Annotated Bibliography

1．Brizuela, G., S. Llana, R. Ferrandis, and A. C. Garcia-Belenguer. 1997. "The influence of basketball shoes with increased ankle support on shock attenuation and performance in running and jumping." Journal Of Sports Sciences 15, no. 5: 505-515. SPORTDiscus withFull Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 25, 2014).

Brizuela, G., S. Llana, R. Ferrandis, and A. C. Garcia-Belenguer focused on the influence of footwear with increased ankled support on ankle kinematics and on impact loads during landing from a vertical jump using high-speed cinematography, dynamometry and accelerometry in a series of tests in which a rebound action was simulated. This paper provided some data that they tested. They selected several male students who played basketball and let them wear two prototype shoes which are high-top and low-top. They used high-tech equipment to the effect of ankle support on shock attenuation when landing after jumping. The result showed that for the barefoot jumping condition, the forehead acceleration was found to be significantly lower than the high-support shoe. An increase in the delay between forefoot and heel impact forces was found in this condition in comparison with the low-support shoe. This research paper has several figures and data that show specific number and differences between two types of shoes and I will use them in my paper.

2．Wing Kai Lam , Thorsten Sterzing & Jason Tak-Man Cheung (2011) “Reliability of a

basketball specific testing protocol for footwear fit and comfort perception.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

Fit and comfort of basketball shoes are important aspect for consumers and manufacturers, as they are related to athletic performance., fatigue and injury development. In order to test the fit and comfort of basketball shoes, the BSC incorporated a sequence of acceleration, deceleration, lateral shuffling, lay-up, backward running, jumping, and landing movements. They selected nineteen male university players and wore six different basketball shoes. They measured heel-cushion, forefoot cushion, heel region, collar of these shoes and let those players rated the shoes, so they can analysis which shoes is most fit and comfort and why. The result showed that shoe with high-top, minimal padding and large sole heel thickness is more comfortable. This paper have many specific detail data about each pair of shoes and players feedback, so there are lots of comparison between every pair of shoes. I can use these comparison to find which combination is the better choice and what kind of shoes can make players feel more comfortable and improve their performance.

3．Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui, Hong Youlian, and Li Jing Xian. 2007. "Cushioning and lateral stability functions of cloth sport shoes." Sports Biomechanics 6, no. 3: 407-417. SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 25, 2014).

This paper evaluated the protective functions of cloth sport shoes, including cushioning and lateral stability. So this group selected twelve students participated in this research. They tested several different shoes, which are cloth sport shoes, running shoes, basketball shoes, cross-training shoes and barefoot condition. One of the most important data that they focus on is impact force. As we all know, most players are in big size, so they need better shoes to decrease impact force on their body when they jumping or doing other movements. They set some equipments in a room that test the impact force when testers jump from a 3.8 m box and let testers crossing running to test the lateral stability. The result showed that the cloth sport shoes has 2.55 BW of impact force but basketball shoes only has 2.37 BW of impact force. So basketball shoes really can reduce the impact force. However, the lateral stability is no differences among these shoes. In this paper, I noticed that they test cloth sort shoes and basketball shoes. As we all know, 30 years ago, basketball players wore cloth sport shoes to play basketball, but now they wear high-tech basketball shoes to play. So it an let me write a good comparison between the old technology of cloth sport shoes and basketball shoes.

