Sizing a Till a statistical approach - [email protected]/4376/1/33-42.pdfSizing a Till...
Transcript of Sizing a Till a statistical approach - [email protected]/4376/1/33-42.pdfSizing a Till...
Sizing a Till a statistical approach H. Patnaik *
Introduction
In an ore-dressing plant, the energy con-
sumption (kwh/t) in grinding constitutes about
70% of the total processing cost. Thus the
energy consumption of a grinding mill becomes
an important factor in cost economics of the
process. Of the several factors affecting the
energy consumption of grinding mill, the size
(dia) of the mill is more important. It is also
seen that maximum energy consumption(1) is
attributed to the ball load as it constitutes 45-
50% of the mill volume.
In this paper, a log-log relationship is
obtained between power consumption (kwh/t)
and i) ball load and ii) mill-diameter. A know-
ledge of Bond's work index and further the total
power for the mill throughput are known a priori,
this power consumption is then utilized to find
ball load and/or mill size. The calculation is for
a closed circuit wet grinding in 0.F discharge
ball mill and a simple rod mill. For grate dis-
charge ball mill the appropriate correction
factors are utilized(2).
Description
Several complex empirical equations are
developed(2) relating to mill dia, speed, ball/rod
load (`)/01 mill volume), ball size. But speed varies
in a narrow range viz. 75 to 80% of Nc for ball
mill and 65 to 75% of Nc for rod mill. Nc is the
critical rpm of the mill. Maximum energy con-
sumption is found to be due to media load. So
for a fixed media load (% of mill volume) and
a constant speed, power consumed is related to
mill diameter. A log-log plot of the data(2)
shows a straight line relationship.
Regression equations are determined for
both the mills. The correlation co-efficient and
chi-square ( K2 )- test confirms the accuracy of
equation.
TABLE-1
The values of n and a in y=--a xn for mills.
Mill % mill volume filling
Ball mill 40 45 35
n 3.1597 3.1721 3.1379
a 12.2761 12.5846 11.90924
Rod mill
n 3.1296 3.15232 3.08302
a 15.40636 15.8016 14.928
Application :
For an ore the work index is determined
by Bond's method. With the knowledge of mill
throughput and with the help of several correc-
tion factors—dry, open circuit, high/low reduc-
tion ratio, the mill power (kw at pinion shaft) is
calculated. From the equations developed in this paper, the mill size is calculated.
EXAMPLE
Size an O'F ballmill with 40% ball load
with the use of data :
Mill throughput (tph)
500.0
Feed size ( p m )
1200
Product size ( p m )
175
Work index, Wi
11.7
* Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831007.
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)- W = 10 Wi (_ v/-
P 1/175 Ni1 200 = 10 x 11.7 ( 1 = 5.47 kwh/t
So total power consumption = W x throughput 5.47 x 500 = 2735 kw
y = a xn, y = kw, x = dia (m) inside liner, n = 3.1296 and a = 12.2761
Substituting in equation : 2735 = 12.2761 (X)3.1597
So X = 5.23 (m)
Use a mill 5.53 x 5.53 inside liner or a 5.73 x 5.73 outside liner ballmill.
