Deception 101 -- Primer on Deception - Federation of American
Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:
description
Transcript of Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:
![Page 1: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Situational and Psychological FactorsPredicting Deception and its Detection:
Implications for Non-Cognitive Assessment
Jeff Hancock
![Page 2: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
![Page 3: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
![Page 4: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
motivations
![Page 5: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
motivations
detection
![Page 6: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
any intentional control of information in a message to create a false belief in the receiver of the message
Deception Defined
1. Deception production
a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief which the communicator considers to be untrue
--Burgoon
--Vrij
![Page 7: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
![Page 8: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
![Page 9: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
1.75 lies identified in a 10 minute exchangeRange from 0 lies to 14 liesSelf-presentation goal (‘likeable’) increases deception
![Page 10: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
![Page 11: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• type message• rate deceptiveness of message• message and rating is sent to our corpus
Lie-M
![Page 12: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• type message• rate deceptiveness of message• message and rating is sent to our corpus
Lie-M
6% of all messageswere deceptive
![Page 13: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
![Page 14: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 15: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 16: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 17: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
Three ways to catch a liar
nonverbalphysiologicalverbal
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 18: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
Three ways to catch a liar
nonverbalphysiologicalverbal
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 19: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
Three ways to catch a liar
nonverbalphysiologicalverbal
DePaulo et al (2003) meta-analysis
• more tense• higher vocal pitch• fidgeting
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 20: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
“Electronic mail is a godsend. With e-mail we needn’t worry about so much as a quiver in our voice or a tremor in our pinkie when telling a lie. Email is a first rate deception-enabler.”
~Keyes (2004) The Post-Truth Era
Three ways to catch a liar
nonverbalphysiologicalverbal
DePaulo et al (2003) meta-analysis
• more tense• higher vocal pitch• fidgeting
eye gaze: unreliable
1. basic facts, examples, principles
![Page 21: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
How do different media affect lying and honesty?
![Page 22: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Nonverbal prediction
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
![Page 23: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Social Distance Theory
< < <
(DePaulo et al, 1996)
Social Distance
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 24: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Social Distance Theory(DePaulo et al, 1996)
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction Media Richness Theory
(Daft & Lengel, 1984; 1986)
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 25: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Social Distance Theory
Media Richness Theory
Richness > > >
(Daft & Lengel, 1984; 1986)
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 26: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Line 1
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Social Distance Theory
Media Richness Theory
Richness > > >
(Daft & Lengel, 1984; 1986)
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 27: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Line 1
SocialDistanceTheory
HIGH
LOW
Frequencyof Lies perInteraction
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Social Distance Theory
Social Distance
Media Richness Theory
Richness
![Page 28: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FtF Phone IM Email
Media Features
Synchronous X X n
Recordless X X n
Distributed X X X
Lying predictions
Feature-based 2 1 2 3
Media Richness 1 2 3 4
Social Distance 4 3 2 1
Feature Based Approach
![Page 29: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PDA-based journal
![Page 30: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Line 1
SocialDistanceTheory
Social Distance Theory
Media Richness Theory
% of Lies per Interaction
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 31: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Line 1
SocialDistanceTheory
Line 3
Social Distance Theory
Media Richness Theory
% of Lies per Interaction
27%
37%
21%
14%Data
FtF Phone EmailInstant
Message
Nonverbal prediction
![Page 32: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
DistributedSimultaneityRecordless
***
** n* * n
% of Lies per Interaction
FtF Phone EmailInstantMessage
27%
37%
21%
14%
Features Model
![Page 33: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
DistributedSimultaneityRecordless
***
** n* * n
% of Lies per Interaction
FtF Phone EmailInstantMessage
27%
37%
21%
14%
Features Model
![Page 34: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• more symptoms & undesirable behaviors reported (Griest, Klein & VanCura, 1973)•more sexual partners and symptoms reported (Robinson & West, 1992)• more honest, candid answers in pre-clinical psychiatric interviews (Ferriter, 1993)• 20% of telephone callers vs. 50% of email contacts report suicidal feelings (The Scotsman, 1999)
when interviewed by computer compared to face-to-face:
High levels of self-disclosure and honesty in text-based contexts
1. Deception production
![Page 35: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Visual Anonymity
Private Self-Awareness
Public Self-Awareness
Self-Disclosure
self-disclosure and honesty in mediated contexts
Joinson (2001)
1. Deception production
![Page 36: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
Why do people lie?
- Situational factors- Self-presentation goals
![Page 37: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
Why do people lie?
- Situational factors- Self-presentation goals
NOTMONOTLITHIC
![Page 38: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1. Deception production
How frequently does lying occur?
• retrospective identification• message-by-message identification• diary studies• ground truth based
Why do people lie?
