Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System–Provide support–Protect internal organs–Allows your body to move–Stores and produced materials

that your body needs You have 206 bones in your body

–Babies have more WHY?

The Skeletal System

Compact BoneCompact bone makes up the

outer layer of all bones. Althoughit looks dense and solid, It is full

of holes for nerves and blood vessels.

Spongy BoneSpongy bone contains flatand needlelike structures

that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the

open spaces in some bones.

Outer MembraneAn outer membrane

covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and

breakdown bone. Central CavityCentral cavities in long bones

usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).

Vocabulary Complete vocabulary on Page 2

Joint

A point in which to bone come together

to allowed movement

Ball and socket

located at

the hip

Example

5 types of JOINTS in your body

Immovable Joint– Allows NO MOVEMENT

Hinge Joint– Allows for BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING

Ball and Socket Joint – Allows movement in a

ALL DIRECTIONS

Pivot Joint– Allows movement

SIDE TO SIDE

Gliding Joint– Allows movement in

many directions

Possible activities– Bones relay– Egg and vinegar– Q-tip skeleton

TEST TOMORROW– Page 1 thru 3 in packet

» NO NOTES

Muscular System

What connects our bones an muscles together???

Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE

Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE

Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the bones and allows them to move

Types of muscles Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles

that you DO NOT have direct control over

Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle only found in the HEART

Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that you CAN control to do activity

The

Mus

cula

r Sys

tem

Hamstrings

How muscles work All muscles do work by contracting, or

becoming shorter and thicker. Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.

– One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction.

– Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back

Muscle Pairs

Bicep contracts

Tricep relaxes

Tricep contracts

Bicep relaxes

Activity on page 273 teachers addition

Nervous System

What is the Nervous System?

• Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body.

• Then it processes the information and forms a response to it.

• The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron

The

MAS

TER

ORGA

N

1

2

3

1. Brain2. Spinal Cord3. Peripheral

Nerves

Nervous System

Is Divided into

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous SystemIncludes Two Divisions

Brain Spinal Cord Sensory

Cerebrum Brain Stem

Cerebellum

Autonomic Somatic

Three Regions Two Groups

Regulates breathing

Signals Skeletal muscles

Motor

Activities

Muscle relay Mix messages (page 281)

Find the letter Read this paragraph Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition)

The Concussion Crisis article

Mixed Messages

Page 281

Quiz Tomorrow

Muscular system and Nervous system

– Be able to label muscles

– Know the functions and parts of nervous system

– NO NOTES

Cardiovascular

System

Blood is blue in color when is it NOT carrying oxygen.

MYTH

FACT – Blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. – Veins appear blue because of the way

light reflects from skin.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fVDGu82FeQ

Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivering materials

– Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels throughout your body

Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive system and brings it to cells that need energy

Removing wastes– It transports waste from your cells

Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled Fighting Disease

– blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts

The 3 main parts of TheCardiovascular System

The Heart

The Blood Vessels

Blood

Blood Flow through the Heart

Body cellsBody Cells

Lungs

The left side of the system deals with

oxygenated blood.

The right side of the system deals

with deoxygenated

blood.

Page 293

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

Your Heart Beat The action of the heart has two main

phases.– In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria

fill with blood.– In the second phase, the heart contracts and

pumps blood. The rate at which your heart muscles

contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium.

Average heart rate varies from one person to the next and from one situation to the next.

Taking your Pulse

Blood Vessels

Your heart pumps blood through an extensive network of blood vessels.

The three main types of blood vessels in your body are– Arteries– Capillaries– Veins

Complete page 11 using your book

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Most arteries carry oxygen-rich bloodThe largest artery in the body is the

aortaArteries have thick walls that are both

strong and flexible.

Layer of cellsSmooth muscle

Connective tissue

Capillaries

Branching from the smallest arteries are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in your body.

As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body’s cells.

Veins

From the capillaries, blood flows into small blood vessels that join together to form veins.

Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Blood vessels

Capillary

Vein

Layer of cellsSmooth muscleConnective tissue

Single Layer of cells

Capillary Cross Section

BloodThe average adult has

about 4 to 6 quarts of blood circulating through his or her blood vessels.

The four components of blood are– Plasma– White Blood Cells– Red Blood Cells– Platelets

Plasma

The liquid component of the blood is called plasma

This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55 percent of the blood.

Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.

Red Blood Cells

The cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body are red blood cells.– Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which

is an iron-containing substance to which oxygen binds

White Blood Cells

White blood cells help protect you against diseases and foreign substances– Some white blood cells make chemicals

that help your body resist diseases such as cancer.

– Others destroy invading microorganisms by surrounding and consuming them.

Platelets

are cell fragments that play an important role in the blood clotting process

When you get a cut, platelets stick to the edges of the cut and release proteins called clotting factors.

Respiratory System

The Respiratory System

is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body

It also removes carbon dioxide from the body

7.

Label the parts of the

Respiratory System and its purpose

Page 307

This is the

Respiratory System

The pathway of Air

Using page 306 in the book complete the top of page 13 in the packet

What it looks likeBlood rich in carbon dioxide

Blood richin oxygen

Capillary

How Gas is Exchanged At the end of the smallest tubes in

the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes

These sacs, called alveoli are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

The Breathing Process Inhalation

– The volume in the lung increase and the air flows in

– Function» Rib cage moves up and out» The Diaphragm contracts and flattens

Exhalation– The volume of the lungs decreases, and the

air is pulled out– Functions

» The rib cage returns to its original position» The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

Lets see how it works-pop liter bottle

-balloons

Quiz Tomorrow Cardiovascular system and Respiratory

system

– Be able to label the respiratory system

– Know information from your packet about the cardiovascular and respiratory system

– NO NOTES