RODMILL REGRESSION EQUATION :
y = a xn or log y= log a + n log x. Here y = w, x n
or Y = ao + a1 X, Y = log y, ao = log a
Exy N ZXY- EX .EY = and = ao ai )1- or ao N T oxx N x2 - (zx)2
( 14 x 15.73675 - 5.5626 x 34.0364) 30.9836 = a 1
3.1296 = (1) (•4 x 2.9173311 -- ( 5.5626 )2 ) 9.9001
same for all al's
( 14 x 15.8644 - 5.5626 x 34.3175 ) 31.2083 a1 ___ = _ 3.15232 (2) Dr 9.9001
( 14 x 1 5.5724 - 5.5626 x 33.5839 ) 31.20 al = _ = 3.08302
(3) Dr 9.9001
a0 ---
(
- al g + V - - ( (
3.1 2960 )
3.15232 ) x
3.08302)
( .397331
(
) -I- (
(
2.43120 )
2.45125 )
2.39900)
(
= (
(
1.1877 )
1.1987 )
1.1740 ) = log a
( 15.406359 )
So a = ( 15.801560 )
( 14 927944 )
Thus in equation y = a x" the values of a and n for different % mill volume filling are :
% mill volume filling
40 45 35
n 3.12960 3.15232 3.08302
a 15.40636 1 5.80160 14.92800
35
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52
BALLMILL REGRESSION EQUATION :
ai - ( 14 x 19.75063 - 6.6925 x 36.3922) 32.954021 3.1597
(1) [ 14 x 3.94421 - ( 6.6925 )2 10.4294 Denominator same for all al's
(14 x 19.87124 - 6.6925 x 36.6252) 33.08321 a1 = _ 3.1721 (2) Dr 10.4294
( 14 x 19.57637 - 6.6925 x 36.0616) 32.7269 al - = 3.1379
(3) Dr 10.4294
( 2.5994) ( 3.1597) ( 1.08906 )
ao = Y-a1 X = ( 2.6161) - 0.4780 ( 3.1721) = ( 1.09984 ) = log a
( 2.5758) ( 3.1379) ( 1.07588 )
( 12.276088 ) So a = ( 12.584617 )
( 11.909230 )
Thus in equation y = a xn the values of a and n for different % mill volume filling are :
fiNGC■I■IOMMIC■
% mill volume filling
40
n 3.1597 3.1721 3.1379
a 12.2761 12.58462 11.90924
45 35
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT : (r)
15x r = a
1 SY
, where S S are sample - x Y - n-1 Ix or y
standard deviations and a1' are from the regression equations already determined i.e.
y = ao + al x
Sxx E( X - 30 ( X -T. ) x )-T )2
sx2 E( Sxx I ( n 1 ) ( n-1)
or ( n 1 ) Sx2 = Sxx
37
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a1 — 3.1296 (1)
r = 3.1296 x 0.2330929 0.7309081 — 0.9980564
a1 0 3.15232 , r = 3.15232 x —
.2330929 .7352962- = 0.9993026
(2) 0
a1 — 3 08302 r = 3.08302 x 012330929 = 0.9765066 1 — 07359193 (3)
BALLMALL
a1 = 3.1597 , r 0.239392
3.1597 x _ 0.9998889 (1)
239392 a1 — 3.1721 , r = 3.1721 x 0.
— 0.9999757
0.7593938
a1 = 3 1379
(3)
0.239392 r = 3.1379 x = 0.9999468
0.7512281
0.7564909
(2)
Conclusions :
— Energy consumption in milling (rod and / or ball mill) constitutes about 70% of the total processing cost of an ore-dressing plant. A proper sizing of a mill is important.
— Regression equations are developed for rod and ball mills. It obviates the complicated
empirical equation developed earlier (2)
— A knowledge of Bond's work index and the plant throughput is required to find the total power required for the mill which in turn
establishes the size of mill through the reg-ression equations.
— The correlation coefficients and Chi-square
K2 test are made to establish the adequacy of fit of the equations.
Acknowledgement
The author wishes to acknowledge the encouragement given by the Director, National Metallurgical Laboratoy, Jamshedput for this work.
References :
(1) Hand Book of Mineral Dressing — Taggart A.F. pp
5-49, Power consumption, John Wilsey B. Sons
Inc 1927.
(2) Mineral Processing Plant Design — Mular A. L. and
Bhappu R.B.
