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SIU SOM Logo. Microtome for cutting ultrathin tissue sections. Panulirus interruptus , the California spiny lobster. Stomatogastric ganglion. Synaptic contacts within a small region of nervous tissue. Shape of one nerve cell (in lobster stomatogastric ganglion). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Microtome for cutting ultrathin tissue sections

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Panulirus interruptus, the California spiny lobster

Stomatogastric ganglion

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Synaptic contacts within a small region of nervous tissue

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Shape of one nerve cell

(in lobster stomatogastric ganglion)

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Reconstructing cell shape from sections

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Drosophila melanogaster, the laboratory fruit fly

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Head

Thorax

Abdomen

the cardia in the fly digestive tract

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Elaboration of cardia structure, along the main line of fly evolution

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in cross section of fly nerve cord“Giant” nerve fibers ( * )

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Giant fibers conduct signals from antennae to flight muscles.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Muscina pascuorum

Minettia magna

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Fly species differ in their distributions of nerve-fiber diameter.

Tipulidae, Tipula bicornis Forbes Lauxaniidae, Minettia magna (Coquillett)

Tabanidae, Tabanus calens Linnaeus Syrphidae, Helophilus fasciatus Walker

Bombyliidae, Sparnopolius sp. Bombyliidae, Poecilanthrax sp.

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How can evolution adjust the properties of individual nerve cells?

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Charles Darwin Letter to T.H. Huxley 1859

One point which has greatly troubled me; . . . what the devil determines each particular variation? What makes a tuft of feathers come on a cocks head, or moss on a moss rose?

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