SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000...

38
SKA Update and Science Prospects Robert Braun 20 January 2015

Transcript of SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000...

Page 1: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA Update and

Science Prospects

Robert Braun

20 January 2015

Page 2: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Great Observatories for the coming decades

E-ELT/TMT/GMT: optical/IR

Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA): mm/submm

James Webb Space Telescope: NIR

Square Kilometre Array: cm/m

Page 3: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

More specialised “experiments”

EUCLID:

~€1B, launch 2020

LSST

~$750M, operational ~2020

Page 4: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

What is the SKA?

Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17

250,000 element

Low Frequency Aperture Array

254 dishes

Ph

ase I :

2020

Ph

ase II :

202

4

50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

>250,000 element

Low Frequency Aperture Array

2500 dishes

Mid Frequency Aperture

Array

Scie

nce

96 survey enabled dishes

Cosmic Dawn & Reionization Pulsars Cosmic Magnetism Cradle of LifeCosmology &

Galaxy Evolution

Page 5: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

What is the SKA?

Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17

250,000 element

Low Frequency Aperture Array

254 dishes

Ph

ase I :

2020

Ph

ase II :

202

4

50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

>250,000 element

Low Frequency Aperture Array

2500 dishes

Mid Frequency Aperture

Array

Scie

nce

96 survey enabled dishes

Cosmic Dawn & Reionization Pulsars Cosmic Magnetism Cradle of LifeCosmology &

Galaxy Evolution

Page 6: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA Members and Governance

Australia (DoI) Canada (NRC-Herzberg)

China (MOST) Germany (BMBF)

Italy (INAF) Netherlands (NWO)

New Zealand (MED) South Africa (DST)

Sweden (Chalmers) UK (STFC)

India (Tata/DAE)

• UK Company Limited by Guarantee

• Expedient solution to enable SKA project to proceed; long-term governance structure under review –studying establishing a treaty organisation.

Page 7: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Excellent start to 2014

£100M commitment from UK• 15% contribution to construction and early operations

Page 8: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

How did we choose the sites?

Page 9: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

How did we choose the sites?

Page 10: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

How did we choose the sites?

(< 4 km-2)

Page 11: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

How did we choose the sites?

(2 x 10-3 km-2)

Page 12: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

• SKA1–MID, –SUR, –LOW: BMax = 156, 54, 65 km

SKA1 Configurations

Page 13: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

High-level SKA1 Schedule

20162015 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 20232014

High level design

Rebaselining submissions (RBS)

Preliminary Design Review (elements)

Detailed design

Prototype systems deployed

Critical Design Review

SKA1 construction approved

Procurement

SKA1 early science

SKA1 construction

SKA2 detailed design

Design consortia start

SKA2 procurement

SKA2 construction starts

SKA2 concept development

Board RBS approval 3-5 Mar 15

15-22 Sep 14

1 Nov 13

Pre-construction Stage 1

Pre-construction Stage 2

New SKA Organisation in place

Key Doc Set & Prospectus

Formal negotiations

Ratification of Agreements Organisation has minimum no. Members with Agreements ratified

Agreements in Key Doc Set signed

Andrea Casson, SKAO Project Controller, Sept 2014

System PDR

Integration testing on site

Advanced Instrumentation Prog.

KEY: Blue = SKA1 science & engineering; orange = policy; green = SKA2

Page 14: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Sensitivity Comparison

Page 15: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Survey Speed Comparison

Page 16: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Resolution Comparison

Page 17: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Image Quality Comparison

• Single SKA1 track equivalent to VLA A+B+C+D + E+A+

• “Structural” dynamic range of ~1000:1 rather than ~3:1 per track

Page 18: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Science Working Groups• Astrobiology / Cradle of Life

– Hoare (UK)

• Galaxy Evolution / Continuum

– Prandoni (IT), Seymour (AU)

• Cosmic Magnetism

– Govoni (IT), Johnston-Hollitt (NZ)

• Cosmology

– Maartens (ZA)

• Epoch of Reionisation / Cosmic Dawn

– Koopmans (NL)

• Galaxy Evolution / Neutral Hydrogen

– Staveley-Smith (AU), Oosterloo (NL)

• Pulsars / Strong field tests of gravity

– Stappers (UK), Kramer (DE)

• Transients

– Fender (UK), MacQuart (AU)

Page 19: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

• Define notional package of Key Science Projects in Q1 2015 based on the highest priority science objectives that have been recommended by our science community that will be:– Consistent with capabilities of the re-baselined SKA1 design

– Consistent with a realistic observing schedule filled at 50 – 70% for the first 5 years of full scientific operations, ie. 2023 – 2028 (post early science)

