Situation at the moment - COFORD - · PDF filewillow herb by late application Pendimethalin...
Transcript of Situation at the moment - COFORD - · PDF filewillow herb by late application Pendimethalin...
Developements in the nursery sector in relation to chemical usage in Europe with particular reference to Germany
Dr. Heinrich Lösing, Wisch 7, D-21635 Jork, GermanyEmail: dr.loesing @t-online.de
Situation at the moment
• Gramoxone lost registration all over Europe, it may come back
• Future of soil fumigation is unsure
• Simazin and Lenacil loosing registration, Lenacil may come back
• Future of Goal is unsure
Soil fumigation, nematode control
Chemical Product Rate/ha Details
Dazomet, 970g/kg Basamid 250-500 kg
Metam-Sodium, 510 g/l Sistan, Vapam 300-600 l
Application only above 6-8°C soil temperature
• Fumigation also control nematodes and replant problems
• Do not treat dry soil
• Irrigation, covering with plastic or compaction of the soil after incorporation into the soil is important
• Bio-Fumigation is not the answer in nothern Europe.Some effect can be obtained with cover crops like Marygold
Pratylenchus-nematodes causing damage in many crops besides roses
Infested roots
Healthy root
New product: Nemathorin 10 G, Active ingrediant: Fosthiazate 100 g/kgApplication: Before planting or sowing only
Nemathorin 10 G – Results
Effect of Nemathorin 10 G on plant growth after the first vegetation periode (2006)
Control 30 kg/ha 60 kg/ha 120 kg/ha
Nemathorin 10 G, A.i: Fosthiazate 100 g/kg
Wintertreatment in transplanted nursery stock
During the winter season weeds like chickweed or annual grass are still growing, even under low temperature. Most of them are easy to control with:
Chemical Product Rate/ha DetailsGlyphosat, 360 g/l
Roundup 1,5-3 l Possible on some crops during winter-season with low rate, without adding anything else as top dressing
Paraquat, 100g/l
Gramoxone 3-6 l Possible on some decidious crops during the winter, not possible on „green bark“ species
Propyzamid, 50%
Kerb 50 W 1-5 kg Against grass and some other dicotyle weeds
Simazin, 500 g/l
Gesatop 50 1-3 l Many weeds are resistent, like common groundsel
Diquat (Reglone) could be a replacement for Gramoxone, not against gras-weed
Spring treatment in transplanted nursery stock, before flushing
Chemical Product Rate/ha DetailsChlortoluron,700 g/l
Dicuran 700 3 l Does not control Viola arvensis, good in control of groundsel, not in Abies
Diuron, 80% Karmex 2-3 kg Does not control Plantago, good in control of groundsel, not in Abies
Isoxaben,125 g/l
Galery 125Flexidor 125
2-4 l Does not control willow herb and grasses
Lenacil,80%
Venzar 1-2 kg Top-dressing without irrigation possible in summer, pure in groundsel
Linuron,47,5%
Afalon, Linuron
2-4 kg Strong in control of groundsel, not selective in Abies
Metazachlor,500 g/l
Butisan 1,5-3 l Not selective in Pinus, good against willow herb by late application
Pendimethalin400g/l
Stomp SC 3-5 l Selective in Larix, pure control of groundsel
Simazin, 50% Gesatop 50 1-3kg Problems with resistent weeds ,like groundsel
New herbicides for the future, without registration in Ireland:
Flazasulfuron Katana 25 WG, Chikara (ISK)
Flufenacet Firebird Diflufenican +Flufenacet+ Metosulam Terano (Bayer))
