLOCAL TIME OF TRANSIT

+°

+°

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RIGHT ASCENSIONhh hhhhhhhhh

D E C L I N A T I O N

E Q U A T O R°

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m

E C L I P T I C 30

811

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Oct18 –19

2427

Venus

Pluto

Uranus

Neptune

Jupiter

S

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Mars

Mercury

Venus

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto 10"

O 1 11 21 31

16

16 311

16

16

311

Sun 1 12h 28.6m –3° 05′ –26.8 31′ 57″ 1

31 14h 20.7m –14° 01′ –26.8 32′ 13″ 0

Mercury 1 13h 55.4m –14° 00′ 24° Ev –0.1 5.9″ 73% 1

11 14h 37.4m –18° 32′ 25° Ev –0.1 6.9″ 58% 0

21 14h 59.2m –20° 15′ 21° Ev +0.5 8.5″ 32% 0

31 14h 35.8m –16° 27′ 4° Ev +4.8 10.0″ 1% 0

Venus 1 15h 17.3m –20° 23′ 45° Ev –4.2 18.4″ 63% 0

11 16h 03.2m –23° 30′ 46° Ev –4.3 20.1″ 59% 0

21 16h 49.6m –25° 43′ 47° Ev –4.4 22.1″ 55% 0

31 17h 35.3m –26° 56′ 47° Ev –4.5 24.6″ 50% 0

Mars 1 9h 35.5m +15° 41′ 47° M +1.6 4.4″ 95% 2

16 10h 10.9m +12° 45′ 52° M +1.6 4.6″ 94% 2

31 10h 44.6m +9° 39′ 59° M +1.5 4.9″ 93% 1

Jupiter 1 7h 18.6m +22° 08′ 80° M –2.2 37.6″ 99% 5

31 7h 27.5m +21° 54′ 107° M –2.4 41.2″ 99% 4

Saturn 1 14h 32.5m –12° 42′ 32° Ev +0.7 15.5″ 100% 10

31 14h 45.9m –13° 48′ 6° Ev +0.5 15.3″ 100% 10

Uranus 16 0h 37.3m +3° 14′ 167° Ev +5.7 3.7″ 100% 19

Neptune 16 22h 19.3m –11° 11′ 130° Ev +7.9 2.3″ 100% 29

Pluto 16 18h 38.2m –20° 13′ 76° Ev +14.1 0.1″ 100% 32



Fred Schaaf

SandT.m October

OBSERVING Northern Hemisphere’s Sky

Fred Schaaf welcomes your comments at [email protected].

October brings many j

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Bright galactic center to dim galactic pole. I

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Aquarius and Capricornus are beautifully rendered in this 1822 star

atlas by Alexander Jamieson.

U N I T E D S T A T E S N A V A L O B S E R V A T O R Y L I B R A R Y




OBSERVING May’s Sun, Moon PlanetsOBSERVING Sun, Moon & Planets

More Meetings at Dusk & DawnVnu and Mar xrin nunr wih brigh ar hi mnh.

Brilliant Venus decorates -

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SandT.m October

Fred Schaaf To see what the sky looks like at any given time and date, go to SkyandTelescope.com/skychart.

Jupiter

Neptune

Uranus

Pluto

Saturn

Marhquinx

S.quinx

Dmbri

Jun i

Mars

Earth

SunMercury

Venus

ORBITS OF THE PLANETSThe curved arrows show each planet’s movement during

October. The outer planets don’t change position enough

in a month to notice at this scale.

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OBSERVING Celestial Calendar

The dim southern sky f f fi

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Spotting Uranus and NeptuneIn h Gra Cia Sa fla h i-gian win f auumn vning.

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Path of Uranus

Path oNeptu

ω

A Q U A R I U S

Jul 12013

Aug 1

Sep 1

Oct 1

Nov 1

Dec 1

Jan 1,2014

Feb 1

Mar 1,2014

P a t h o f U r a n u s

P I S C E S

h m+°h mh mh m h m

+°

+°

Jul 12013 Aug 1

Sep 1

Oct 1Nov 1

Dec 1

Jan 1,2014

Feb 1,2014

σ

P a t h o f N e p t u n e

A Q U A R I U S

–°h mh mh m

–°Star magnitudes

8 9765

South of the Great Square of Pegasus (see the chart on page 44), sta

hop with binoculars or a finderscope to Uranus in Pisces and Neptun

in Aquarius. The closeup charts at left enlarge their paths for the nex

few months. Uranus is about magnitude 5.7, so once you find where

its path it currently lies, the wide-scale chart above will be all you nee

Neptune, magnitude 7.9, will require the fainter stars of its closeup c

Not often are Uranus and Neptune imaged well enough from the ground to show any markings. Marc Delcroix and François Colas used the

42-inch reflector at Pic du Midi Observatory in the French Pyrenees to obtain these two infrared images on July 1st. An atmospheric-dispers

corrector helped. Uranus is now banded, unlike the blank face it presented during Voyager 2’s flyby in 1986. Neptune shows signs of an off-

center white spot. Shown here at the same scale, the planets are currently 3.7 and 2.3 arcseconds wide. Triton’s visibility has been boosted.

