Six social challenges in afghanistan

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-Social challenges in Afghanistan

By: M. Bayer DarmelAssistant Professor & Head of academic

researches Nangarhar University


Nangarhar University• Nangarhar University (NU) established in 1963 is the second

largest university Afghanistan.• NU has 13 Faculties with58 Departments• 432 Academic Staff (23 PhD, 174 Master, and 235 Bachelor)

Out of all 22 are female Total of 12884 Students out of them 980 are female • 15667 Graduated Students during 50years .• Affiliate d with,Texas University, Purdue University, Illunise

University, Ruhr University Bochum Germany , TU_Berlin University Germany and Peshawar University


Medical faculty teaching hospital Science faculty

Agriculture faculty

Veterinary faculty


Impact of about three decades of war

• Between 1978 and 2001, Afghanistan experienced a series of conflicts and regime changes.

• During this time, armed violence killed nearly two million Afghan citizens

• Another million orphaned or disabled,• Forced up to one third of the population to flee the country as

refugees • These years of conflict devastated the physical and social

infrastructure of the country, destroyed agricultural production, and disrupted the education of an entire generation of Afghans.


•

Migration of Farmers and nomads from AFG durring the ducat of 80

From Dr Nasrin ppt


Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)


Health, demographic change and well-being

• There are very few female health workers.• Training females is going to be a real challenge because of the

low literacy rates.• There are few commitments to long term funding, and funds

pledged take long to come in the form of a project or programmed ready for implementation.

• The country needs substantial, effective investment in other sectors such as education, water and sanitation, employment and housing.

• Inadequate knowledge & skills for achieving good health nutrition.


Health, demographic change and well-being• No sufficient restored and upgraded health care facilities.• Low services to rural areas still unreachable.• Health information system is weak (including surveillance);• Low skill bio medical researches.• Infant mortality rate 135/1000 maternal mortality rate

1600/100000 (2008-2009)• Life expectancy 44 (2009) 49,72 (2012 )• 2067 person per hospital bed.• 19 doctors 48,8 medical helper per 100000 person• Government investment 1$ PER CAPITA• Million of people of drug addicted need immediate health

care where 40 % are returned refuges.


Health, demographic change and well-being

• Annual growth rat estimated 2,3% Total fertility rate 6.3 which is highest in SA .

• 2008 rural population 79 but in 2012 (70 % )• Male 51 % female 50 % , war caused 3,3 % of women to head

the household.• 50% population is under 15 it can be a great demographic

challenge • HIV positive incidents 1250 (2011-12 ) 336 (2010-2011)• Population is estimated 25.1 million in 2008-09


Food security Sustainable agriculture the bio-based economy

• . Between year 2007/08 and 2011/12, food insecurity increased from 29 percent to 33 percent of the population or 8.82 million people.

• Deteriorating security situation resulted more than 500,000 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in 2012 with this projected to rise to 700,000 by the end of 2013.

• Susceptibility to recurring natural hazards and disasters (i.e. earthquakes, frequent droughts, floods, landslides and avalanches) that affect some 250,000 people annually.

• 11 per cent severely food-insecure and 13 per cent moderately food-insecure.

•


Food security…

• Thirty six per cent of Afghans live below the poverty line, and over half of the population is at serious risk of falling into poverty. Fifty per cent of the workforce is underemployed, particularly in rural areas.

• Thirty six per cent of Afghans live below the poverty line, and over half of the population is at serious risk of falling into poverty.

• Fifty per cent of the workforce is underemployed, particularly in rural areas.


Sustainable agriculture

• Insufficient availability of and accessibility to improved certified seeds

• Low knowledge and skills base among producers, service providers and consumers.

• Delayed rehabilitation and construction of irrigation systems• Insufficient availability of financial services• Low knowledge and skills base among producers, service

providers and consumers. • Diversification of Livelihood• Search for poppy alternative is till a top story in Agri-field


Low quality of inputs (counterfeit and sub-standard medicines and vaccines),Insufficient feed resource base for the animal population Land rights and land use issues


,Resource efficiency, climate action and raw material

• Disrupted local management of water resources.• Shortage of irrigation infrastructures and water management

systems.• Over-exploitation of the natural resource base by the people

of Afghanistan.• Diversification of livelihood.• No rain water harvesting system.• No sustainable management of natural resources and

ecosystems.• No reduction nor finding alternatives to critical raw materials.


Smart, green and integrated transport

• Over import of used vehicles• The use of many old and smoking vehicles• Air pollutant concentration from moving traffic in 4042 km

square is(PM2,5-10PM) it is 39,46Mcg/mcub 2,5 fold highier the EPA standard

• According to NEPA 300000 small 100000 tracks are operating in Kabul.

• Very dusty roads• Lack of care from the public


Secure, clean and efficient energy

• 70 percent people live without electricity electricity• More then half electricity is getting import• Burning tires for construction work and heating.• Burning wood and coal during the winter season .• Using of diesel fired electric generators• Burning plastics as a common way of destroying.

• Used motor oil for generation of energy.• High potential of water but no fund for electricity generation• Country has gas but import gas.


Secure societies protecting freedom

• 2013 witnessed a significant increase in weapon wounded patients as direct impact of the conflict and failure of the rule of law challenging an unprepared health system.

• Drug traffic is another challenge threatening security.• Terrorism is also a key challenge for protecting freedom.

2013 2012 20110

500100015002000250030003500

Weapon Wounded total 1st quarter of last 3 years

Series1


For references & more information you can refer to the following sources.

• UNHCR website and Global Appeal 2013.• Afghanistan Common Humanitarian Action Plan 2013.• Economic Update, October 2012, World Bank.• World Bank. April 2013. Afghanistan Economic Update.• UNDP. Human Development Report 2013.• World Bank. July 2010. Poverty Status in Afghanistan: A Profile based on National Risk and

Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) 2007/08.• ILO, Afghanistan: Time to move to Sustainable Jobs – Study on Employment in Afghanistan,

2012.• CLUSTER HUMANITARIAN NEEDS REVIEW health report 2013• Afghanistan national strategy• Afghanistan Ministry of agri—irrigation and lives strategy• Afghanistan statistic year book 2008-2009 and 2012• UNODC country program in Afghanistan 2012-2014• Sadiqi atiq A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN KABUL(2009)• Afghanistan ministry of public health policy


Thanks for your attention

Six social challenges in afghanistan

Science

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