Foramsulfuron + Iodosulfuron MaisTer (Bayer)
Metosulam Tacco (Bayer)
Already with registration in Ireland, some not in nursery crops
Isoproturon Arelon liquid
Flumioxazin Sumimax
Terbuthylazine + Terbuthrin Opogard 500
Effect of different soil-active herbicides, spring treatment
Untreated
Arelon liquid 3 l/ha
Herold 0,5 kg/ha
Herbaflex 2 l/ha
Sumimax 0,6 kg/ha
Katana, Chikara 0,1 kg/ha
Terano+ Stomp 1 kg + 3 l/ha
0 10 20 30 40 50
Total weed coverage in %
Note: Results of 6 trials in 4 replications, Application in spring before flushing
Herbicide effect against established weeds in A. nordmannSpring treatment in April before flushing
Untreated
Shark, 1 l/ha
Basagran, 2 l/ha
Biathlon,70 g/ha
Lentagran WP, 2 kg/ha
Callisto, 1,5 l/ha
Mikado, 1,5 l/ha
Roundup 1,5 l/ha
MaisTer+Mero, 75 g +1 l/ha
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Total weed coverage in %
Treatment 4. April 2005, Results 31. May 2005
P11/2005, Krohn
Spring treatment in A. nordmanniana
Untreated control MaisTer 75 g/ha + Mero 1 l/ha
• MaisTer does not control Viola and Geranium
• „It is like Roundup with 3-4 month lasting effect“
Berberis thunbergii treated during flushing in spring
Untreated Terano powder Terano liquid
MaisTer powder MaisTer liquid
Sumimax Chikara, Katana
Annual meadow grass (a)• Growing nearly 12 month a year• Many grass products only get the
small stages, besides Gallant solo• Kerb 50 does give very good
results, even in summer when watering follows application
• MaisTer, new product, very good
Source: Different stages of annual meadow grass, Koch, Hurle 1978
Sumimax – a new product in nursery production
• Chemical: Flumiaxazin
• Soil and contact activity
> application before or after flushing, or interrow only
• Including moos control and most other grass and generell weeds
• Recomandation for experiments in the nursery
• Conifer seedbeds in winter first year: 150-250 g/ha
• Conifer transplanted: 400-500 g/ha
• Never use the recomanded rate of 1200 g/ha
Agropyron repens (Common Couch)Chemical Product Rate/ha
Cycloxydim, 100 g/l Stratus Ultra, Focus
3-5 l, top dressing in some crops
Propaquizafop, 100 g/I Falcon, Agil 1,25 l, top dressing in some cropsPropyzamid500 g/kg
Kerb 50 W > 2,5 kg, application during cold season
Quizalofop, 50 g/l Co-Pilot, Targa 2 l, top dressing in some crops
Fluazifop-p-butyl, 200g/l Fusilade Max 3-4 l, top dressing in some cropsGlyphosate, 360 g/l Roundup 2-3 l, careful interrow appli-
cation, better before plantingHaloxyfop, 10,75% Gallant solo 2 l, top dressing in some crops
• Weed should have 10-15 cm in size at time of application, longer lasting effect is obtained only with Glyphosat.
• Control of annual meadow grass (Poa annua) with special grass product is only possible in very early stage or with Gallant solo on none resistent areas.
• Clethodim and Tepraloxydim (Aramo) not yet available
Interrow-weed control during the summer
Chemical Product Rate/ha Details
Glufosinat, 183g/l Finale, Basta 5-7,5 lGlyphosat, 360 g/l Roundup 3-5 lGlyphosat-trimesium, 480 g/l
Touchdown 3-5 l
Paraquat, 100g/l Gramoxone 3-5 l Alternativ Reglone, no gras control
Use very careful
with low pressure
• combination with soil active herbicid (add about half rate) can bevery helpful.