Uranus

Triton

Neptune and Triton

S 2 P

/ I M C C E / O M P / F . C O L A S / M . D E L C R O I X ( 2 )



Alan MacRobert

SandT.m October

f 6- 12.5-

p. T

( -

pf ) p

ff p. M-

, .(S “T C f U Np,”

S&T: Sp 2010, p 56.)

U Np “

” ’ -

f

f (H2O), (NH3),

(CH4 ), p

p “.” N

p p, -

x .

O , U

Np p

f p xp

— f, p,

.

A Weak PenumbralLunar Eclipse

On the evening f Frida, Obr 18h,

arfu wahr in h arn haf f Nrh Amria an wah h fu Mn

undrg a igh numbra i.Th Mn wi gid ar h a

ur fring (penumbra) f Earh’ hadw,

nvr rahing h hadw’ dar umbra.Mid-i ur a 23:50 UT n h 18h

(7:50 .m. Earn Daigh Tim), whn hMn’ uh-uharn imb wi b aquarr f a unar diamr awa frm h

unn dg f Earh’ umbra. Unuua had-ing n ha id f h Mn hud b fair

ain . Yu ma d r raf numbra hading fr abu 45 minu

bfr and afr ha im.Th numbra i wi a b viib

in h vning frm h Caribban and Suh

Amria. In Eur and Afria, i han inh midd f h nigh wih h Mn highin h . Fr brvr in wrn, nra,

and uh Aia, i han bfr r duringdawn n h 19h (a da).

S mr a skypub.com/oct2013eclipse.

