Sizing up Selenium

Sizing up SeleniumLydia Harvengt and Jasmine Meyer

Jasmine1The FactsYou need selenium to liveBut too much selenium, and you get selenosisWhen you get selenosis, your breath will smell like garlicWhen your breath smells like garlic, people may think youre trying to scare away a vampireWhen people think you are trying to scare away a vampire, they may peg you as a Twilight fanDont be pegged as a Twilight fanWatch your selenium intake!

Lydia2

What is selenium?

Lydia3Natural FormThe most common form in selenium supplements

Lydia4How much do you need?RDA 55mcg/day

National Instututes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium Dietary Fact Sheet.http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed March, 2, 2014).Food% DV SeleniumHam (3 oz)60%Macaroni (1 cup)53%Chicken (3 oz)31%Egg (1)21%Break (1 slice whole wheat)19%Upper limit (UL) 400mcg/ day. Additional foods: Cereal, turkey, beef, brocolli, spinach, brown rice, fish, tofu.5SupplementsSelenium deficiencyTreating Crohns diseaseReducing the risk of some cancersReducing the risk of cardiovascular diseaseReducing the risk of prostate cancer

20 %Of Americans take a supplement containing Selenium Why?Common in:Mens MultivitaminsJasmine6Selenium is Converted to Selenoproteins in the BodyMore than 25 selenoproteins are knownSelenoproteins are active inReproductionThyroid hormone metabolismDNA synthesisProtection from damage and infectionFew pathways are understoodNational Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium Dietary Fact Sheet. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed March, 2, 2014).Lydia7Mechanism of Incorporation

Lydia8Please use with CAUTION!

WARNING!Individuals taking medicine for lowering cholesterol, niacin, sedative medications and warfarin should also exercise caution because of potential interference.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicity Profile for Selenium. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp92.pdf (accessed March 1, 2014),

Jasmine10Characterization 1H-NMR spectra Absorption maxima by UV-VIS Stretching vibrations from IR spectraHPLC showing the separation of different forms of seleniumLydia111H-NMR spectra

- Methyl Group- Singlet Lydia121H-NMR spectra

Lydia13IR SpectraFrequency3165 m2922 vs2831 w1616 vs, br1583 vs, br1508 vs, br1444 m1406 vs, br1360sh/1346 s 1315 s1275m/1263m1219 vs1174 m1150 s 1113s1065m1022w/862s923m903m793s760w727s/698s678w638/594w577m538vs420vsKey: vs: very strong; s: strong; m: medium; w:weak; vw: very weak; br:broadParametersBruker IFS 66 FTIRKBr Pellet Technique4000-400 cm-1

CH3-SeCOO-COO-NitrogenNitrogenNitrogen

Absorption Spectra (UV-Vis)HPLC-ICP-MS(A) selenium Yeast Slurry and (B) Selenolife Yeast Tablet Prepared from the Yeast Slurry. (1) Selenomethionine Se-oxide (2) S-(methylseleno)cysteine, (3) Selenomethionine

So where do I find selenium?Jar of Dirt Video?

Natural Processing

Jasmine18Organic Form ProductionMethionine is transformed to the organic form of Selenium by replacing a sulfur atom with a selenium atom.

When in the organic form, selenium is regularly absorbed by soil and easily digested. Christensen, K. Selenium the Essential Trace Mineral. http://www.goatbiology.com/selenium.html (Accessed on March 2, 2014).

Jasmine19Supplement Processing

Cultured in Sodium Selenite

When cultured, the inorganic forms only make up 1% of the product. The rest of the product can be made into supplements.

Images From: http://en.angelyeast.com/contents/1309/20169.htmlhttp://www.globalsources.com/gsol/I/Food-additive/p/sm/1078107359.htm#1078107359Baran, E. J.; Zeitschrift fr Naturforschung. B, A. Chem. Sci. 2005, 60, 663-666.

Jasmine20ConclusionSelenium is necessarySelenium supplements (generally) are not necessary in America

Questions?