Situation Analysis of IP in Detention - A Baseline Study

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Situation nalysis tIndigenous eoplesin Detention:A Baseline tudy

Free he ndigenous eoplesLegalAssrs anceProg am

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AcknowledgmentI wish to thank the following nstitutions and people or the

wholeheartedupport n making this studyand ts publication reality:The World BankDevelopmentnnovationMarketplace Panibagong

Paraan, nd theAssisiDevelopment oundation,nc., or thegenerous upportextendedn fundingandmaking his project ossible.

The field coordinators amely,RobertoAlmonte,GeorginaAriosa-LopeAgnesFaridaS. Bagaforo,CorazonM. Baylon,AngeloRuelBelen,RaymundCagape,ennelyn .Clarito,RommelDascil,AlexisG.de Manuel,Federico . deTorre, r. , eticiaC.Doctolera,eanyline . Megrino,GarryB. Pag-ilagan, annyParonda, lmaB. Rafil,CarlCeasar ebuta,EugemioC.Remigio,Mai M.Taqueban, nd LucenoN. Villagonzalo,or their untiring and selflesscontributionJohe research nd datagathering.

Ms. ReginaLapid-fuan,my formerProgramCoordinator, atutuboDesfor her nvaluable ssistance nd or stayingwith me hroughout hecompletiof theproject.

Mr .NormanM. Lapid or his rigor n creating hegraphsandprovidingthe statisticalnterpretations f the study.

My AteneoHumanRightsCenter olleagues,nd Ms. Christianne racE Salonga,my currentAdministrativeAssistant,KatutuboDesk, or theirtechnicalsupportand heartwarmingencouragement.

tudy2006. Center.

971-8899-14-6by: Rights Center.SchoolFAteneoProfessional choolsDrive.

City, Philippines02)899-4342or899-7691 oc.210ey partof this publicationror non-commercialwith appropriate

of this publicationjoint effort ofGrace F. Salonga,Rights Center andQ. Pavia,

Sedfrey M. CandelariaDIRncronKatutuboDesk


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Tableof Contents

Foreword yAmb. HowardQ. Dee viForeword y Benjamin .Abadiano viiForewordbyCarlosP.Medina,Jr. . . . . . . . . . v i i i

Introduction 1The ndigenous eoples'Quest orJustice 3PhilippinesAl l egions) 8Regionl l locos. , . . . . . .25Region l Cagayan alleyRegionfVSouthernTagalog. . . . . . . .41Regionvl-Vl l l Visayas. . . . .49RegionlX'Zamboanga.. . . .57RegionXNorthernMindanao .. . . . .65

.RegionXlSouthernMindanao . . . . .73RegionXl lCentral indanao .. . . . . 81

RegionXl l lCARAGA.. . . . .89


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FieldCoordinatorsaaa.

RobertoAlmonte, GeorginaAriosa-Lopez,Agnes FaridaS. Bagaforo, CorazonM.Baylon,Angelo Ruel Belen,RaymundCagape, ennelynG. Clarito,RommelDascil,Alexis G. de Manuel,FedericoB. dela Torre,Jr., LeticiaG. Doctolera, eanylineE.Megrifio,Garry B. Pag-ilagano anny Paronda,Elma B. Rafil ,Carl GeasarRebuta,EugemioC. Remigio,Mai M. Taqueban, ucenoN.Vi l lagonzalo


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ForewordIndigenousPeoples IPs) acenumerousconcerns s they work to secure or themselves nd their

communitiesa developmenthat is authentic,appropriate, nd sustainable. heir efforts haveyieldedmuchfruit, especially n the areasof education,health, communitywelfare,and livelihood.But oneimportant development reawhich the IPs hemselves, longwith their development artners,haveinadequately ddressedhroughthe years s legalsecurity.

Throughour interactionsand partnershipwith the IPs and their communities,we have come oidentiff the common egalcases hat beset hem n their search or development,ustice,and peace.These ases reusually related o ancestraldomain ssuesandviolations of human rights through llegalor prolonged etention; hey areoftencompounded y the IPs' gnorance f non-indigenousaws andtheir lack of accesso legalservices.

It was thereforea welcomedevelopmenthat the Katutubo Deskof theAteneoHuman RightsCenter AHRC) nd the AteneoLegal ServicesCenter ALSC) ame nto partnershipwith Assisi throughthe "Free he IPs"Program to provide egalassistanceo the IPs.Right at the onset, t was recognizedthat awareness uilding among Ps and concerned artiesshouldbe prioritizedand that anunderstanding f the realities elated o IPs egalcases hould be first gained.This necessitatedheproductionof this presentpublication.

Severalmonths of research,writing, and editing havegone nto the productionof this document.All theseefforts have beendirected o the singular aim of providingan information base hat can helpsupport he implementationof all the activitiesunder he program.

