SKELETAL SYSTEM Prepared by: Mr. Shoup

Skeletal SystemKnow 4 of the 6

• Six Purposes for the Skeletal System• 1. Support• 2. Movement with muscle function• 3. Shape• 4. Marrow-Yellow/Red Red/White Blood Cells• 5. Protection-Flat bone• 6. Storage of minerals- Ex: calcium

Examples for the four type of bones

Long Bones

MovementHave a body longer than it is wideHave a hard outer casing with spongy bone in the center Bones such as the Femur, Humerus

Short Bones

Compact/ForceAre roughly as wide as they are long Contain large amounts of bone marrow to make blood cells. Bones such as the fingers, carpals and tarsals in the wrist and foot.

Flat Bones

Strong, flat pieces of bone Their main functions are protection and muscle attachment.Bones such as the cranium (skull) andscapula (shoulder blade),hip, ribs, sternum.

Irregular Bones

Do not fit into any of the other categories and often have an unusual shape Bones such as the Vertebrae, Sacrumand Mandible. vertebrae-Partial Movable joint.

Types of Bones Bones are classified into four groups:                                   

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

• Smallest Bone-Ear-Stirrup• Largest Bone-Femur-Thigh bone• Ligaments- Attaches bone to bone• Tendons- Attaches muscle to bone• Cartilage-connective tissue found in

between the bone. Shock Absorber

Test-Bones to Know

-Pelvis

Do not need to know

Label of bones

Fractures

Identify a bone break Bone Facts• Hear a snap 100,000 artificial hips

• Grinding noise 50,000 knee replacements

• Unusual motion 15,000-20,000 fingers

• Swelling • Tenderness• See bone

Six Type of Joints

Ball and Socket

Hip

Shoulder

Hinge Joints

Knees

Elbow

Finger joint

Pivot Joints

Forearm

1st & 2nd vertebrae

Gliding Joints

Fixed-ImmovableSuture Joint

Skull

Saddle

Thumb

Review of joints for test questions:

Disorders

• Simple Fracture: Hairline fracture• A simple bone fracture is one of the better types of fractures

as there is only bone damage with little or no soft tissue

damage and the broken bone ends do not penetrate the skin.

Compound Fracture• Broken into two parts• When this occurs, the bone breaks and fragments of the

bone will penetrate through the internal soft tissue of the body and may break through the skin from the inside.

• There is a high rise of infection if external pathogenic factors enter into the interior of the body

Disorders Osteoporosis-bone density loss • Osteoporosis is a term that means "porous bones." It is a skeletal disease

affecting women and men. Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones have lost minerals—especially calcium—making them weaker, more brittle, and susceptible to fractures.

• 30% of population 1 out of 4 girls• Who’s at greatest risk?Women 4xs greater riskAge-the longer we live the greater the riskThin, Petite femalesEarly menopauseEating disorder female-Anorexia, BulimiaDiet-Lack of calcium in dietRace-Caucasians and Asians than blacksPhysical activityEating Disorders-AnorexiaHeredityCigarette smokingAlcohol abuseSome medications

Disorders

• Arthritis-determination of the joint or tissue around the joint area

• Dislocation-bone goes out of the socket• ACL-Anterior Cruciate Ligament• Orthopedic- bone surgeon

Back Disorders

Scoliosis• S-Shape to vertebrae, lateral curvature• Untreated: crowding of internal organs, curvature to the uterus, arthritisLordosis• Swayback-anterior curvature• Weak abdominal muscles, lower back painKyphosis Hunchback Posterior curvature• Rounding of shoulders, upper back muscles

stretch.

Sprain vs a Strain

• Sprain-overstretched or torn ligament

StrainOverstretched Muscle or Tendon