- Situational factors- Self-presentation goals
NOTMONOTLITHIC
GOALTENSIONS
![Page 39: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Female Male
![Page 41: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Female Male
![Page 42: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
motivations
- self-presentation goals fundamental- self-presentation goals are tension-based- self-presentation goals can be primed
![Page 43: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
motivations
detection
![Page 44: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2. Detecting deception
![Page 45: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
acoustic profiles•Judee Burgoon’s group• pitch profile changes• large effects for energy and f0 features
2. Detecting deception
New, computer-assisted methods
![Page 46: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
acoustic profiles•Judee Burgoon’s group• pitch profile changes• large effects for energy and f0 features
facial features• micro-facial expressions (FACS), Mark Frank
2. Detecting deception
New, computer-assisted methods
![Page 47: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
acoustic profiles•Judee Burgoon’s group• pitch profile changes• large effects for energy and f0 features
facial features• micro-facial expressions (FACS), Mark Frank
linguistic footprints – text-based• fewer 1st person, more 3rd person references• fewer exclusive words• more negative emotion terms• changes in detail level
2. Detecting deception
New, computer-assisted methods
![Page 48: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Sender Receiver
“to not tell the truth,the whole truth, and nothing but the truth”on two topics.
Discuss 4 topics
“Maintain the conversation”
![Page 49: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Sender Receiver
“to not tell the truth,the whole truth, and nothing but the truth”on two topics.
Discuss 4 topics
“Maintain the conversation”
• transcripts were analyzed with Pennebaker’s Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program
• LIWC analyzes transcripts on a word-by-word basis and compares words against a dictionary of words divided into 74 psychologically relevant linguistic dimensions
![Page 50: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
Sender Receiver
Deception
Truth
Word Count
![Page 51: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
Sender Receiver
Deception
Truth
Word Count
28% increase
![Page 52: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sender Receiver
deceptiontruth
%words
1st person singular
![Page 53: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sender Receiver
deceptiontruth
%words
1st person singular
![Page 54: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
%words
deceptiontruth
2nd person1st person singular
![Page 55: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
2nd person 3rd person
%words
deceptiontruth
1st person singular
![Page 56: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
1st person singular 2nd person 3rd person
%words
deceptiontruth
Fewer 1st person singularMore 3rd person
![Page 57: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Psychological effect Language process NLP approach/tool
Distancing the speaker from the lie
Non-immediate language - reduced 1st person singular- increased use of passive voice- reduced transitivity- semantic roles (agent v. patient)
Syntactic parser and semantic role identifier
Increased levels of negative affect
Changes in affect terms- increased negative affect valence- attitude type- contextual disambiguation
Sentence- and phrase-level sentiment analysis
Attempt to convey a convincing story
Changes in detail level- noun phrase complexity- dependent/relative clausesChanges in evidentiality - subjective vs. factual presentation- changes in reporting verbs (e.g., saw, hear)
Syntactic parserSentence-level subjective/objective classifier; Reporting verb analyzer
Increased cognitive load Reduced coherenceReduced use of exclusive terms (e.g., never)
CohmetrixLIWC
Collaborative processes Linguistic style matchingQuestion – answer patternsSequential discourse analysis
Auto-correlationSequence prediction
![Page 58: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Keila & Skillicorn (2005)
![Page 59: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Keila & Skillicorn (2005)
More deceptive
![Page 60: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
• 105 subjects generating two email texts each• Each completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire:
– Extraversion: outgoing - shy– Neuroticism: worrying - relaxed– Psychoticism: toughminded - sympathetic– Lie Scale - measures social desirabity
• Each then composed two emails:– “To a good friend whom they hadn’t seen for quite some time”– One concerned past activities over the previous week– The other concerned planned activities over the next week.
• Each message took around 10 minutes to compose and submit by HTML form.
• The resulting 210 texts contain 65,000 words.
![Page 61: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• Texts split by level of Social Desirability– measured by EPQ-R Lie Scale– Split scores by greater +/- 1 Std Dev of mean
• Resulted in two groups– High SDR Authors (N=21)– Low SDR Authors (N=22)
• Corpus comparison of these two groups using Wmatrix software (Rayson 2003, 2005; cf. Oberlander & Gill, 2006)– Identified features significantly over-used or under-used
by each group (using log-likelihood)– All features reported p<0.001
![Page 62: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• Hi SDR scorers over-used:– You– ‘Personal names’
• (Richard, Kathy, London)
– words related to ‘Business: Selling’• (shopping, buy, sales, bought)
• Low SDR scorers over-used:– ‘Mental object: Means, method’ words
• (way, system, method, tactical, pattern, set-up)
![Page 63: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Some questions about faking
1. Can people fake when instructed?2. What is prevalence of faking?3. What is the nature of faking?4. Can faking be prevented or reduced?5. Can faking be detected?6. Can people avoid detection?
Deception Research
production
motivations
detection
![Page 64: Situational and Psychological Factors Predicting Deception and its Detection:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56815959550346895dc6958f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Situational and Psychological FactorsPredicting Deception and its Detection:
Implications for Non-Cognitive Assessment
Jeff Hancock