But this publicationalsoprovides or the IPsa fuller pictureof the egaluniverseof which theyarea part.As such, t may be seenas an importantcomponentn their on-goingeducationand in ourwork of assisting hem towardsempowerment nd development. ltimately, his publication s a part ofthe sameeffort to equip he IPswith the necessary kills that will enable hem to pursue heir owndevelopment venon the legal ront. ,4/1fr

/Benjamin D. AbadianoPRnsroEllrAssisiDevelopment oundation,nc .

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- . F :

Foreword

TheAteneoHuman Rights Center,ogetherwith the Assisi Development oundation, nc., sproud o publishthis work entitled,"situation Analys is of IndigenousPeoplesn Detention:A BaselineStudy."This publication s part of a package f activitiesaimedat addressinghe legal securityneedsofindigenouspeoples IPs) n the Philippines hrough the provisionof legal assistance.

IPs n the Philippines,particularly those iving in marginalized areasand in placesaffectedbyarmedconflict, suffer rom various formsof violations of their human rights. Regrettably,many of theseviolations go unpunishedand attemptsof IPs hemselveso seek usticehave oftentimesnot only beenfutile but have ed to further violations of their rights. Indeed, or many IPs, ustice s just a dream.

This situation of absence f justice s large ly due to their lack of accesso justice n general.Among he major reasons or this inaccessibility f justice o IPsare the following: povert/, oopholes nthe formal usticesystem, gnorance f IPsof national aws, remedies, ystemsand procedures, ndinadequateegalassistance. ny holistic attemptat addressing he problemmust consider hese actors.

Thispublication s an initial step n this direction.The aim is to provide egal assistanceo IPs,and ultimately to helpempower Ps hrough the use of the law as an instrument. n rendering egalassistanceo IPs, he AteneoHumanRights Center hall beguidedby the concept f "alternativelawyering,"which recognizeshe important role that the marginalized roupsplay in any usticeadvocary.

Legalassistances not only an internationalhuman right. It is also a constitutionalmandate.May this publicationhelp concerned ivil societygroupsand governmentnstitutionspromote his rightof IPsand respond o the mandate.

G"ePryCarlosP.Medina, r.zExncurrwDnrcronAteneoHuman Rights Centerviii Free the lndigenous Peoples LegalAssistance Program


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lntroductionTh. fr.. the ndigenous eoplesegalAssistance rograms a component f the HumanSecurity ramework-- r he AssisiDevelopment oundation,nc.,with the goal of empoweringP communitieso pursue heir;Lrltural ntegrityand human security.

An immediate oncern f theerogram s the dentificationof IPs n detentionwho havebeenchargedrn relation o issuesaffecting heir right to self-determination,laimoverancestral omain,discriminationandorher elated ightsunder he ndigenous eoples' ightsAct of 1997 including iolationsof fundamentalguarantees f the accused nder the '1.987Constitution.Wheneverappropriate,he Programwill extendspecialattention o highly vulnerabledetainees, uchas, women,childrenand the elderly.

Thegoalsof the Programare as follows:To establisha baselinedataand a situationanalysisof IndigenousPeoplesn detention.To createa sustainable etwork of concerned gencies ll over he country hroughwhich legalassistanceo Indigenous eoples ay be madeaccessible,ven'to he most emote ribes.As part of the Program,a training for field coordinatorsast 17-19May2OO4 t the PearlManila Hotel

rvasheld or seventeen17) fieldcoordinatorsrom differentareasaround he country.Theywereequippedwiththe skills, knowledgeand materialsneeded n undertaking he researchor the baselinestudy.

The data gathered hroughout he year were consolidated y the Ateneo Human Rights Center-Itatutubo Desk(AHRC) s he nationalheadquarters f theprogram.The esult of this exercises a baselinedata of indigenouspeoplesn detention.

Several onditionsof IPs n detentionwere dentified,such as: the poorconditionsof the ails, thelack of legal assistance, nd the difficultiesduring trial with constantpostponement f hearings.Severalcaseswere also dentifiedwherein alse chargesweremadeon the tribal peopleso discouragehem fromassertingheir rights to their ancestraldomain and under he IndigenousPeoples'RightsAct. Moreneedsare being dentifiedas further analysisof the data s beingmade.

A networkofconcernedagencies as beenestablished articularly n certainareas,suchaspalawanand SouthCotabatowherepriority caseswere dentifiedand ocalpartnerswere engagedto give egal assistanceo the accused, nd humanitarian assistance ad beenprovided or thefamilies.Thesepartnershave taken it upon themselveso make sure that the casesmove orward in court, and Assisi DevelopmentFoundation, Inc., (ADF) committedsome unding for their legal counseland otherexpenses.

On 7 g January2OO5 all the field coordinatorswere onceagainconvenedor anEvaluation and Reporting Seminar n DavaoCity.The Field Coordinators ere able oreporton their findingsand personalexperiencesn the courseof their research.

a.b.