• Adopt KSP policy– Only scientists from SKA member countries may lead a KSP

– KSP Leadership is guaranteed to be distributed amongst SKA members in proportion to their financial contribution

– KSP participation (at the non-Leader level) is guaranteed to be distributed amongst SKA members in proportion to their financial contribution

– KSP participation (at the non-Leader level) of SKA non-members is capped at the value defined in the Access Policy

Key Science Projects: Proposal 1/3

Page 20: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA1 Headline Science

• The Cradle of Life & Astrobiology

– Proto-planetary disks

• Strong-field Tests of Gravity with Pulsars and Black Holes

– Gravity waves and fundamental physics

• The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism

– The role of magnetism in galaxy evolution

• Galaxy Evolution probed by Neutral Hydrogen

– Resolved gaseous disks and angular momentum growth

• The Transient Radio Sky

– Fast Radio Bursts as cosmological probes

• Galaxy Evolution probed in the Radio Continuum

– Star formation rates and resolved disks

• Cosmology & Dark Energy

– Primordial non-Gaussianity, super-horizon scales and the matter dipole

• Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization

– Direct imaging of the earliest structures

Page 21: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

The Cradle of Life:

Understanding planet formation

• Measuring grain growth through planetesimal phase

• Resolving proto-planetary disks at 100 pc inside the snow/ice line

SKA1JVLAALMA

SKA1 JVLA

(Hasegawa & Pudritz 2012)

Page 22: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Finding all the pulsars in the Milky Way…

• Timing precision is expected to increase by factor ~100

• Rare and exotic pulsars and binary systems: including PSR-BH systems!

• Testing cosmic censorship and no-hair theorem

• Current estimates are that ~50% of entire Galactic population in reach of SKA1

- ~30,000 normal pulsars

- ~2,000 millisecond psrs

- ~100 relativistic binaries

- first pulsars in Galactic Centre

- first extragalactic pulsars

(Cordes et al. 2004, Kramer et al. 2004, Smits et al. 2008)

Page 23: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

The Magnetic Universe:

Understanding the origin and evolution of B fields

• Determine the role of magnetism in regulating galaxy evolution

• Detection and characterization of the magnetic cosmic web

• Magnetic evolution of AGN over cosmic time

(Vaz

zaet

al.

20

14

)

Page 24: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Galaxy Evolution with SKA1: Resolved HI Kinematics out to z ~ 0 − 0.8

(Simulations: Schaye et al. 2010, Images: Oosterloo 2014)

• Understanding galaxy assembly and the baryon cycle

– Determine the impact of galaxy environments

– Probe gas inflow and removal

– Measure angular momentum build-up

Page 25: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

The Transient radio sky

• Four celestial “FRB” events now detected (after first “Lorimer” burst):

S = 0.5 – 1.3 Jy, Δt = 1 – 6 msec, DM = 550 – 1100 cm-3 pc

• Estimated event rate: 1x104 sky-1 day-1

• Completely unknown origin, possibly at cosmological distances

Page 26: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

The Transient radio sky:

Fast Radio Bursts as a cosmological probe

• Prospects for fundamental contributions to cosmology with

large samples (~1000) of spectroscopically identified FRBs

(Zhou et al. 2014)(Ioka 2003)

Page 27: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Galaxy Evolution Studies in the Radio Continuum:

Understanding the Star Formation History of the Universe

• Unmatched sensitivity to star formation rates out to z ~ 4

• Resolved imaging of star forming disks out to z ~ 2

CCAT 350 mm

Euclid, H<24

ALMA, 1.3mm > 90 mJy

JVLA-COSMOS

(VLASS, 10 deg2?)

Wuyts et al 2013, z∼1Hα–based SFR-maps

3.4

”

4”

Cibinel et al 2014, z∼2UV-based SFR-maps

(Murphy et al. 2014)

Page 28: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Cosmology with SKA1: Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

• Constraining non-Gaussianity of primordial fluctuations

with the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect: correlation of

foreground source populations with CMB structures

– Uniquely probing the largest scales

(Raccanelli et al. 2014)

Page 29: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Cosmology with SKA1: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

Distance scale forecasts

(Bull et al 2014)

• Constraining Dark Energy models with redshift-resolved BAO measurements

– Discrete detection is complementary but not cutting edge

– Intensity mapping is higher risk but world-class

Page 30: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Cosmology with SKA1:

Matter Dipole versus CMB Dipole

• Sensitive constraints on isotropy and homogeneity

– Unique tests of isotropy at z ~ 1

– Measure cosmic matter dipole with high precision

(Schwarz et al. 2014)

Page 31: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

HI surveys of the EoR & Cosmic-Dawn

CMB displays a single moment of the Universe. Its initial conditions at ~400,000 yrs

HI emission from the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn & EoR traces an evolving “movie” of baryonic

and DM structure formation at tuniv<109 years.