4．Torsten Brauner , Marc Zwinzscher and Thorsten Sterzing. 2012. “Basketball

footwear requirements are dependent on playing position.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

This study aimed to investigate players’ subjective demands of basketball footwear according to playing position and respective physical game requirements. A supervised questionnaire survey of 165 basketball players of heterogeneous skill level was carried out. They were divided into three sections(a) subject profile, (b) athletic demands of playing positions, and (c) basketball footwear. The χ2 test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical evaluation of the non-parametric data.The three playing positions have very different physical profiles: guards require speed and agility, centers require strength and strong leaping ability, and forward players are versatile all-rounders. Overall, ankle stability was rated the most important shoe characteristic and mid-cut uppers were favored by the majority of players. Shoe preferences differed only marginally between playing positions: guards put more emphasis on low-weight and more flexible shoes whereas center players prefer shoes with high stability and injury protection. Accordingly, center player favored high-cut uppers.The findings reveal the potential for two position-specific basketball shoe models: a low- to mid-

cut agility shoe model for guards and small forwards that has high traction and is supportive during acceleration and cutting movements, and a mid- to high-cut stability shoe for power forwards and centers with the focus on ankle stability and jumping performance. The stability shoe could easily be complemented with additional ankle braces.

5．Torsten Brauner , Marc Zwinzscher and Thorsten Sterzing. 2012. “Basketball shoes: what players wear and what they demand.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

This paper was describe basketball player’s footwear habits, their views on specific physical demands due to playing position and their expectation regarding the importance of basketball shoe characteristics. A total of 164 male active basketball players were included in this survey. It was divided into three part: A asking players for their current footwear properties. B asking players to rank from one(most important) to three (least important) the following six athletic characteristics regarding their importance for three playing positions: strength,vertical jump, sprinting, acceleration,agility and cutting. C asking for choosing five out of nine basketball shoes characteristics: stability, flexibility, low shoe weight, comfort, traction, injury, protection, cushioning, breathability and to rank from 1 to 3. The result showed that 52% of center players favored high cut shoes. Guards are characterized as quick and agile, forwards as all-rounders with high jumping abilities and centers as strong and high jumping athletes. I can use these data value to talk about what shoes that different player’s position like and why they like these characteristics of this shoes and how they improve their performance.

6．Nestor W. Sherman & Mike Daniela , 2002. “Effects of High-Top and Low-Top

Shoes on Ankle Inversion.”Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, (accessed February 25, 2014).

Ankle injury are very common among participants in basketball playing. How to use high technology and better design to protect players is important. So this paper focus on the effects of high-top and low-top shoes on ankle inversion. So the researchers measured the amount of inversion, the average rate of inversion and the maximum amount of inversion in 20 college age male. During the test, the subjects stood on a platform with their weight on their right foot, balancing only the toes of their left foot, then the support right foot was unexpectedly removed, allowing a 35 degree inversion to occur in ankle and analysis it with a computer. The result showed that the high-top shoes decreased the total amount of inversion by 4.5

degree, decreased the maximum amount of inversion by 100.1 degree per second, and decreased the average amount of inversion by 73 degree per second, so it showed that high-top shoes can significantly reduce the risk of ankle inversion and provided better protection for basketball players. I can use these data to compare the effects of different height collar of basketball shoes.

7．Songning, Zhang, Kurt Clowers, Charles Kohstall, and Yu Yeon-Joo. 2005. "Effects

of Various Midsole Densities of Basketball Shoes on Impact Attenuation During Landing Activities." Journal Of Applied Biomechanics 21, no. 1: 3-17. SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 28, 2014).

The purpose of this study was to examine of shoe midsole densities and mechanical demands (landing heights) on impact shock attenuation and lower extremity biomechanics during a landing activity. Nine healthy male college athletes performed 5 trials of step-off landing in each od 9 test conditions. A combination of landing in shoes of 3 midsole densities (soft, normal, hard) from each of 3 landing potential energy(PE) levels( low, median, high). Ground reaction forces (GRF), acceleration (ACC) of the tibia and forehead, and sagittal kinematic data were sampled simultaneously. The GRF results showed that the forefoot peak GRF in the normal and hard midsoles was significantly greater than the soft midsole at the low and median PEs. Rearfoot peak GRF was significantly greater for the hard midsole than for the soft and normal midsoles at the median and high PEs, respectively. The peak head and tibia peak ACC were also attenuated in similar fashion. Kinematic variables did not vary significantly across different midsoles, nor did energy absorbed through lower extremity were shown to be dominant in attenuating the forefoot impact force across the landing heights. The results showed limited evidence of impact-attenuating benefits of the soft midsole in the basketball shoes. I can use this data to compare the different materials that using in basketball shoes and the development of midsole technology improve players performance.