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f'*The FteldCoordinatorsexperiencedmany difficulties in trying to gather the documentspertaining

to the casesof IPs n detention.They went through great engthsto travel to many provincial and municipaljails and wade through governmentbureaucracy ust to obtain these documents.But most governmentagencieswereonly too willing to accepthelp for the detained ps.

c.

The mpactof this projectmaybe appreciated n severalevels:IPs in detention: thosewho were interviewedwereable to relate their storiesand somepriorifycases avebeengiven mmediateattentionby ADF and the localpartners.TheField Coordinators:during the Evaluation and ReportingSeminar,severalexpressed hattheir learninghas ed to a morepersonalconcern or the IPs hey had interviewedand someevencommitted o extend heir work asvolunteers o assist hose hat are n jail. Theywere evenwilling to involve their own organizations n the network that will eventually make egalassistanceo IPs eadilyavailable.TheLocal Partners. in someareas, ocal partners,such as NGOs,Churchorganizations, awyersand evengovernmentnstitutionshavebeenconvenedo form workinggroups o help the Ips nneedof legalassistancen their areas.Theyare the ones acilitating the progress f the identifiedpriority cases.Governmentnstitutions: during the courseof the research,governmentagenciesconcernedweremadeawareof the specialsituationand needsof lps in detention.More han their personaldifficulties n obtainingdocuments nd nterviews, he field coordinatorsrecounted t length the hardships hat the ndigenouspersonshemselves regoingthrough n their situation.

Most of them said hat althoughmostof the IPs n jail have egalcounsels ssigned y the court, manyofthemdo not know their own lawyers,are not awareof any strate$/ for their defense, o not hold copiesoftheir own egaldocuments r records f notices,and only see heir lawyersat court hearings.Many of themcannot eador write, and a someevenadmitted o signing or thumb marking documentswithout knowingwhat waswritten on thosepapers.The Ps eeluncomfortable r intimidated n court,especially hosewhodo not understand he language. nterpreterswere not provided or them.

Thepublicattorneysareoverworked, andlinghundredsof caseseach,aside rom Ip cases.Courtproceedingsre oftendelayed, speciallyn areaswhere herearevery fewjudges.Someareasdo not evenhave their own regular udge.Also, moreoften than not, the legal counselsare not membersof tribes sotheycannotcommunicate ffectivelywith their Ip clients.

Some ield coordinatorsnotedthat the IPs hey intervieweddid not experience iscriminationorcruelty from the non-IPdetaineesor their wardens.However,most of them do not get visited by theirrelarivesand tribesbecause f the expenset would take for themto travel ong distances.Given he longdel,alsand no clearunderstandingof their situation, somehave ost hope hat they will everbe freeandrish to simply pleadguilry for crimesthey did not commit.

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The ndigenous eoples'Quest or Justice.I. TsE r.rorcnNousurruRRr-omuuuruEsIuprcnNous ropr-EsA. Philippine context

ThePhilippinearchipelagos home o an IP populationof no ess han 12 million persons omprisingaround 17 o/oof the total Filipinopopulationbelonging o 110 tribesor ethno-linguisticgroups.lThe Psarefound in at least 6l oltl of 78 provincesnationwide. Roughly 600/o f them live in the southern slandMindanao,a third of the main sland Luzon n the north, and the rest scattered ver he other slandsof thearchipelago.2t is the only Asian country to have officially adopted he term "indigenouspeoples,"andrecognizedheir rights as such.The numerous ndigenouspeoples etaining their traditions and valuesfrom long beforeEuropean olonization,contribute o the strong cultural identiry and uniqueness f thePhilippinenation.B. Definition

ThePhilippine ndigenousPeoples ightsAct of 7997,or morepopularly eferred o as PRA,definesindigenouscommunitiesor peoplesas agroup o;f eopleor homogenous ocietiesdent!fiedby self-ascriptionand ascriptionby others,who have continuously ived as organized ommunityon communallyboundedanddefined erritory and who haveother claimsof ownershipsince ime immemorial,occupied, ossessedand wilized such erritories,sharingcommonbondsof language, ustoms, raditionsand otherdistinctivecultural traits, or who have, through resistance o political, social,and cultural inroads of colonization,non-indigenousreligions and cultures, becamehistoricaUJdffirentiatedjrom the mqjori\t oJFilipinos.

