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Transcript of Sjldllds ;l;sf’;’;s بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم 1389 1 IUMS, Depart of Anatomical...
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sjldllds
• ;l;sf’;’;s
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم
1389 1IUMS, Depart of Anatomical Sciences & Molecular Biology
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2Figure 12.2b
Diencephalon
ThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusSubthalamusMethathalamusRetinaClinical points Anatomy
Function
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Diencephalon
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Cerebrum
• It is derived from prosencephalon and is the largest part of brain
• It consists of two parts :– Diencephalon, which is a symmetrical
central core of the brain– Telencephalon, which forms cerebral
hemispheres
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Diencephalon, or 3rd ventricle & its walls
• Located between midbrain and cerebral hemisphere
• Consists of a thin & slit like cavity called; 3rd ventricle, and thick walls
• In an intact brain, the only surface of diencephalon which can be seen is its inferior surface
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Derivatives from diencephalon :
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Epithalamus
• Subthalamus
• Methathamus
• Retina
• Neural hypophysis
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Diencephalon
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Boundries of Diencephalon
• Inferior surface :– made by hypothalamus and the other
structures include:– Optic chiasm– Infundibulum– Tuber cinereum– Mammillary bodies
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Boundries of Diencephalon
• Superior surface:– Fornix
• Lateral surface:– Internal capsule
• Medial surface:– 3rd ventricle
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3rd ventricle
• Anterior wall, lamina terminalis, a thin sheet of gray matter across which passes anterior commissure
• Posterior wall:– Opening of cerebral aqueduct– Posterior commissure – Pineal recess– Habenular commissure
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•*•*
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Diencephalon
Figure 9-10: The diencephalon
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3rd ventricle ....
• Lateral wall:– Thalamus– Hypothalamus– Hypothalamus sulcus– Stria medullaris thalami – Interthalamic connection
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Thalamus
• Dorsomedial part : 1 section
• Lateral part : 2 section
• Ventral part : 3 section *
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•Slide 40*•Slide 40*
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Hypothalamus boundaries
• Inferior surface• Optic chiasm• Tuber cinereum, a convex mass of grey
matter as seen from inferior surface:– Infundibulum– Median eminence, a raised part of tuber cinereum
to which is attached the infundibulum
• Infundibulum + median eminence + posterior lobe of hypophysis = neurohypophysis
• Mammillary bodies + &
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Hypothalamic nuclei 12
Medial
5
Lateral
4
Medial & lateral, 3
Anterior zone
Paraventricular
L Supra-
A Optic
Preoptic
Intermediat-e zone
Dorso medial, ventro medial & Infundibular
T Lateral
E Tuberal
R
suprachiasmatic
Posterior zone
posterior A Tubero
L Mammi.
Mammillary
•*•*
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Hypothalamic function
• Survival of individual & species
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Survival of individuals & species
• Body homeostasis:– Regulation of body
fluids, electrolytes & circulation.
– Regulation of body temperature
• Survival strategies:• Regulation of eating• Regulation of
drinking• Defense • Sexual activity • Regulation of sleep
and awareness
• Memory +*
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Epithalamus
• Habenular nuclei and their connections & pineal glands– Pineal glands, pinealocytes and glial cells– Brain sands (concretions of calcified
material in pineal glands)
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Subthalamus
– Cranial ends of red nucleus & substantia nigra
– Cranial ends of lemnisci tracts
• *
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Function of hypothalamus
• Survival of individuals & species
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Function of hypothalamus …
• I. Hypothalamus is an executive arm of limbic system
• II. Integrates somatic and visceral responses to maintain homeostasis
• III. All hypothalamic function is done through :– A - Endocrine system (via hypophysis)– B - Autonomic system
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A - Hypothalamus is connected to hypophysis through 2 pathways:
• 1. Hypothalamohypophyseal portal system: releasing or inhibiting hormones that act on the anterior pituitary (anterior hypophysis or adenohypophysis)
• 2. Hypothalamohypophyseal tract: oxytocin (pitocin) and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that are released by the posterior pituitary ( posterior hypophysis or neurohypophysis) +
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B - Hypothalamus controls autonomic nervous system through:
• 1. Sympathetic system: fight or flight (intruder in your apartment)
• 2. Parasympathetic system: rest and digest (after Thanks giving dinner) +
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THE ENDTHE END
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Diencephalon
Figure 9-10: The diencephalon
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Boundries of Diencephalon
• Superior surface:– Fornix
• Lateral surface:– Internal capsule
• Medial surface:– 3rd ventricle
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•Slide 40*•Slide 40*
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Hypothalamus boundaries
• Inferior surface• Optic chiasm• Tuber cinereum, a convex mass of grey
matter as seen from inferior surface:– Infundibulum– Median eminence, a raised part of tuber cinereum
to which is attached the infundibulum
• Infundibulum + median eminence + posterior lobe of hypophysis = neurohypophysis
• Mammillary bodies + &
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Hypothalamic nuclei 12
Medial
5
Lateral
4
Medial & lateral, 3
Anterior zone
Paraventricular
L Supra-
A Optic
Preoptic
Intermediat-e zone
Dorso medial, ventro medial & Infundibular
T Lateral
E Tuberal
R
suprachiasmatic
Posterior zone
posterior A Tubero
L Mammi.
Mammillary
•*•*
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Epithalamus
• Habenular nuclei and their connections & pineal glands– Pineal glands, pinealocytes and glial cells– Brain sands (concretions of calcified
material in pineal glands)
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•*•*