SKELETAL SYSTEM Skeletal System. Support and movement Protection (brain, lungs) Mineral Storage of...
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•Support and movement•Protection (brain, lungs)
•Mineral Storage of Calcium and Phosphate•Red Blood Cell Production (long bones)
•Fat (Energy) Storage
Functions of Skeletal SystemFunctions of Skeletal System
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Amount of bones in the human body: 206
Smallest bone: stirrup (middle ear)
Largest bone: femur (thigh bone)
longest, strongest, and heaviest bone supports much of our body weight
Two Divisions:
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
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HUMAN SKELETONHUMAN SKELETON
Front View (Anterior) Back View (Posterior)
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Skull: •Cranium•Facial bones
Sternum
Vertebral column (spine)
Ribs (Absent in frogs)
Sacrum
Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton
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Bones of the two girdles and their attached limbs
Pectoral Girdle (Clavicle and Scapula) Upper Limb = Humerus
Radius & Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges
Pelvic Girdle (coxal bones) Lower Limb = Femur
Tibia & Fibula Tarsals, Metatarsals & Phalanges.
Appendicular Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton
tarsals
metatarsalsphalanges
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Long Bone Long Bone Section TissuesSection TissuesEpiphyses - ends
Diaphysis - main shaft
Epiphyseal Plates Cartilage lines where growth occurs
Periosteum
Outer, tough membrane Attachment for tendons and ligaments
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Endosteum Membrane lining the medullary/marrow cavity
Marrow Cavity Red Marrow - production of red blood cells (in spongy bone tissue) Yellow marrow - fat storage
Articular Cartilage Between articulating bones cushions and protects bones
Long Bone Long Bone Section TissuesSection Tissues
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Structure of Long BoneStructure of Long Bone
Compact Bone: Dense outer shell
Osteon – (Haversian System) •cylindrical unit •rings of solid matrix with calcium and phosphate salts•contains bone cells (osteocytes) •central osteonic canal contains blood vessels
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Histology of Histology of Bone OsteonBone Osteon
Osteocyte in Lacunae
Haversian (Osteonic) Canal with blood vessels
Canaliculi(Canals that Connect lacunae)
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Histology of CartilageHistology of Cartilage
Matrix
Chondrocytes in lacunae
The Matrix is a composite of elastin and collagen
Cartilage is avascular – cells rely on diffusion through the matrix for nutrients
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Bone to BoneBone to Bone• Bones connect to other bones at joints• Connective tissue holds bones together
– Ligaments for moveable joints– Cartilage for semi-movable joints (ribs)
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Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal SystemThe skeleton and muscles function together as the musculoskeletal system
Skeletal muscle: •Attached to bones by tendons •Moves bones•Voluntary control
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