ICC1IPShall, ikewise, ncludepeopleswho areregarded s ndigenouson accountof their descentfrom the populationswhich inhabited he country at the time of conquest r colonization, r at the time ofinroadsof non-indigenouseligionsandcultures,or the establishment f thepresent tateboundaries,whoretain someor all of their own social,economic, ultural and political nstitutions,but who may havebeendisplaced rom their traditional domainsor who may haveresettledoutside heir ancestral omains.3II. PI,IcHr oF THE NoIcENous PEopI,EsA. Philippine context: The Stavenhagen ReportIn the Philippines, he IP ownershipof and access o their ancestraldomainsand the resourcestherein s at the heart of every hreatto their securifyand development. he United NationsSpecialRapporteur

This is an excerpt rom a paperdeliveredby Merlie B. Mendoza,ExecutiveCoordinator,Assisi Foundation/IabangMindanawat the UNDPAsia Pacific Rights and JusticeNefwork RegionalWorkshopheld at Triton Hotel, Ahungalla, Sri Lanka onNovember 9-27,2oo3.NationalCommission n IndigenousPeoplesNCIP) rimeron Mindanao 2OO3),3.DianaVinding, ed.The.IndigenousWorld 2OO2-2OO3),33 .RepublicAct No. 8371 section3. The ndigenousPeoples ightsAct.

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on Human Rights and Freedoms,Dr. RodolfoStavenhagen,n his visit to the Philippines rom 2-10December OO2, eports hat the IPs n the Philippinessufferserious uman rightsviolationsdue o economicactivities,suchas, arge-scaleogging,openpit mining,multi-purpose ams, agribusiness lantations,an dotherdevelopmentalrojects.Many communitiesesistbeing forcedor pressurednto development rojectswhich destroy heir traditional economy, ommunity structures,and cultural values, a process hat hasbeen aptly described s "development ggression."Suchresistance, owever,ed to many IPs' arbitrarydetention,persecution, illings of community eaders, oercion, orture, demolitionof houses,destructionof properry, ape,and recruitmentby the armed orces, oth government r the rebelside.He also cited he"militarization of a number of indigenousareas, .. and reportsof indigenouspeoplebeing accused ndprosecuted f terrorist activirysimplybecause f their involvement n legitimateprotestor the defense ftheir rights.Human ightsdefense rganizations avealsobeenharassed,n violation of national egislationand international human rights law." Even f theseallegationsare documented nd substantiated,hevictims claim "they do not receive ueprocess nd ustice n the courtsor the relevantgovernment gencieswhen they file their complaintsabout such alleged iolations."4

Dr.Stavenhageneported he sadsituation ashe saw t by stating,"But for a ongtime,mainstreamPhilippinesociety gnored ts indigenouscomponent nd did little to improve he standardsof living of itsindigenouscultural communities or to overcome he high rates of poverty and low levels of humandevelopment as definedby the United Nations),which characterizedhesepopulations... he indigenouspeoples avebeen argelyexcluded, iscriminatedagainstand marginalized."Dr.Stavenhagen forthrightnesscaused is report o be rejected y the Philippinegovernment n the basisof the refusal hat thereare suchhuman rights violations n our country, n this day and age.

The Officeof the Presidential dviseron IndigenousPeoples ffairs (OPAIPA),n interim bodycreated y the Officeof the Presidentn 2OOl, o selectnew IPCommissionersor the NationalCommission n IPs,considers t as "the new waveof oppression nd aggression, ith colonization,andlargescale ogging hat denude 95"/" f the Philippine orestas the first and secondwave of oppressions,respectively, hich is characterized.byhe forcibleevictionof IP communities rom their lands with theuseof armedgoons."5B. The Mantimo Murder Case

Oneof the specific ases f this third wave of oppression nd aggressions the caseof a Manobo Pfamily, n Sitio Payong-Payong,arangayRenibon,PigcawayanMunicipality n North Cotabato.Renibons

RodolfoStavenhagen,UN SpecialRapporteur n the SituationofHuman Rightsand Fundamental reedoms flndigenousPeople, ElCN.4/2oos90/Add.3.Officeof the Presidential dviserof IndigenousPeoples ffairs, Republic f the Philippines, eginninga New Covenantwiththe Indigenous Peoples olfthe Philippines: Challenges, Threats and Opportunities, 3-4.

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comprisedof 99Yo anobo and lo/o isayan settlers who had engaged n intermarriage with Manobo women.Their sourceof livelihood s basicallyupland farmingwith commonproductssuchas corn, ice, oot crops,coffee, egetables nd fruits. Theplace s also rich in mineral resources uch asgold and copper. he abalDevelopment iningCompany ad spotted hearea or exploration,which ncludesSitioAuxilliary,BarangayPayong-payong ith a total areaof 5,l84hectares . When he tribal leadersand the peopleheard about heproposed ntryof mining n their area, hey eacted ehemently gainstmining exploration nd ts operationbecause f its ill effects o their livelihood,health and environment,and culture.

On 11 May 7997, le childrenof the Catahum amily,Christiansettlers,werebrutally murdered yunidentifiedkillers usinga bolo and othersharp nstruments nside heirhouse n SitioAuxilliary Barangay.Payong-payong. he incident happened n broad daylight while their parentswere in the market place.Manuel Catahum,a Christiansettler and the father of the victims, thought that the Manoboscould havedone t sincea letter was found near heir place, hough he could not identiry/ ny particular person.