Oct. 1 11:30 II.Sh.I

13:42 I.Sh.I

14:06 II.Sh.E

14:07 II.Tr.I

14:58 I.Tr.I15:55 I.Sh.E

16:46 II.Tr.E

17:11 I.Tr.E

Oct. 2 10:52 I.E.D

14:27 I.O.R

Oct. 3 2:34 III.Sh.I

5:29 III.Sh.E

6:15 II.E.D

7:44 III.Tr.I

8:10 I.Sh.I

9:26 I.Tr.I

10:23 I.Sh.E

10:48 III.Tr.E

11:27 II.O.R

11:40 I.Tr.E16:20 IV.E.D

18:42 IV.E.R

Oct. 4 4:22 IV.O.D

5:21 I.E.D

7:30 IV.O.R

8:55 I.O.R

Oct. 5 0:48 II.Sh.I

2:38 I.Sh.I

3:24 II.Sh.E

3:25 II.Tr.I

3:55 I.Tr.I

4:51 I.Sh.E

6:05 II.Tr.E

6:08 I.Tr.E

23:49 I.E.DOct. 6 3:24 I.O.R

16:24 III.E.D

19:22 III.E.R

19:32 II.E.D

21:07 I.Sh.I

21:40 III.O.D

22:23 I.Tr.I

23:19 I.Sh.E

Oct. 7 0:37 I.Tr.E

0:45 II.O.R

0:48 III.O.R

18:18 I.E.D

21:53 I.O.R


15:35 I.Sh.I

16:43 II.Sh.E

16:45 II.Tr.I

16:52 I.Tr.I

17:48 I.Sh.E

19:05 I.Tr.E

19:24 II.Tr.E

Oct. 9 12:46 I.E.D

16:21 I.O.ROct. 10 6:32 III.Sh.I

8:49 II.E.D

9:28 III.Sh.E

10:03 I.Sh.I

11:20 I.Tr.I

11:44 III.Tr.I

12:16 I.Sh.E

13:33 I.Tr.E

14:02 II.O.R

14:49 III.Tr.E

Oct. 11 7:15 I.E.D

10:50 I.O.R

Oct. 12 3:12 IV.Sh.I

3:24 II.Sh.I

4:32 I.Sh.I5:37 IV.Sh.E

5:48 I.Tr.I

6:01 II.Sh.E

6:02 II.Tr.I

6:44 I.Sh.E

8:02 I.Tr.E

8:42 II.Tr.E

15:13 IV.Tr.I

18:23 IV.Tr.E

Oct. 13 1:43 I.E.D

5:18 I.O.R

20:23 III.E.D

22:05 II.E.D

23:00 I.Sh.I

23:22 III.E.ROct. 14 0:16 I.Tr.I

1:13 I.Sh.E

1:39 III.O.D

2:30 I.Tr.E

3:19 II.O.R

4:48 III.O.R

20:11 I.E.D

23:47 I.O.R

Oct. 15 16:43 II.Sh.I

17:28 I.Sh.I

18:45 I.Tr.I

19:19 II.Sh.E

19:21 II.Tr.I

19:41 I.Sh.E

20:58 I.Tr.E

22:00 II.Tr.E

Oct. 16 14:40 I.E.D

18:15 I.O.R

Oct. 17 10:30 III.Sh.I

11:22 II.E.D

11:57 I.Sh.I

13:13 I.Tr.I

13:27 III.Sh.E14:09 I.Sh.E

15:26 I.Tr.E

15:40 III.Tr.I

16:35 II.O.R

18:46 III.Tr.E

Oct. 18 9:08 I.E.D

12:43 I.O.R


6:25 I.Sh.I

7:41 I.Tr.I

8:37 II.Sh.E

8:37 II.Tr.I

8:38 I.Sh.E

9:54 I.Tr.E

11:17 II.Tr.EOct. 20 3:37 I.E.D

7:11 I.O.R

10:18 IV.E.D

12:53 IV.E.R

22:17 IV.O.D

Oct. 21 0:21 III.E.D

0:38 II.E.D

0:53 I.Sh.I

1:35 IV.O.R

2:09 I.Tr.I

3:06 I.Sh.E

3:21 III.E.R

4:22 I.Tr.E

5:34 III.O.D

5:50 II.O.R8:43 III.O.R

22:05 I.E.D

Oct. 22 1:40 I.O.R

19:19 II.Sh.I

19:21 I.Sh.I

20:37 I.Tr.I

21:34 I.Sh.E

21:54 II.Tr.I

21:56 II.Sh.E

22:50 I.Tr.E

Oct. 23 0:35 II.Tr.E

16:34 I.E.D

20:08 I.O.R

Oct. 24 13:50 I.Sh.I

13:55 II.E.D

14:29 III.Sh.I

15:04 I.Tr.I

16:03 I.Sh.E

17:18

17:27

19:05

19:33

22:40 Oct. 25 11:02

14:36

Oct. 26 8:18

8:37

9:32

10:31

11:10

11:14

11:46

13:50

Oct. 27 5:31

9:03

Oct. 28 2:46

3:12

4:00 4:20

4:59

6:14

7:21

8:20

9:24

12:34

21:10

23:48

23:59

Oct. 29 3:31

8:40

11:58

21:14

21:55 22:28

23:28

Oct. 30 0:26

0:33

0:41

3:06

18:28

21:59

Oct. 31 15:43

16:28

16:55

17:56

18:27

19:09

21:26

21:34

23:21

Phenomena of Jupiter’s Moons, October 2013

Every day, interesting events happen between Jupiter’s satellites and the planet’s disk or shadow. The first columns give thmid-time of the event, in Universal Time (which is 4 hours ahead of Eastern Daylight Time). Next is the satellite involved: IEuropa, III Ganymede, or IV Callisto. Next is the type of event: Oc for an occultation of the satellite behind Jupiter’s limb, Eeclipse by Jupiter’s shadow, Tr for a transit across the planet’s face, or Sh for the satellite casting its own shadow onto Jupittation or eclipse begins when the satellite disappears (D) and ends when it reappears (R). A transit or shadow passage beg(I) and ends at egress (E). Each event is gradual, taking up to several minutes. Predictions courtesy IMCCE / Paris Observa

11:30

13:42

14:06

14:07

14:5815:55

16:46

17:11

10:52

14:27

2:34

5:29

:15

7:44

8:10

9:2

10:23

10:48

11:27

11:4016:20

18:42

4:22

5:21

7:30

8:55

0:48

2:38

3:24

3:25

3:55

4:51

6:05

6:08

23:493:24

16:24

19:22

19: 2

21:07

21:40

22:2

23:19

0:37

0:45

0:48

18:18

21:53

14:06

15:35

16:43

1 :45

1 :52

17:48

19:05

1 :24

12:4

1 :216:32

:49

9:28

10:03

11:20

11:44

12:16

13:33

14:02

14:4

:1

1 :5

3:12

3:24

4:325:37

5:48

6:01

: 2

6:44

:02

:42

15:13

18:23

1:43

5:18

20:23

22: 5

23:00

23:220:16

1:13

1:39

2:30

3:19

4:48

2 :11

23:4

16:43

17:28

18:45

19:19

19:21

19:41

20:5822:

14:4

1 :15

10:30

11:22

11:57

13:13

13:2714:09

15:26

15:40

16:35

18:46

9:08

12:43

6:00

6:25

7:41

8:37

8:37

8:38

:54

11:173:37

7:11

10:18

12:53

22:17

0:21

0:38

0:53

1:35

2:09

3:06

3:21

4:22

5:34

5:508:43

22:05

1:40

19:19

19:21

20:37

21:34

21:54

21:56

22:50

0:35

16:34

20:08

13:50

13:55

14:29

15:04

16:03

17:18

17:27

19:05

1 :33

22:411: 2

14:36

8:18

8:37

9:32

10:31

11:10

11:14

11:46

13:5

:31

: 3

2:46

3:12

4:004:20

4:59

:14

:21

:2

:24

12:34

21:10

23:48

23:59

3:31

8:40

11:5

21:14

21:5522:2

23:28

0:26

0:33

0:41

3:06

18:28

21:59

15:43

16:2

16:55

17:56

18:27

19:09

21:2621:34

23:21

Image-stabilize your binoculars with scrap wood and an evening’s work! See skypub.com/binoframe.




EAST WEST3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

31

Europa

Ganymede

Io

Callisto

Oct 1

Jupiter’s Moons

OBSERVING Celestial Calendar

The wavy lines represent Jupiter’s four big satellites. The central

vertical band is Jupiter itself. Each gray or black horizontal band is

one day, from 0h (upper edge of band) to 24 h UT (GMT). UT dates

are at left. Slide a paper’s edge down to your date and time, and

read across to see the satellites’ positions east or west of Jupiter.