• Roundup and Touchdown may be taken up by roots, with Finale, Basta, Reglone no root uptake
• sensitive crops like seedbeets in a early stage can be treated with Pyridate (Lentagran WP),
• Reglone (no grass control) is one alternativ for Gramoxone
New chemicals for Powdery mildew and other fungi:
Boscalid (BASF) solo or with Partner
Boscalid solo = Cantus
Boscalid + Kresoxim-methyl = Collis
Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin (F500) = Signum
Future in controlling fungi like Powdery mildew
• New chemicals from the Strobi-group are coming
• New products often are a combination from „Strobi“- and„azol“-group to get positive reaction from both:
Examples from farm crops in Ireland:
Kresoxim-methyl + Epoxiconazole = Allegro
Pyraclostrobin + Epoxiconazole = Opera
Trifloxystrobin + Cyproconazole = Sphere
Experience for horticulture products is limited so far
Control of woolly and other aphids
• Many chemicals do not control Woolly aphids anymore
• Especially on Fagus it is a problem with resistance
• New chemicals like Actara, Mospilan, Calypso, Gazellebelonging to the „Admire“ family. The resistance problem will continue
• Additives like Break-Thru only give slight improvement
Woollly aphid on Fagus
24
Comparission of chemicals against Wolly aphid
Control of Woolly aphid on Fagus with different products
1
2
3
4
5
Untreated Actara, Azetamiprid 0,008%
Admire, Imidacloprid 0,03%
Trial chemical 0,02%
Plenum, Pymetrozin 0,12%
Boniturnote
before treatm. after 1 day after 3 days after 6 daysafter 12 days after 19 says after 30 days
Untreated Gazelle Admire Dantop PlenumAcetamiprid Imidacloprid Clothianidin Pymetrozine
25Annual report VuB, Ellerhoop, German 2003
Comparission of chemicals against Wolly aphid
Control of Wooly aphid on Fagus
1
2
3
4
5
Kontrolle Versuchs- mittel 0,02
Confidor 0,03
Plenum 0,01 +ProNet 0,2
Plenum 0,01 +ProFi. 0,15
Mospilan 0,025
Calypso 0,01
Bayth. 0,05 +ProNet.0,2
Boniturnote
vor der Behandlung
nach 1 Tag
nach 7 Tagen
Insektizid - Konzentration %
Dantop Admire Plenum Plenum Gazelle Calypso
Annual report VuB, 2002
Comparission of chemicals against Wolly aphid
Wirkung von Insektiziden gegen die Buchenblatt-Baumlaus
1
2
3
4
5
Kontrolle Dant.+Netz.je 0,015 %
Dantop0,015 %
Confidor0,015 %
Teppeki0,032 %
Versuchs-mittel
Teppeki0,016 %
Präparat
Befallsgrad
3 Tage nach Behandlung10 Tage nach Behandlung
P1/2006
Untreated Dantop + Dantop Admire Teppeki Teppeki
Gall midge (Dasyneura sp.) on Fagus and Quercus
• Admire*, Actara*, Calypso, Gazelle (= Mospilan) do not control the gall midge
• Extra treatments with Karate Zeon (lambda-Cyhalothrin) or Reldan 22 (Chlorpyriphos-methyl) are neccessary
* No registration in Ireland yet
Gall mites (Eriophyes and others)
- Do not produce a gall
- Very, very small
- Mainly on Carpinis, Fraxinus and sometimes Quercus and other ornamentals
- Sulphur is giving some control, especiallyon oak to control powdery mildew
Damage on F. excelsior
Contol of spider mites and gall mitesEffective againstProduct Chemical Group of
resistenceConcentration
eggs larvae adultsApollo Clofentezin B 0,24-0,48 l/ha x (x)
Envidor, Oberon
Spirodiclofen F 0,2-0,4 l/ha X X
Kanemite Azequinocyl G 1,25-2,5 l/ha X X
Kiron Fenproximat E 0,9-1,5 l/ha X X
Magister Fenazaquin E 0,15 ml/qm (X) X X
Masai Tebufenpyrad
E 0,3-0,6 kg/ha (X) X X
Milbeknock Milbemectin D 0,625-1 l/ha X X
Ordoval Hexythiazox E 0,25-0,5 kg/ha (X) X (X)
Vertimec, Dynamec
Abamectin D 0,6-1,2 l/ha X X
Conclusions 1
- new products always take very long (too long) to get registration
- nursery crops do not have enough acerage to be interesting for chemical companies all over Europe
- always check possibilities with already registered products from othercrops
- off lable use is a very important instrument for the future
- most problems with herbicides at the moment
Conclusions 2
New products with possibilities in forest nurseries
1. Herbicides
Flumioxazin, Flazasulfuron, Flufenacet, Foramsulfuron
2. Fungicides
Boscalid in combinations
3. Insecticides
Acetamiprid, Flonicamid (Teppeki)
Disclaimer:
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this presentation is complete and correct at this time.
The author does not accept liability for any error or ommission in the content, or for any loss, damage or other accident arising from the use of products listed above. Omission of a product does not necessarily mean that it is not approved and available to use.
It is essential to follow the instruction on the approved label before handling, storing or using any crop protection product.
Always start on a small scale with new products !