' Therewere multiple opinionsas to the causeof the crime. Some elate t to Manobocult practiceswhile anotherstory abounds hat the and occupied y ManuelCatahum s ownedby a Muslim who at onetime cameover o collecton the value of the land to which Catahum efused o pay.On 9 fune 1998,morethan a year after he crime,a localcouncilorbrought hreemento the ocalofficeof the NationalBureauofInvestigation o shed ight on the case,and namedSonerMantimo,PawadMantimo,DomingoMantimo andLeopoldoMantimo, all membersof theAromanon- Manobo Tribe, as suspects f the crime. t should benoted that Soner(the father of Pawadand Domingo) s also one of the most vocal against the entry ofmining in Renibon.They consider hemselves s merely "fall guys" and also because he councilor ustwanted hem o leave heirplacebasedon a etter written by the Mayor due o the rumoredpresence f goldandpreciousmetaldeposits t their placen Dakupila.Two months ater, he hreewho named he Mantimosas suspects etracted heir fabricatedstatement hat they were forced o make. The Councilor hreatenedtheir lives. A local lawyer,Littie Agdeppa, epresentedhe Mantimos.The Carmelites f Charity-VerdrunaSisters,who managea school or the IPs n the community closelymonitored he caseand assisted heMantimos.For heir efforts, hey also sufferedharassment.

TheMantimosweredetained n 24 November 998,at the Provincial ail on multiplemurdercharges.This happened nly af ter they were forced o appearbefore he ProvincialGovernor. rom the Governor'soffice, heywerehauledstraight o jail.Evenas heywere n jail, their familiescontinued o receive umerousthreats.At times, he local councilorwould cause he panicamong he residents hroughgunfire.

Therewerealso alleged hreatson the ife of BarangayChairmanTimuayTomanggong, ne of thosewho vouched or the nnocence f the Mantimos'andpointedat the counciloras he culprit.Mr.Tomanggongrequestedhe NCIPRegionalDirectorWoy Lim Wong o conductan investigationover he seriesof incidentsin Renibon,which includes he massacre f the Catahum amily, he deathof a certainRyanManalo and hemassacre f four men n Sitio Dacupila.Thevictims of thelatter wererelativesof the Mantimos.

Formore han four years, he Mantimos were behind bars for a crime that they nevercommitted.Thewheelsof justice urned everso slowly for this peace-loving eople.TheelderSonerbecamell with hisdeteriorating idneywhile the othershad developeduberculosis n the congestedail.

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Mr. ErnestoDapatnapo,Jr.,an investigator rom the Commission n HumanRights even ssueMemorandumon 20 September OOO,ertifying he Mantimos' nnocence.Since anuary 2OOl,no hearof the casewasconducted ecauseheJudge ad received eath hreats. t was only on 28 Septemb r 200that the first hearingof the casewas scheduledwhen it was assignedo an acting judge.Supportof the Mantimoswas given by CotabatoArchbishopOrlando B. euevedo,oMI and tSocialAction Center IndigenousPeoplesDesk,KidapawanBishopRomuloG. Valles,DD, and its Trib

Filipino Program, he National Commission n IndigenousPeople NCIP)National office, and the AssDevelopment oundation TabangMindanaw.Finally,on the 14th f Febru ry ZOO1,the idsayapRegioTrial Court n Cotabatossueda NOTGUIHYverdict. t was, ndeed,a very specialValentine'sDay for tMantimosand for everyone lsewho journeyedwith them.III Tnz Fnnn rHE Ps Pnocnztyf

As a concreteesponseo the President's al l for social usticeand the concrete pplicationof IpROPAIPAaunched theFree he IPs Program (FIP) in 2OOIby initiating an invenrory of Ips in jail. Currenthe Assisi Development oundation,nc., and the AteneoHuman RightsCenter AHRC) re spearheadthis programwith the supportof government genciesor the promotionof human rightsof the Ips and tprovision of legal assistanceor IP prisonerswho havebeenunjustly incarcerated. he our categories f casunder he FIPare:

1 caseswhereincharges avebeen iled againstmembers f IPcommunitiesn relation o the assertby their membersof their right to self-determination, ncestraldomain,non-discriminationanother related ightsunderthe IpRA;2. caseswherein here are dentifiableviolationsof the rights of the accused nder the Constituti(e.g. ight to counsel,bail, speedyrial, custodial ights, etc);caseswhich may havearisen n relation to internal or inter-tribaldisputes,strife or conflict, awhichmay beaddressedy alternativemodesof dispute esolutionusing ndigenoususticesysteof the IP community nvolved;andcases unishableby death;Coordinationwith the Regional/Provincial fficesof the NCIB he Offiof the CourtAdministrator OCA),Regionalofficesof the Commission n HumanRights(CHR),hDepartment f Justice DO]),he Department f InteriorandLocalGovernmentDILG),he philippiNational Police PNP), he Bureauof Jail Managementand Penologr(BIMP), he DepartmentNational DefenseDND),and non-governmentorganizationsand churchgroups s part of theproceUndertakinga reviewof the initial inventoryof IP Prisoners,more han five hundred 500) ps ha

beenchargedwith crimes n the various regionscovered y the program.TheMantimo casewas the pilcase hat pushed or the final take off of the Free he Ips program.