Minima of Algol

1 21:31

4 18:20

7 15:08

10 11:57

13 8:46

16 5:34

19 2:23

21 23:12

24 20:00

27 16:49

30 13:38

3 10

6

9 4

12 0

14 2

17 18

20 1

23 12

26 8

29 5

Sept. UT Oct. U

In October Jupiter

f —

p

f S B ( p 30).A p Jp’ f

G . B

,

f. If

f. A f ’

Jp

p p.

Multi-Shadow TransitsM double shadow transits

Jp O, f

p’ f . I ,

f (Sh.I)f f (Sh.E). T

f p

f N A

f O 17 ( 11:57 UT),

19 (6:25 UT), 26 (8:37 UT).

O f O 12

triple

f f Ep

N A; f 4:32 5:37

UT (12:32 1:37 .. E D

T, Jp f E z).

T I, Ep,

C, C’

p’ p .

Great Red SpotJp f f 38″ 41″

q O. H

, U T,

G R Sp ( p -)

Jp’ .

T , UT, :

September , :, :; , :, :,

:; , :, :; , :, :; , :,

:, :; , :, :; , :, :,

:; , :, :; , :, :; ,

:, :, :; , :, :; , :,

:, :; , :, :; , :, :,

:; , :, :; , :, :; ,

:, :, :; , :, :; , :,

:, :; , :, :; , :

, :, :, :; , :, :

:, :, :; , :, :; ,

:, :; , :, :; , :

, :, :, :; , :, :

October , :, :, :; ,

:; , :, :; , :, :,

, :, :; , :, :, :; ,

:; , :, :, :; , :,

, :, :; , :, :, :

:, :; , :, :, :;

:; , :, :, :; , :

:; , :, :; , :, :,

, :, :; , :, :, :;

:, :; , :, :; , :

:; , :, :; , :, :

:; , :, :; , :, :, :, :; , :, :; ,

:, :; , :, :.

T E D T

f UT, 4 . T

p

S II 202°. T

Sp pp

f 50

f f . A

fi p

f Jp’ ,

.✦

Action at Jupiter



SandT.m October

F I N D Y O U R S P A C E B I S Q U E . C O M

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by NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor

orbiter, this data set has revolutionized

our understanding of Martian geology.

Elevations are color coded for easy

identification, and more than 150 surfacefeatures are labeled with their official names. This

updated globe includes the landing sites for Spirit,

Opportunity, Phoenix, and Curiosity.

Item #TPMARGL $109.95 plus shipping

.e

are labeled with t

.

u es t e an ng s t es o r p r ,

r os ty.

lus shippin g

featu

pdated glo

pportunity,

Item

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oen x, an

TPM R L 109 .

Moon G l o b e

T o p o M o o n

Mar s G l o b e V e

nus G l o b e




OBSERVING

Exploring the Moon

Photographic images p

f , fl, -

, f. T

p f p f fi

f. I 1940, Rp

Bp B pp -

p f . H p--

f xp p ,

p.

T,

f NASA’ L R O

p f p

p p

f M.

Drawing the MoonShing unar faur rain u mr.

Pp q f

p f M’ f. D

f f, ’ fi

p xp,

p, z, p, x

f f. A , p ff

. D p p

pp .

T p f M

q f

p , j f,

p . Ex f

f f f . Y

’ p

p p f

f. D q

: I

? D p j f

f ? I p

p, ? D q

- f f p

p, f

f .

E f ’ , M . M fi (f

p . M

p 50 p p

p j f . I

pp f ,

fi M, I ’

f.

M x f j f, 34-

Davy . I p

, p,

fl . I p

, , . E

I fi , f f f p

M

p ’ f,

’ xp. D

f 20 , B H

H f f

q stippling — p f

z p f

Although photography has long since replaced sketching as the imaging

tool of most astronomers, drawings such as this excellent example of

craters Mercator and Campanus at sunrise are attractive and informative.

T H O M A S M C C A G U E



Contributing editor Charles A. Wood never consults a librationchart, preferring to be surprised at what chance bestows on him. Charles A. Wood

SandT.m October

The Moon • October 2013

Librations

Paneth (crater) October 1

Demonax (crater) October 12

Petrov (crater) October 15

Abel (crater) October 18

Distances

Perigee October 10, 2

229,792 miles diam. 32′ 19″

Apogee October 25, 1

251,379 miles diam. 29′ 32″

NEW MOON October 5, 0:35 UT

FIRST QUARTEROctober 11, 23:02 UT

FULL MOONOctober 18, 23:38 UT

LAST QUARTEROctober 26, 23:40 UT

Phases

For key dates, yellow dots indicate

which part of the Moon’s limb is

tipped the most toward Earth by

libration under favorable illumination.

S&T : DENNIS DI CICCO

. P M p

f p f

pp. O q

p . T MC

f I E Rx Tx pp

Cé p “p”

. T’ (

Left: The author’s first lunar drawing captured the general positions of Plinius and its surroundings, but little else. Right: His secondattempt concentrated on crater Davy, capturing its unique shape and central peaks. South is up in both sketches.

j) ,

A S f D (http://www.asod.info), xp ’ .

T x ’

p ,

’ q fi f

. ✦

C H A R L E S A . W O O D ( 2 )

12

October 1

15

18




OBSERVING Deep-Sky Wonders

The Age of AquariusExr h digh f h ia War Carrir.