Page 32: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

HI surveys of the EoR & Cosmic-Dawn

• Detecting EoR structures in imaging mode (as distinct from

statistically) on 5 arcmin scales with 1 mK RMS

• Probing the Cosmic Dawn statistically or possibly even imaging in

ultra-deep

(Mesinger et al 2011)

Page 33: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA Science Book:

Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17

Page 34: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA 2014 Science Meeting

Page 35: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

• Meeting Program based on advanced Chapter

drafts

• Contributions matched to instrumental capabilities:

1. SKA1, early deployment phase (50% and up)

2. Fully specified SKA1

3. Fully specified SKA2

• 140 self-contained chapters, most now on arXiv

• Publication in 2015 Q1, ~2000 pages

SKA Science Book:

Page 36: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA Science Book:First Author Affiliations by Country UK

ITDEAUNLZACNUSFRPTCAESNZSEHRINJPKRNOTW

Page 37: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

SKA Science Book:

Total Author Affiliations by Country UKITUSDEAUNLZAFRCNCAPTJPSEESNZNOCHINRU

Page 38: SKA Update and Science Prospects - ESOWhat is the SKA? Science Director’s Report, BD-12-17 250,000 element Low Frequency Aperture Array 20 254 dishes 24 50 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

Integrated receivers for mid-band SKA · CSIRO. Integrated receivers for mid-band SKA Target specification highlights • 250 MHz to 2500 MHz RF range. • Onboard by-passable RF

Integrated receivers for mid-band SKA · CSIRO. Integrated receivers for mid-band SKA Target specification highlights • 250 MHz to 2500 MHz RF range. • Onboard by-passable RF

PE42482 - Peregrine Semiconductor SP8T RF Switch Page 6 DOC-75785-3 – (03/2017) Return loss (active port) RFC–RF1/8 10–100 MHz 100 MHz–1 GHz 1–2 GHz 2–4 GHz 4–6 GHz 6–8

PE42482 - Peregrine Semiconductor SP8T RF Switch Page 6 DOC-75785-3 – (03/2017) Return loss (active port) RFC–RF1/8 10–100 MHz 100 MHz–1 GHz 1–2 GHz 2–4 GHz 4–6 GHz 6–8

Multiband LTE-A/WWAN Antenna for a Tablet · MHz - 862 MHz, 2.3 GHz - 2.4 GHz, 3.4 GHz - 4.2 GHz, 4.4 GHz - 4.99 GHz [1]. LTE-A provides much high-er data rate for real-time voice

Multiband LTE-A/WWAN Antenna for a Tablet · MHz - 862 MHz, 2.3 GHz - 2.4 GHz, 3.4 GHz - 4.2 GHz, 4.4 GHz - 4.99 GHz [1]. LTE-A provides much high-er data rate for real-time voice

Public Safety Radio Bands VHF-Low Band: 25 MHz to 50 MHz VHF-High: 138 MHz to 174 MHz UHF: 408 MHz to 512 MHz 700 MHz (new) 800 MHz 4.9 GHz (new)

Public Safety Radio Bands VHF-Low Band: 25 MHz to 50 MHz VHF-High: 138 MHz to 174 MHz UHF: 408 MHz to 512 MHz 700 MHz (new) 800 MHz 4.9 GHz (new)

50 MHz to 2 GHz Quadrature Demodulator ADL5387phil/hardware/usrp/adl5387_datasheet.pdf50 MHz to 2 GHz Quadrature Demodulator ADL5387 ... CDMA2000/GSM Microwave point-to-(multi) ...

50 MHz to 2 GHz Quadrature Demodulator ADL5387phil/hardware/usrp/adl5387_datasheet.pdf50 MHz to 2 GHz Quadrature Demodulator ADL5387 ... CDMA2000/GSM Microwave point-to-(multi) ...

Keysight 53131A/132A/181A Counters · Option 030 100 MHz to 3 GHz Option 050 200 MHz to 5 GHz Option 124 200 MHz to 12.4 GHz Power range and sensitivity (Sinusoid) Option 030 100

Keysight 53131A/132A/181A Counters · Option 030 100 MHz to 3 GHz Option 050 200 MHz to 5 GHz Option 124 200 MHz to 12.4 GHz Power range and sensitivity (Sinusoid) Option 030 100

50 MHz to 3.5 GHz, 45 dB RF Detector AD8312

50 MHz to 3.5 GHz, 45 dB RF Detector AD8312

Science with SKA:. The SKA will provide continuous frequency coverage from 50 MHz to 14 GHz in the first two phases of its construction. A third phase.