6 Ateneo HumanRights center/AssisiDevelopmentFoundation,Free he IPs:Situation AnalJsis oJ he lps in theAdminisrration oJlusticb (10April 2OO3).

3.

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Free helndigenous eoplesLegalAssistance rogram

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Throughout the co urse of the study, 574 lPs were found to have been detained in jai lsnat ionwide.


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Al l Regions

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Ou t of 574 casesnationwide,he greatestnumberwas found n RegionXl or SouthernMindanao,withatota lof 192cases.Thiswas ol lowed y 147cases ound n RegionX or heZamboanga ensinsula.herestof the casesare spreadout in the other regions: 9 cases n RegionXll or CentralMindanao, 6 inRegionVortheSouthernTagalogegion,36 n Regionorthe l locosRegion,42inRegionlorCagayanVal ley, 8 in RegionXl l l or CARAGARegion, nd 7 each n heVisayasRegions Regions l to Vl l l ) andRegionX or NorthernMindanao.. . . . l . tr . , . I

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the chartshows hat he significant umberof casescome rom Regions X and Xl, with 31o/o nd33%:.. . r : ' : : the total numberof cases, espect ively.Meanwhile, 2%of the detainees ail rom Region V, wh' Regions ahd l each has8o/o f thedetainees. RegionXll has 4% of the casesand a verysmallminoconsistilgof 1-2%eachare from RegionsX, RegionXlll, and heVisayasRegions.

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:All Regions +rl rl f,i

Murder, rustrated urder,An:dll,Att lTl,U. Homicide:ncludes omicidendFrustrated

rape,i,,. 'K,i: l tr : ' , ,S,

: Includes idnappingnd

The detained Ps found n the study were ncarceratedor a varietyof criminal harges.For easeand conveniencen he presentation f he data, he offense abeled s "Murder"shall ncludenot only he actualchargeof Murderbut similar hargessuch as Frustratedmurderand Attemptedmurder,as well as multiple ountsor combinations f the three.Similarly, omicide h all efer o both Homicide nd Frustrated omicide;Rape ncludesAttempted apeandStatutoryape;Kidnappingmay also efer o Serious llegal etention;Theft may also refer o Qualified heft;and Robberyshall ncludechargesof: Robbery,Highway obbery, obbery y band,Robberywith irearms,Robberywith orceupon hings,

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and Robberywithphysicalnjuries.Otheroffenses ummarizedn he succeeding raphsincludeCattteRustling, nd violations f R.A.9165 (Comprehensive angerousDrugs,,R.A. 425 Dangerous rugsActof 1972), nd P.D.705(Revised orestry-Philippines). ther harges, hichare ew n number, re categorizedscrimes". The offense abeledas "multiple harges" efers o lPs chargedwith aof crirnesromdifferent ffense ategories,mostlyKidnapping, ape,and

:;'l:,,a.:

.ttt.,'if i :f '1.:':':::"'. .::' :.'..:, ,,;t ,

,,iiiil'


21/104

f f i=u#:r : jleF ,' :t i ! . , : i

: : : : :1 . ; li .,.. : :i :: l

,=:

CattleRustlingR.A.9165R.A.M25

P.D. 05Robbery

TheftKidnapping

RapeHomicide

Murder

230 out of the 5( of the detained Ps found n the researchwere chargedwith Murderor relatedThis is highly significant,compared o the number of violations or RepublicAct 9165 or tfrcnsive DangerousDrugs Act of 2002, withonly 58 cases,and for chargesof rape with 51 cases,therewere24 casesof Robbery ncovered, 1 casesof Homicide r Attempted omicide, 7,rft or Qualifiedheft,15 casesof Kidnapping, 4 casesof CattleRustling, violations f P.D::Forestry odeof the Philippines),nd6 violationsf R.A.6425 DangerousrugsActof:five(55) ol the cases had multiplecharges iled against he detainees;mostly Kidnapp]ng,,and RobGry in combinationwith Homicide. Forty-four 44) detaineeswere chargedwtthcrimes,Sqqtlas Parricide,Estafa,and many others. The chargesagainst he remaining30lPsareunhnown. ffire:d

lheft, and RobGry in combinationwith Homicide. Forty-four 44) detaineeswere chargedwithder crimes,$qqfras Parricide,Estafa,and many others. The chargesagainst he remainiitF30lPs areunfinown.'

i l ,;:i i:ffii ' : i -

:' . .- I

' t,$.4{ii:i5::;:.:;-

' ,


22/104

All Regions;