The age of Aquarius M

qx, p S

q f , Aq.

A p f

pp f ,

’ 2597. B ’

j p , f ,

f . F z,

f Aq

p f xp.

O fi p Aq f

Messier 2. I-F GD M M2 C

Céx f 1746. A fi M j

f , z

“ ,” ’ f f

— M15 P. M

“, ,

.”

S M2 fi

p, ’

Ap (α) B (β) Aq

9×50 fip, M2 ,

. E

I f , ’

f S, M2 f , 12×3

-z .

T 130- (5.1-) f 23×,

p f

. T

f M2’ ,

’ pp 9′. A 63×

,

. T p

f , f

f . A 117× I f

. T 5½ ′ ,

. M2 q p 10- fl

213×. I fi z fl

f zz 12′ .

M2 12 ,

f 38,000 -, 350,000

L’ Struve 2838 (Σ

STF 2838), 2.5° - f O

(ο) Aq. T 6- p

. I -

130- p 63×, p

.

S 2838 ’ pp T W WCelestial Objects for Common Telescopes

f (1881). T W , “C

f f n p,” n p

p ( f) . W

, W1 Aquarius, 15′ f Σ2838,

fi f 130-

63×. T f

12.9 f f 11.7′. T

7252

71857180

7188

Σ2838 W1

_

`

a

f

k

/

el

m

p

j

c

b

¡

af

g

h

+

c

C A P R I CO RNU S

HixNbua

7184

M2

M

Path of Neptunein 2013

A QU A R I U S

d

h m

°

h mh m

–°

–°

–°

–°

–°

S t a r m a g n i t u d e s

4

3

5

6

7



SandT.m October

Sue FrenchSue French welcomes your comments at [email protected].

Angular sizes and separations are from recent catalogs. Visually, an object’s size is often smaller than the caloged value and varies according to the aperture and magnification of the viewing instrument. Right ascensand declination are for equinox 2000.0.

Object Type Mag. (v) Size/Sep. RA Dec.

M2 Gbuar ur 6.5 16′ 21h 33.5m –00 ° 4

Σ2838 Dub ar 6.3, 9.5 16″ 21h 54.6m –03° 1

W1 Aqr Arim 8.7 11.7′ × 2.2′ 21h 53.8m –03° 0

ζ Aqr Dub ar 4.3, 4.5 2.2″ 22h 28.8m –00° 0

NGC 7180 Gaax 12.6 1.6′ × 0.7′ 22h 02.3m –20° 3

NGC 7184 Gaax 10.9 6.0′ × 1.5′ 22h

02.7m

–20°

4NGC 7185 Gaax 12.6 2.3′ × 1.5′ 22h 02.9m –20° 2

NGC 7188 Gaax 13.2 1.6′ × 0.7′ 22h 03.5m –20° 1

NGC 7252 Gaax 12.1 2.2 ′ × 1.8′ 22h 20.7m –24° 4

f 34 ′, -p,

f 6- 7- . T -

’ Σ2838,

S 104 p.T W1 Aq p f

O D M. H, 128

f W’ fi f 1962 f Celestial

Objects for Common Telescopes.T W J f Aq

G(γ ), E (η), P (π) Aq, Zeta(ζ) Aquarii . Z

, 2.2″ p, -

130- f 117×. B

-, p

- f p.

N ’ x q f NGC

7180, NGC 7184, NGC 7185, NGC 7188 - Aq. NGC 7184 f

q 35

41 Aq. T 105- f 36×, NGC

7184 f - -

. T p 87×,

x 4 ′ f 50″ . I

f , f ,

f x’ . A 13-

ff x’ - p.

P NGC 7184 f fi

x , f.

NGC 7185 , pp pp -,

The string of stars that lies immediately northwest of the

bright double star in the lower le ft corner (Struve 2838) is

sometimes called W1 Aquarius.

The three northernmost galaxies in this group are physically

related, but NGC 7184 is significantly more distant.

P O S S - I I / C A L T E C H / P A L O M A R O B S E R V A T O R Y

7185

7188

7180

Galaxies, Stars, and One Great Star Cluster in Aquarius

7184



OBSERVING Deep-Sky Wonders


NGC 7180

-. T x

32′ fi f 10- p

p fi f 187×. NGC 718

. I 5′ × 1′, ,

x f fl, f x’ . T , f NG

p z 1½′ -

NGC 7180 pp 1′

. S p

fi f q, NGC 7188. T

z p NGC 7180,

, .

T q’ f x 60

- f p

Dp f NGC 7184 pp

, ’ 100

. NGC 7184 p x,

M W. T I

NGC 7184 -f . C

’ p?

L ’ NGC 7252. I’ f

j ,

A f P Gx! I 1953 P

E f “A f P” p

p pf f p. T

f’ f

p p

. R f , NGC 7252 p

p f .

A f P p . I p fi 49 Aq, 38′

. T x j f

10- p 68×

, p U f x 10- 12-

p ( f) x. A 88× NG

, pp -, 2

I , . T

f 115×. I pp

’ , .

T f A f P

p f x. T

, p

p f , , f f. S f f x

x’ ppp

C p

f p ?

T f Aq f p N

, S (σ) Aq. I

’ 2023.✦

This close-up of the giant spiral galaxy NGC 7184 provides a clear view of the star-

forming ring surrounding the galaxy’s bright core.