Mineral Processing Division of Society of Mining,
Engineers of AIME, 2nd Edition, 1980. (American
Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum
Engineers Inc)
i ) pp 248, equation 3, 3a and Table V pp 250
Rod mill
ii) pp 256, equation 4, 4a and Table VII pp 258
Ball mill
40
APPENDIX
EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS ( for power calculation ) :
Kwr = 1.752 Di ( 6.3 — 5.4 Vp ) fl\lc
3.2 — 3V ) fl\lc ( 1 0.1 Kwb 4.879 D°.3( 29 — Offic 4 SS
B --- 12.5D
\ 50.8
Kwr or Kwb , the power at mill pinion shaft ( Kw per tonne of rods or balls )
D, Diameter (m) inside liner of rod or ball mill
Vp , fraction of mill volume loaded with rods or balls
fNIc , fraction of critical mill speed
Ss , Kw per tonne of balls
B , ball size (mm)
WORK INDEX ( WI )
Work index Wi is kwh/ts required to break from infinite size, F =
Rallmill : Wi = 44.5/A, A = P9.23 k 10/v 10/Vr G(b). 82 --
Wi = 62/B , B = P( G0.625 )*23 10/1/ P — 10/T/
Wi , work-index ( kwh/ts for ball — or rod mill
P1 , mesh of grind (fz m )
P,F Product and feed size (u m ), 80% passing size
Gb Gr net gram produced per revolution
cc to P ------ 100 /.4 m
Power ( kw ) at mill pinionshaft is given by
W = Wi ( 10/1/V — 10/1/T), W ( kwh is ). Converting to tm by multiplying
a factor 1.1 we have ;
W=11 Wi (1/1/1.— 1/1,
EFFICIENCY / CORRECTION FACTORS :
Work-index ( Wi is caluclated for an overflow ball rod mill 2.44 m (id), closed
circuit wet grinding 250% circulating load ( C. L. ) with feed, F coarser than 4000 pm and
Ss = 1.102
41
1.3
1.2
( P + 10.3 ) / 1 .145 P
0.13
Rr 1.35
( 250 / C )0.1
( 2.44 I D )0.2
1 -i--
product, P not finer than 74 m. So for an industrial practice, efficiency/correction
factors are needed.
( . ) ball mill, ( — ) rod mill, ( —) ball and rod mill
ki corrections due to
1 ( )
2 ( )
3 ( . )
4 ( )
5 ( • )
6 ( )
7 ( — )
8 ( — )
—)
DISCUSSION
S. T. Kulkarni
NULL, Bombay
dry
open circuit
finer grinding than 74 m
low reduction ratio ( Rr <6 ) particulary
in regrinding circuit
C. L., Circulating load. C > 50 O/0
mill dia
F—F0 P oversize feed factor coarser than ( Wi — 7 )1
F0 F optimum feed (related to Wi )
F0 =16000 (13/Wi ) = x for rod mill
F0 = x for ball mill
1 ( Rr Rro )2 /150 , Rro 8 -f- 5 L/D high or low Rr , reduction rate
No equation for Rro 2 = Rr otherwise use it for low Rr and also for
high Rr ( when Wi ) 7 )
Rod mill only 1.4 0CC crushing feed OCC, Open circuit crushing
1.2 CCC crushing feed CCC, Closed circut crushing
rod and ball mill combined :
1.2 0CC crushing feed
No factor for CCC crushing feed
(a)
(b)
Question 1 : Please elaborate the change on
power consumption by conventional method
and by your method and how the saving is
achieved ?
Author : I have not mentioned any saving in
power consumption. The paper relates to the
statistical analysis of a set of data and forma-
tion of generalised equation which can be used
to size a mill.
M. S. Prakasa Rao
Manager (OD), R D, NMDC.
Question : Any attempt to design autogenous
grinding mill ?
Author . The equations are developed only
for bail mill and rod mill. We have not studied
the design aspects for autogenous grinding mill.
V. Venkatachalam
Maharashtra Minerals Ltd , Bombay.
Question : What is the definition of unit 150
to 200.
Author : These figures relate to the mesh size.
Ex: 200 mesh is equal to 74 micron (.074 mm).
These are some standard screen/sieve sizes.
There is nothing like 120 and 80 mesh in this series.
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