Casesby Offense@2 % 05 %n2%-

tr4%-..... tr 10 %E3%

@3 %

n9 %

n R.A.6425n R.A.9165ffiCattleRustling

Th6230 murdersuspectsomprise 9%of the casesof detained Ps ound n the study. No othercategexceeded 0percent-alleged apists,RA 9165 ComprehensiveangerousDrugsActof2002)violatanddetainees ithmultiple harges iledagainst hem,onlyconsists f only9o/o r 10%of the otalnumbof cases. Thosebelongingo the "unknown" nd "other rimes" ategorymakeup 5o/o nd8o/o f the tocasesrespectively. ll other categories, amelyHomicide,Kidnapping, heft,Robbery,CattleRustliand viotations f R.A.6425 (DangerousDrugsActof 1972)and P.D.705 (RevisedForestryCode of thPhi l ippines)ompriseoh o 4oheachof the otal.

fl U.k'"u*H OtherCrimesn Mult ipleharges! Murderff iHomiciden Rapeff iKidnapping! Theftn Robbery! P.D. 05

.


23/104


24/104

5&,- . , r.

ehtagedistribution f the casesby age group:16.6ozore rn hein arly30's,7-ek.,,Tatlofs.Lof',the:or are n their ate20's, 14.5o/ore n heir ate30's,and 8.9'o are rn heiready55.7% of the cases. A to tal of 2A.7%of the detained Ps are of rnknown age.from 1 2o/oo 3.3Yo

:::::,=i-,:'=-:::,::-:,.:::.=:=:::..::::::::==

==..::

=20.7%

r< l-12: -; . ! .

2:- :913: - :- l135 - 3:3Ia- -.1- lr j : - j9E:-: - 11t5a-53I6-l - !"1_ac.cI l.Jnxn,on.

U3J% 711.0%f 1.6%@2.3%13.3%

J15.7%

714.5% m16.6%w8.9%

l


25/104

All Reqions:

Childron s.Adultsaao

z

500450400350300250200150100500

Chi ldren Adults Ageunknown

Age range(years)

'r* - : - :-adultstatusof the detaineeswere o be compared,t wouldbe found hat he greatmajority, i " r i - are of egalage. OnlyB were ound o be minors or ess han 18 earsof age).


26/104

-ll Regions

The 447 adultscomprise 8o/o f the totalnumberof detained Ps,while he 8 or 1% of the otalnumberofcasesare comprised f children r minors.Twenty-one ercent r 1'19 etainees re of unknownage.

n ChildrenI AdultstrAgeunknown

::

:':i::.:,::.'::.iJ,:,:.:::.==-t.]- r i!i :4

:


27/104

Al l Regions

Availability f LegalAidt. ^-\v !

^t-t^uvtv./_- .71I

Avai lable,BB%503

1;*s*: : - : -e research,egal idwasmadeavai lableo 503or BB% f hedetainedPs. The emaining 1- :- -ct have awvers.


28/104

E.: :I i&;All Regions

Gasesby Gou,rt evelUnknoum

Supreme ourt

Courtof Appeals

Regional r ialCourt

Munic ipa lr ialCourt100 200 300 400

Numberof cases

The distribution f the cases was.also nalyzed ccordingo court evel.Nationwide,30 Pswere riedRegional rialCourts and23 were riedby Municipal rialCourts. None reached he Courtof Appealsthe SupremeCourt. Unfortunately,ata or 2l casesare unavailable.

ooJv

,llrl1,,,'[i".-l


29/104

It All Regions

:LevelSupremeCourt

0o/oCourlof

Unknown' 4o/o

MunicipalTrialCourt4%Appeals

.:q. :

; :

t * '

RegionalTrialCourt92%

rzr,r' 'i$ifi6{y-twopercent(92%) of the cases were tried by Regional Trial Courtsand 4% by MunicipalTrial,. Courts. The restof the ca'ses re of unknown tatus.

:;i::,.';i;..iitSituationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention:A Basel ineStudy


30/104

All Regions

UnknovnrOthers

ConvictedDismissal

ReinvestigationPrelim.nvestigation

Fordecis ionTr ia l

Pre-trialArraignment

Noarraignmentet

Numberof cases

Mostof thedetainees re undergoinghe rialphase,with 265 casesbelongingo thiscategory. Manyofthese rialshavebeenongoing or years. The restare at various tages:Arraignmen t,retrial, nvestiga-tionor Reinvestigati on,waiting decision,Dismissal, r Conviction. he wenty our 24 )caseshavenotundergone rraignment,espite aving penta long ime n ai l . Onehundredourty ine 149) asesareof unknown r undeterminedtatus.

