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Transcript of Skeleton Chapter 6. Goformative Enter this code MXYJ996 Password MEDTERMS123 If you are relatively...
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Skeleton Skeleton Chapter 6Chapter 6
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GoformativeGoformative• http://goformative.com/join• Enter this code MXYJ996• Password MEDTERMS123 • If you are relatively new to class I may not
have created an account for you. To get in the class you will need to do the following: goformative.com/#signup.Students sign up and enter Class Code QXMC237
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WebsitesWebsites
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton
• http://www.3d4medical.com/• http://askabiologist.asu.edu/bone-anato
my• http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML
/bones.html• http://www.globalrph.com/
medterm5c.htm
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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
1. List the primary functions of bones.2. Identify skeleton bones/types3. Explain various types of body
movement that occur at the freely movable joints.
4. Define fracture and state the various types.
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Combining FormsCombining Forms
• Bone oste/o, oss/i, osse/o• Bone Marrow myel/o• Cartilage chondr/o, cartilag/o• Elbow olecran/o• Joints arthr/o, articul/o• Ligaments ligament/o, syndesm/o• Muscles my/o, myos/o, muscul/o• Sinus sin/o, sinus/o• Tendons tendin/o, ten/o, tend/o
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Combining FormsCombining Forms
• Bone oste/o, oss/i, osse/o• Bone Marrow myel/o• Cartilage chondr/o, cartilag/o• Elbow olecran/o• Joints arthr/o, articul/o• Ligaments ligament/o, syndesm/o• Muscles my/o, myos/o, muscul/o• Sinus sin/o, sinus/o• Tendons tendin/o, ten/o, tend/o
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Prefixes MatchPrefixes Match
Through, between, AroundUpon, over, aboveWithinBetweenBeyond, over, betweenWithin, inner
dia-endo-, end-epi-inter- intra-meta-peri-
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Suffix PopcornSuffix Popcorn
1. Germ cell2. Surgical
puncture3. Cell4. Binding5. Soft6. Growth7. Surgical Repair8. Formation9. To view/examine10.Tissue
1. -blast2. -centesis3. -cyte4. -desis5. -malacia6. -physis7. -plasty8. -poiesis9. -scopy10.- um
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Table 6.1 Skeletal System at-a-Glance
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Functions of Functions of the Skeletal Systemthe Skeletal System
• Bones- oste/o Act as a framework for the organ systems Protect many of the body’s organs Provide the organism with the ability to move Storage of minerals Hematopoiesis (formation of blood)
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• Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hempoietic (which can produce blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone).
• There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and yellow marrow.
• The color of yellow marrow is due to the much higher number of fat cells.
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What is Oste/o mean?What is Oste/o mean?
What is Oste/o mean?a) Boneb) Cellc) Formationd) Cartilage
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What does cartil mean in What does cartil mean in cartilage?cartilage?
What does cartil mean?a) Gristleb) Smoothc) Hardd) Pain
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Cartilage- Chondr/0Cartilage- Chondr/0
• Cartilage – chondr/o Forms major portion of embryonic skeleton and
part of adult skeleton. • Cartilage is an important structural
component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.
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Functions of the Musculoskeletal Functions of the Musculoskeletal System System
• Tendons- Attach muscles to bones
• Ligaments – ligament/o Bands of connective tissue that connect bones, cartilages and other structures
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Anatomy and Physiology OverviewAnatomy and Physiology Overview
• The human adult skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that, with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the framework or skeleton of the body.
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Anatomy and Physiology OverviewAnatomy and Physiology Overview
• Axial skeleton – 80 bones, the principal bones being the
skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.• Appendicular skeleton
– 126 bones, the primary bones being the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and feet.
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Figure 6.1Anterior of the human skeleton.
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Figure 6.3Features found in a long bone.
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Figure 6.4Epiphyseal plate (arrows). (Courtesy of Teresa Resch)
Note: Epiphyseal plate later turns into an epiphyseal line
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Table 6.2 Classifications of Bones
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Figure 6.5Knee joint.
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Joints and MovementJoints and Movement
• Classification of Joints– Synarthrosis (Fibrous)- cranial structure– Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous) - vertebra– Diarthrosis (Synovial) – knee, hip, elbow
What do the prefixes – Syn, Ampi and Dia
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Figure 6.6A Flexion and ExtensionFlexion–Bending a limb. Extension–Straightening a flexed limb.
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Figure 6.6B CircumductionCircumduction–Moving a body part in a circular motion.
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Figure 6.6C Abduction and AdductionAbduction–Moving a body part away from the middle. Adduction–Moving a
body part toward the middle.
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Figure 6.6D Protraction and RetractionProtraction–Moving a body part forward. Retraction–Moving a body part
backward.
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Figure 6.6E RotationRotation–Moving a body part around a central axis.
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Figure 6.6F DorsiflexionDorsiflexion–Bending a body part backward.
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Figure 6.6G Pronation and Supination Pronation–Lying prone (face downward); also turning the palm downward.
Supination–Lying supine (face upward); also turning the palm or foot upward.
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Figure 6.6 H Eversion and Inversion Eversion–Turning outward. Inversion–Turning inward.
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Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column
• These curves are the:– Cervical
The first 7 vertebrae.– Thoracic
The next 12 vertebrae.– Lumbar
The next 5 vertebrae.– Sacral
Consists of the sacrum and coccyx (tailbone).
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Figure 6.7Vertebral (spinal) column.
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Bone Pathology Bone Pathology
• Terms related to bone disease
OsteomalaciaOsteomyelitisOsteoporosis
osteoporosisosteoporosis
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Joint PathologyJoint Pathology
• Osteoarthritis– Degenerative
joint disease (DJD)• Rheumatoid arthritis
joints affected by osteoarthritisRA
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FracturesFractures
• A fracture is classified according to its external appearance, the site of the fracture, and the nature of the crack or break in the bone.
• Short video on factures • https://youtu.be/qVougiCEgH8
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FracturesFractures
• Types of fractures:
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FracturesFractures
• Types of fractures:– Colles– Pott– Compression– Vertebral compression– Epiphyseal (Greek root-phyein)– Stress– Hip
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Figure 6.10AClosed, or simple–A completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin (x-ray of the tibia and fibula). Note the break in the fibula (smaller
bone).
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Figure 6.10BOpen, or compound–The fracture projects through the skin and there is a
possibility of infection or hemorrhage; more dangerous than a closed fracture
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Figure 6.10EGreenstick–Only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent (like a
green stick); usually occurs in children whose long bones have not fully ossified
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Figure 6.10ICompression–Due to the collapse of a vertebra. It may be caused by trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra due to osteoporosis, tumors, or infection