Science with SKA:. The SKA will provide continuous frequency coverage from 50 MHz to 14 GHz in the first two phases of its construction. A third phase.

Low-Power Sub-GHz RF Transceiver (470-510 MHz … SWRS082 Page 1 of 92 Low-Power Sub-GHz RF Transceiver (470-510 MHz & 950-960 MHz) Applications Ultra low-power wireless applications

Low-Power Sub-GHz RF Transceiver (470-510 MHz … SWRS082 Page 1 of 92 Low-Power Sub-GHz RF Transceiver (470-510 MHz & 950-960 MHz) Applications Ultra low-power wireless applications

3.2 GHz 4.1 GHz - ClarkeMulti Band Dual Polarization Omni Antenna 698-806 MHz 806-960 MHz 1695-2170 MHz 2300-2700 MHz 5000-6000 MHz 2 dBi (4.5dBi) 2.5 dBi (5dBi) 5 dBi (7dBi) 6 dBi

3.2 GHz 4.1 GHz - ClarkeMulti Band Dual Polarization Omni Antenna 698-806 MHz 806-960 MHz 1695-2170 MHz 2300-2700 MHz 5000-6000 MHz 2 dBi (4.5dBi) 2.5 dBi (5dBi) 5 dBi (7dBi) 6 dBi

400 MHz to 6 GHz Quadrature Demodulator Data Sheet · PDF file400 MHz to 6 GHz Quadrature Demodulator Data Sheet ADL5380 FEATURES Operating RF and LO frequency: 400 MHz to 6 GHz Input

400 MHz to 6 GHz Quadrature Demodulator Data Sheet · PDF file400 MHz to 6 GHz Quadrature Demodulator Data Sheet ADL5380 FEATURES Operating RF and LO frequency: 400 MHz to 6 GHz Input

TRF370417 50-MHz to 6-GHz Quadrature Modulator datasheet ...

TRF370417 50-MHz to 6-GHz Quadrature Modulator datasheet ...

TRF3705 300-MHz to 4-GHz Quadrature Modulator datasheet ...

TRF3705 300-MHz to 4-GHz Quadrature Modulator datasheet ...

MA24108A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 8 GHz MA24118A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to … · Microwave USB Power Sensors MA24108A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 8 GHz MA24118A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 18 GHz Low Cost,

MA24108A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 8 GHz MA24118A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to … · Microwave USB Power Sensors MA24108A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 8 GHz MA24118A, True-RMS, 10 MHz to 18 GHz Low Cost,

PXIe-5840 Specifications - National Instruments · >650 MHz to 1.3 GHz 200 MHz >1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz 500 MHz >2.2 GHz to 6 GHz 1 GHz The PXIe-5840 uses the low frequency subsystem to

PXIe-5840 Specifications - National Instruments · >650 MHz to 1.3 GHz 200 MHz >1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz 500 MHz >2.2 GHz to 6 GHz 1 GHz The PXIe-5840 uses the low frequency subsystem to

Implementation of WRC-15 - ITU: Committed to … WRC-15 Before WRC-15 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz Downlink 33% increase 10.95 GHz 11.45 12.5 GHz New allocation:

Implementation of WRC-15 - ITU: Committed to … WRC-15 Before WRC-15 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz 250 MHz Downlink 33% increase 10.95 GHz 11.45 12.5 GHz New allocation:

122 GHz VK3CV Transceivers - 50 MHz and Up

122 GHz VK3CV Transceivers - 50 MHz and Up

20 MHz to 6 GHz Gain Block - Atlanta Micro

20 MHz to 6 GHz Gain Block - Atlanta Micro

Memo 130 - SKA Telescope · Memo 130 SKA Phase 1: ... ”, Mark Yashar and Athol Kemball, TDP Calibration and Processing Memo 3, Nov. ... 500 K 130 MHz 300 MHz 450 MHz

Memo 130 - SKA Telescope · Memo 130 SKA Phase 1: ... ”, Mark Yashar and Athol Kemball, TDP Calibration and Processing Memo 3, Nov. ... 500 K 130 MHz 300 MHz 450 MHz

Arrangements for the Frequency Spectrum in the 900 MHz ......3 INTRODUCTION In Hong Kong, 552 MHz of frequency spectrum2 in the 850/900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1.9 – 2.2 GHz, 2.3 GHz, and

Arrangements for the Frequency Spectrum in the 900 MHz ......3 INTRODUCTION In Hong Kong, 552 MHz of frequency spectrum2 in the 850/900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1.9 – 2.2 GHz, 2.3 GHz, and