The complex shape of NGC 7252, also known as the Atoms for Peace Galaxy,

results from the relatively recent merger of two disk galaxies.

E S O

A D A M B

L O C K / M O U N

T L E M M O N S K Y C E N T E R / U N I V E R S I T Y O F A R I Z O N A



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S&T Test Report Sean Walker

STTR summary text xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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Although my astronomical

The Baader Q-Turret Eyepiece Set

Baader ClassicQ-Turret Eyepiece SetU.S. Price: $395

(im a avaiab ara)

Avaiab in h U.S. frm Ain

Arnmia www.ainar.m

This modern take on a classic

telescope accessory and eyepiec

design is a boon for planetary

observers and imagers.

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S&T PHOTOGRAPHS BY SEAN WALKER AND D ENNIS DI

Described in detail in the accompanying text, the new Baa

Classic Q-Turret Eyepiece Set includes four eyepieces, a

versatile Barlow, and the eyepiece turret all packaged in an

attractive metal container. The items (including the con-tainer) can be purchased separately.



SandT.m October

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Top: The author tested the Classic Q-Turret Eye-

piece Set with his 12½-inch Newtonian reflector

after moving the primary mirror ½ inch forward

in its tube to allow for the additional back focus

required for the Q-Turret. Bottom: The Q-Turret

is an ideal accessory for planetary imagers work-

ing with compact video cameras. After center-

ing the target in an eyepiece, you can rotate

the camera into position and have the target

centered in the frame. Note the impromptu lens

caps, which keeps dew from forming on the

eyepieces. They are described in the text.

WHAT WE LIKE:

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WHAT WE DON’T LIK

On avaiab in1¼-inh frma




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The Barlow lens provides the same 2.25× magnification

increase for eyepieces when it is threaded into its own

barrel or when threaded into the Q-Turret’s nosepiece.

The Q-Turret’s compact size makes it an easy-to-use acces

Cassegrain telescopes.

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S& T Test Report



SandT.m October

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p, fi p

’ f . ✦

After a slow summer for planetary observers, imaging editor Sean Walker is awaiting Jupiter’s return to the evening sky.

Top: Two well-designed detents (arrowed) ensure precise align-

ment of the four eyepiece ports when each one is rotated into

place. The detents also provide enough holding force to keep the

Turret from rotating under the load of heavy eyepieces or cam-

eras. Bottom: Little details such as threaded brass inserts molded

into the turret’s plastic body are an indication that the unit was

designed for years of use.



Gary SeronikTelescope Workshop


p f p pf f fl

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Most readers know

No-Tools CollimationHr’ a im mhd fr aigning ur ’i wihu ar r hr gadg.

p f p, D S

, Star Testing Astronomica

Telescopes(W-B, 2009). T,

200× f 8- p. A p, -f

As explained in the accompanying

text, the offset central hole in this

defocused star image indicates that

the reflector is out of collimation.

Step 1: By re-aiming the scope,

move the defocused star image

around the field until its image

appears the most concentric.

Step 2: By adjusting the scope’s

main collimation screws, move the

defocused image to the center of

the field.

Step 3: To further refine colli

adjust the scope’s focus to p

a smaller out-of-focus image

repeat steps 1 and 2.

G A R Y S E R O N I K

( 4 )

To enjoy the sharpest views of the Moon, planets, and star

optics in your telescope must be accurately collimated.



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I’ fi p, ’

f fi- p’ p -

fi. ✦

Contributing editor Gary Seronik is an experienced telescope

maker and observer. He can be contacted through his website,www.garyseronik.com.

March 27 - April 4, 2014

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High-Altitude Photography

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StratosphereBraving the Australian Outback, an international amateur teamlaunched a balloon to catch last November’s solar eclipse.

Cătălin Beldea

& Joe Cali

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ChasingTotality fromthe



SandT.m October

To see an edited version of the eclipse

video made from the balloon, go towww.skypub.com/balloon.

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Just as totality ended, an HD video camera aboard the balloon captured

the Moon’s shadow racing eastward across the Cape York Peninsula

below. Unless otherwise credited, all photographs are by Cåtålin Beldea

with special processing of the flight’s video images by coauthor Joe Cali.





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During the 2011 Romanian balloon flight, a camera captured this

stratospheric view of the Danube River and its delta region where

it empties into the Black Sea.

R A Z V A N A N G H E L E S C U ( 2 )

Romanian members of the eclipse team Florin Mingireanu (left), coauthor Cåtålin Beldea (center), and Marc Ulieriu (behind Beld

prepare for the 2011 balloon launch described in the text. The successful flight achieved many milestones for the team.



SandT.m October

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Above: Coauthor Beldea used a William Optics 88-mm f/5.6 Megrez

refractor and Nikon D800 camera for his ground-based pictures

snapped (top to bottom) at the beginning, middle, and end of totality.

Right: Beldea’s composite image of brief exposures, made at the begin-

ning and end of totality, shows the Sun’s pink chromosphere on the

east (right) and west limbs at the eclipse’s contact points.



SandT.m October

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Right: After a 45-minute parachute descent from the balloon’s

maximum altitude of 23 miles, the instrument capsule landed 60

feet up in a tree a mere 12 miles east of its launch site.

