SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.
-
Upload
darlene-franklin -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.
![Page 1: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SKELETAL!
No bones about it!
![Page 2: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important
![Page 3: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background to skeletal
Skeletal system is made of tough bone tissue that supports the body and allows it to move.
Bones protect vital organs like the heart and brain
![Page 4: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
structure
Skeletal systems is made up of bone and other connective tissues such as ligaments and cartilage.
Bones have their own system of blood vessels and vessels and nerves which allow circulation to occur within the bone
![Page 5: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bones change…..
From birth to old age….
In the first month after conception, an embryo’s skeletal framework is made of cartilage. In the second and third months after conception, you can see calcium deposits in the bone.
![Page 6: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bones change……
Calcium continues to form in the bone structure throughout life. A three year olds bones are more flexible than a 30 year old person’s bone
A 60 year old may lose calcium from the bone and the bone will become porous and break easily
![Page 7: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Functions of bone
Serves as a framework for the body Protects internal structures like brain and spinal cord
Storage for calcium To produce blood cells, red marrow produce most of the red blood cells
Allows flexibility when muscles move them
![Page 8: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Different types of bones Long bones- bones that are longer than their width:
Humerus Radius Ulna Tibia fibula
![Page 9: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of bones
Short bones- length and width are nearly equal
Wrist and hands Ankles and feet
![Page 10: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of bones
Flat bones- Skull Sternum Ribs Shoulder blade
![Page 11: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of bone
Irregular bones- bones that don’t fit into other groups
Face Spine hip
![Page 12: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
groups
The human skeleton is divided into 2 groups
Axial- made of 80 bones which make up the ribs and sternum, tailbone
Vertebrae Skullappendicular- skeletal involves the appendages and includes 126 bones that make up the arms, hands, legs, feet, pelvis
![Page 13: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
joints----arthro
Joints fall into 3 groups: 1. immovable synarthrosis- like the cranium
2. slightly movable amphiarthrosis- vertebral discs or the attachment of the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae
3. freely movable diarthrosis- like the ball and socket joints of the shoulder and the hip or the hinge joint of the elbow and knee
![Page 14: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
joints
Hinge joint- knee, and elbow Ball and socket joint -the hip, shoulder
Pivot joint- atlanto/axial Gliding joint -lower spine(facet),ankle allows bones to glide over each other for movement
![Page 15: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pathology of bones
Most common is arthritis- or inflammation of the joints.
2 main types are :osteoarthritis- usually from aging, caused by prolonged wear and tear.
Symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, aching And limited ROM
![Page 16: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
osteoarthritis
![Page 17: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2 types of arthritis
Rheumatoid- is not just a disease of the joints, it is a systemic disease, meaning it affects the whole body. It can destroy bone and disfigure the joints.
Abnormalities occur in the thickened joint capsule, cartilage destroyed, fibrous tissue, then calcification.
Usually more than one joint is involved in RA, with the hands almost always affected.
![Page 18: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RA
![Page 19: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RA
![Page 20: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pathologies for bone
Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae (Bursae are thin, slippery sacs located throughout the body that act as cushions between bones and soft tissues. They contain a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows the skin to move freely over the underlying bone)
Symptoms include: severe pain, limited movement and fluid accumulation around the joint.
![Page 21: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
bursitis
![Page 22: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pathologies of bone
Fractures- a crack or break in the bone Types of fractures: 1. greenstick- bone is bent and splits causing a crack or incomplete break- common for children
2. simple or closed- complete break of the bone without damage to skin
3. compound fracture- bone breaks and ruptures through the skin
4. impacted- broken bone ends jam into each other
![Page 23: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Greenstick fracture
![Page 24: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Simple fracture
![Page 25: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Compound fracture
![Page 26: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Impacted fracture
![Page 27: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pathologies of bone
5. comminuted- bone fragments or splinters into more than 2 peaces
6. Spiral- bones twists resulting in one or more breaks
7. Depressed- a broken piece of skull bone moves inward- seen in severe head injuries
8. Colles- breaking and dislocation of the distal radius that causes a characteristic bulge at the wrist- caused by falling on an outstretched hand.
![Page 28: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
comminuted
![Page 29: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Spiral break
![Page 30: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Depressed fracture
![Page 31: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
what would be the outcome of a skull depression fracture?
![Page 32: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
colles
![Page 33: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ways bones can heal
Open reduction- bone needs surgical repair with pins or plates to maintain position of the bone
Closed reduction- positioning the bone in correct alignment then applying a cast or split to maintain position
![Page 34: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Pathologies of bone
Osteomyelitis- bone inflammation caused by a bacteria. Bone is normally resistant to infection, but trauma, bacteremia, surgery, or foreign bodies may disrupt and lead to the onset of osteomyelitis
The organism causes an abscess within the bone and pus forms within the bone.
Symptoms include: fever, chills, pain. Sometimes this condition requires amputation.
![Page 35: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
osteomyelitis
![Page 36: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Pathologies of the bone
Osteoporosis- bone becomes increasingly porous due to loss of calcium
Happens to women more than men Sedintary lifestyle and lack of calcium in the diet can cause osteoporosis.
Bones can become brittle and break “help I’ve fallen and can’t get up!”
![Page 37: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
osteoporosis
![Page 38: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Pathologies of the bone
Congenital deformaties Club foot- talipes equinovarus when the foot is adducted on one or both sides.
Osteogenesis imperfecta- brittle bones disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that affects the cells responsible for producing collagen.
Scoliosis- curvature of the spine caused by congenital defect, muscle imbalance, poor nutrition, poor posture.
![Page 39: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Club foot
![Page 40: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Osteogenesis imperfecta
![Page 41: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pathologies of bone
Rickets- Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency. (absorption of calcium)
![Page 42: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
rickets
![Page 43: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pathologies of bone
Paget's disease of bone is a condition that affects the way your bone breaks down and rebuilds (metabolizes).
In Paget's disease of bone, the rate at which old bone is broken down and new bone is formed becomes distorted. Over time, the affected bones may become fragile and misshapen.
![Page 44: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
pagets
![Page 45: SKELETAL! No bones about it!. tell your table buddy why the skeletal system is important.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bf911a28abf838c8e31e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Break a leg! bye