8．Gordan, Valiant. NIKE SPORT Reaearch Laboratory, "The effect of outsole pattern

on basketball shoe traction." Accessed February 28, 2014. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/viewFile/1497/1347.

This research has been conducted during the last decade in the area of athletic footwear, but little has dealt with the traction needs of shoes, particularly basketball shoes. Rheinstein, Morehouse, and Niebel(1978) showed that the resistances to rotation about a vertical axis for elastomer type and for polyurethane basketball shoe outsoles were not appreciably different, however, as the hardness of the outsole increased, this study was to make a more specific determination of the traction characteristics of different basketball shoes outsoles, and primarily to determine the effect that the pattern of the outsole has on traction. Six different basketball shoe outsole patterns tested for translational and rotational friction characteristics. Three other shoes were included in the study, a second shoe with the standard herringbone pattern composed of a different rubber formulation, and two shoes with flat outsoles. The result that a stipple pattern is a generally added to a basketball shoe outsole for cosmetic reasons, however, it appears that if the stipples are lager and both in translation as well as in rotation, by varying that size, location, and orientation of the stipple pattern on the outsole, the ability to reduce free moments of rotation may be regulated to some extent.

9．DONALD RHEINSTEIN, CHAUNCEY A. MOREHOUSE, BENIAMIN W.

NIEBEL. Sports Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania, "Effects 0n traction of outsole composition and hardnesses of basketball shoes and three types of playing surfaces." Accessed February 28, 2014. http://ebookbrowsee.net/effects-on-traction-of-outsole-composition-and-hardness-of-basketball-shoes-and-three-types-of-playing-surfaces-pdf-d458823106.

The purpose of this investigation were to determine the effects of outsole composition and hardness, playing surfaces and player weight on the dynamic torque,traction forces and static drag developed at the shoe-surface interface. Basketball shoe of polyurethane and elastomer outsoles, each of three different hardnesses, were conducted using a laboratory apparatus which included a player leg assembly with simulation of two player weights. Dynamic torque, traction forces from side and rear impacts and static drag were measured at the shoe surface interface. Two player weights were utilized: one of approximately 180 pounds to represent the average weight of a college player and 150 pounds to typify the average weight of a college or high school player. Three test playing surfaces: clean hardwood, dusty hardwood, and clean artificial flooring, each approximately 18 in. The results indicated that in basketball the magnitude of the resistance forces and torque are influenced by the outsole material and outsole hardness of the shoes, the playing surface and player weights.

10．Blache, Y., A. Beguin, and K. Monteil. 2011. "Effects of various parameters of

basketball shoes on vertical jumping performance: A case study". Science & Sports. 26 (1): 48-50.

This study aimed at analyzing the influence of shoes characteristics on various vertical jump performances. One national male basketball player (age: 20 years; height: 2 m; body mass: 95 kg) gave his full informed consent to participate in this study. Concerning the characteristics of the shoes, only three parameters were taken into consideration: the height of upper (backside shoe) (High/Low [H/L]), the mass (Heavy/Light [He/Li]), and the flexibility of the upper (Flexible/Stiff [F/S]). Then, eight different pairs were used to surround all these parameters. Results found during SJ, CMJ90 and CMJ were different. Concerning SJ, performance decreased with basketball shoes associated to the parameter “heavy” mainly. This alteration in performance would be mainly due to a change of co-ordination between hip and knee joints. Participant would adapt to this situation by increasing range of motion of hip, knee and ankle joints. Concerning CMJ90, the parameters “heavy” and “high” were the most related to the decrease of performance.