The balloon’s launch site was surrounded by trees that nearly

interfered with the team’s ability to watch and record totality

from the ground.

p — p

’ f . W pp

p p, f HD . Pp

p f p

p fl . ✦

Romanian science journalist Cåtålin Beldea is an avid eclipsechaser. See his work at www.astrofoto.ro. Australian Joe Cali

has visited more than a dozen countries in 20 years of pursu-ing the Moon’s shadow. His work is at www.joe-cali.com.



The Man WhoH. A. Rey, cocreator of Curious George,turned his talents skyward to demystify the stars.

Ann Mulloy Ashmore

Hans Rey sat in his Greenwich Village

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A NEW WAY

OF SEEING

H. A. Rey’s long-

standing interest

in astronomy led

to a refashioned

guide to the night

sky. He conveyed

complex celestialmechanics in a

conversational

style, but he’s

best remembered

for restyling the

constellations.

Curious Constellations

IMAGE FROM THE STARS, BY H.A.

REY. COURTESY OF HOUGHTON

MIFFLIN HARCOURT



SandT.m October

Illustrated

THE STUDIO During the 1940s, H. A. Rey worked in this

studio in a six-story building in New York City’s Greenwich

Village. The building’s rooftop became Rey’s makeshift

observatory for checking his diagrams against the stars.

the Heavens

T H E D E G R U M M O N D C O L L E C T I O N / T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H E R N M I S S I S S I P P I




f f-z . H

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE STARS wa ubihd in 1952, n

R’ frind, ur Rbr Br, viid Abr Einin da brnz rrai bu. Th rj wud frg a aing nn

bwn R and h famu ini.Einin and R hard riing imiar bagrund and

aii, hugh h ivd in diffrn wrd. Bh mn wr G

Jw wh had ugh rfug frm Hir’ war mahin. Bh rnaur, vd anima, and aribud hir u a hidi

fun and urii ha nihr vr abandnd. And bh mah in hi wn wa ugh drib h havn.

Whn Br ravd Prinn, Nw Jr, vii Ein

hm, h n a fu da ging nw h ini bfr hbgan digning h bu. A h ad in h ud, Br m

ind hi arnmia inind frind. Runing R’ diin wih h nain did in m arnm bd Einin abu R’ nw arn, dignd aua r

h anima r rn in h nain’ nam.

One Curiosity, Tw

T H E D E G R U M M O N D C O L L E C T I O N / T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H E R N M I S S I S S I P P I ( 2 )

IMAGE FROM THE STARS, BY H.A. REY. COURTESY OF HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HA RCOURT



SandT.m October

INSPIRING YOUTH Facing page, far left: H. A. Rey reads one

of his books to a group of children in 1968.

THE TEACHER Facing page, near left: Rey entrusted 14-year-

old Harvey Singer to set up his Unitron refractor, “the Cadillac of

small telescopes” (pictured here), in Central Park for observing

sessions after class.

OLD VS. NEW Right: Rey’s diagrams simplified and demystified

“modern” constellation lines, which he said, “show the constel-

lations as involved geometrical shapes, which don’t look likeanything and have no relation to the names.”

R’ b aad Einin, rha in ar bau

h rgnizd hi wn nnnfrmi in h ari’ wr. Abigrahr War Iaan wr, vra f Einin’ nm-

rari “am m f hi brahrugh . . . bu [h]an amng hm wa rbiu nugh hrw u nvn-ina hining ha had dfind in fr nuri.”

R n Einin a whn Br d him f h in-i’ inr. Addring h “Shr vrhrr Hrr Prfr”

(vr hnrd rfr), h wr, “Thi b ha n inifiaim, n h rnain mhd i diffrn.”

Einin rid, “Man han fr ur uid and imuaing

b. I h i wi find h inr i drv” wrd nwrind n h ba f vr f The Stars bfr igning

hi n, “Frundih grü Si” (wih frind gring).A Br amaignd buid a mmria Einin n h

grund f h Naina Aadm f Sin in Wahingn,

D.C., h nurd h w mn wud har a aing nn-

in. Unvid in 1979, w ar afr R’ dah, h mm-ria rv a a ming in f w viin f h havn.

A gian brnz Einin hunh vr in hugh, ribbingquain n h ad f ar in hi a a h did h da Br

udid him in 1953. Bu hr hi f r n a fid f ar,an, and gaaxi 2,700 bj in a, a ma udin h mrad ar grani.

Th ra f ia bj migh bwidr viir if n

fr h narb aqu Br dignd, whr famiiar figuruin h ar bnah Einin’ f. Ju a in R’ iura-in a f, Orin m abv h Har, hi ub ifd vr-had. Th Bu ruh ward h hunr, h Piad danging

a h nd f n f hi ng hrn. Siriu, h brigh ar inh , adrn h ar f h Big Dg, wh run a Orin’

id. And high abv h fra, R’ Twin marh hand in handar h .

— A. M. Ashmore

f . N f

p f pp .”

A f ’ -

, H S,

14-- . “M. R’ p

,” S (S&T : Sp 1999,

p 10) f f. “N, -

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f f C P f

. A , R S, “W

p p

f ?”

“W I mind ?” S . “I

f . . . H

p. Of , I p f

— , better f . A I f

p. A p.” ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE STARS: A NEW WAY TO SEE THEM, BY H. A. REY. COPYRIGHT © 1952, 1962, 1967, 1970, 1975, 1976 BY

H. A. REY. REPRINTED BY PERMISSION OF HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT PUBLISHING COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RE SERVED.

Visions of the Heavens





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Ann Mulloy Ashmore , associate professor at Delta StateUniversity, was a collection specialist at the de Grummond

Children’s Literature Collection, which houses the H. A.and Margret Rey Literary Estate.

PERUSE THE EVENING SKY CHART a h nr

Telescope and u’ h f H. A. R’ i figurwhr. I d h dign f S&T ’ “ffi ia” nain

in gmn! ha aar in vr iu in JanuaBu hugh I grw u dar dvd R’ arn, Iar n ha w wud nd ma m hang.

Fir, hi harming raii figur r havi n aar ju fain fr mdrn, igh-ud i. Nigh

hav wrnd ignifian vr h a 60 ar. And vn ba hn R wa uhing a i hard find aarn in vr nain.

In urui f ha ga, h a drw m in whrha a hard im ing hm. In h ra , ur inf

bwn an w brigh ar ha ar nar ah hr, wu i i r n. Yur wn’ favr in ining inmuh fainr ar, vn ma a gd Sa-Ga r Ra

Third, R ignrd h anin, minnia ad in figur whih rmain n aia ma, in gn

in Arabiizd ar nam vrwhr: h Had f h Kn(Raaghi), h Tai f h Sa Mnr (Dnb Kai).

S I adjud h bvd bu aina fruraing

figur arding mrmiing bwn raii

ar viibii, and adhrn anin radiin.Ang h wa I am u wih a fw rmarab ugg

nain arn ha mah h anin’ arrangm-n. Virg, fr inan, i n ud b arri

n hr rum bu in n hand, whi h w ringimLuu, a in-nd Wf, i ud b riing

ward a Cnauru ar him in h hra.S far, hi nw m b anding h f i

— Alan M

1h

1h

2h

2h

3h

3h4h 0h

+10°

0°

–10°

–20°

–30°

–40°

BanKai

DnbKai

Mnar

Mira

CETUS

ERIDANUS

FORNAX

P ISCES

SCULPT

2 3 4 5

S&T ’s Constellations

SEA MONSTER H. A. Rey’s patterns influenced S&T ’s “o

constellations, but many were adjusted for clarity and to p

traditions. For example, Alan MacRobert changed the shapCetus to preserve Deneb Kaitos as the sea monster’s tail.

I M A G E F R O M T

H E S T A R S B Y H . A . R E Y . C O U R T E S Y O F

H O U G H T O N M I F F L I N H A R C O U R T



SkyandTelescope.com October

Sean WalkGallery

Gallery showcases the finest astronomical images submitted to us by our readers. Send your very best shots to

[email protected]. We pay $50 for each published photo. See SkyandTelescope.com/aboutsky/guidelines.

EXPANSIVE SUNSPOTS

Christian Viladrich

Surrounded by the solar surface’s complex granulation, sunspot groups AR 1785 (right)

and 1788 display thin filaments within their penumbrae in this high-resolution image.

Details: Celestron C14 Schmidt-Cassegrain with Baader Astrosolar Safety Film and IDS UI-3370CP video camera. Stack of 150 frames captured on July 6th at 11:02 UT.




Gallery

▴ GALACTIC CASCADE

Trr Han and Frd HrrmannK D T, x NGC 5985,

5982, 5981 (f f ) pp

ff p ¼° fi.

Details: Astro-Tech 12-inch f/8 Ritchey-Chrétienastrograph with SBIG STT-8300 and QHY9 CCD cameras. Total exposure was 8 hours

through color filters.

▶ CHINESE NIGHT

Jff DaiT f M W

f B

C’ S P.Details: Canon EOS 5D Mark II DSLR camerawith 14- to 24-mm zoom lens. Total exposure

was 2 minutes at ISO 2500.

Visit SkyandTelescope.com

/gallery for more of our

readers’ astrophotos.



SandT.m October

REFLECTIONS IN CYGNUS

Harel Boren

NGC 6914’s bluish reflection

nebula adds a distinct color

contrast to clouds of hydrogen gas

that permeate Cygnus.

Details: Boren-Simon f/2.8 Power-

newt Astrograph with SBIG ST- 8300M CCD camera. Total exposure

was 3⅚ hours through Astrodoncolor and narrowband filters.

ALASKAN TIA

Kurt Hillig

Shimmering

curtains of a gr

aurora punctua

by purple colum

light crown the

of Alaska.Details: Canon E

5D Mark II DSLcamera with 16-

lens at f/2.8. Moof four 10-secondexposures captur

ISO 5000. ✦


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sky-telescope 82/90 October sky & telescope

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Classified ads are for the sale and purchase ofnoncommercial merchandise, unique items, or joboffers. The rate is $1.50 per word; minimum chargeof $24; payment must accompany order. Closingdate is 15th of third month before publication date.

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Focal Point Henry G. Stratmann

Cat-astrophic Observing SessioA feline “friend” interferes with the author’s astronomy plans.

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