oo(uoooo,(Eo

15000

.lsr ,::',:.:t!I

Free the lndigenous Peoples Legal


31/104

@4.2o &4.5yo

All Regions

[* No ur*,gnr"* rtff iArraignment: :* ' " ' ' 'L_ i na lI FordecisionN Prelim. nvestiationMReinvestigationtr DismissalI Convictedffi Others

t;|:t,i : l l

s:i : i, i?g',:,1fi

J26.0%

=1A% - -.../'r.'J0.9%-'6e .2 % -

m0.3%

a46.2%

=2.60 n Unknown

Nearlyhalf,or 46.2%,of the casesare undergoingarious tagesof tr ialby a courtof aw,with 6.4% n he.,. ' :,.pre-tfialhase,4.5o/o rraignment hase, and 4.2o/o re set for arratgnment. urthermore,2.6oh f the. ' i detainees resti l lawait ing decision y a udge,0.5%areundergoingither rel iminarynvestigationrreinvestigation, 4o/o f the detain ees ave been convicted ut not all have been relocated o a properprison,while0.9%of the caseshavebeendismissedwithout he Ps havingbeen eleased ccordingly.bi g numberof cases 260/') re of unk nown tatus.

t:1".

..., SituationAnalysis of Indigenous Peoples n Detention:A Baseline Study-+

.-


32/104

,: All Regions'i

Agusanon\,4anobo.6 %Tiruray .5 %

Tinqquian .7%Teduray .4 % -. . . . .

T'bol i .8%Tausug .1%Tagbanwa.0 % ---Tagabawa.3 %

Surigaonon.2 %

Subanen 22.144

Unknown .6%Mixed .3%

AggayA.7%

Alangan\4angyan.2 %Arumanen.2 %

Ata0.2'.'.Badjao 9' .B'raan 5.3: :Butuanon.3o/ 'o

Bukidnon 0.2% CadiA.2%Kankanaey .7%

Caolo .7ok

Samal 0.2%-Palawanon 4.2ak

l\,4aranao .5%-Mansaka 0.3% .. lvlanobo3.5% . lvlandaya.3%

The'detaineeselong o as manyas 41 ethno- l inguist icr tr ibalgroupingshroughouthe country Thegreatest umber f cases nvolvesheB' laan r ibe,wi th253%, ol lowed y heSubanenr ibe,wi th22.1%,thentheT'bol i t r ibewi thT.B%.Eachof herestcompriseslessthano/o(and ostlessthan1%)of thetotal.

'.-:--. - .,:

I . : " . . ' i i ' i : ' - ' ' ' - ' ' . ' ' '. . . . . : . . . . . -Kalibugfan .9%:. . . . '

Kal inga 0.3%l\,4aguindanao.5 %

Hanunuo 1.4%Higaonon 0.9%lbanag 2.9Yolgorot0.3%

' lranon 0.ZYo--lraya 14%

::..


33/104

. F=;*" '

1- ' . ?,E' : : ''= ,i :. ' +rr .:tl: ' :

In Region ' 36 lPs were ound o havebeenaccusedand detained or various rimes.


34/104

Region I

tr:tr,:-,,rtl:lrlt,,lllrl

' :rl:it l i l .: : ' .1'

C-ases y OffenseCattle Rustl ing

R.A.9165R.A. 6425

P.D. 705Robbery

TheftKidnapping

RapeHomic ide

MurderComplexcrime

Other CrimesUnknown

Numberof casesaiita;l:-;l

' A14% g 0%EA %

n RobberyE P.D. 05n R.A. 42 5tr R.A. 165s cattte ustlng i

l-i,,, the 36 detained ps in l locos,10 or 27ok werecharged it hMurder 9 or 25okwereailed or violatiohs'of p.D.705(Revised orestry odeof he Phi l ippines),or 22o,0ere ai led or drugcharges r violations

detaininghe inal emainingP s unknown.


35/104

Region I

Age distribution161411

10B6420

luo nolt .oPt oo,o""o!t

,"* o*nAge range (years)

Age distribution

ooo

cz

Age rangew2.8%

*.zo I.20 -29r30-39n40 - 49r50-59n>59I Unknown

e41.7%n 0.0%r 0.0%.11j%

.19.4%

+' I i *U*n(15)or 75%ofthe36detainedlPsfromRegionlareinhe20-2gagecategory.Seven7)or19.4%;_**g-g- j r thei r30's,4or11.1Yoarentheir40's,and1or2.8% isbelow20yearsold. Theagesof thegor:::::::" . . . '25% of the accused re unknown.


36/104

.:::l l;L::1i",:'3!...,1).

Region I

oC)o

L

z

AdultsAge range (years)

I Children# AdultsLI UNKNOWN

4i.2r accusedound n Region ,whoseagesareknown, readults r of egai ge.le. : -; :s a'e adults, ut the egal tatus f the remaining ar25oh s unknown.27 ,:r t1ok of the


37/104


38/104

,ReSion I

Stageof Casesoooott)a

UnknownOthers

ConvictedDismissal

ReinvestigationPrelim. nvestigation

Fo rdecis ionTr ia l

Pre{r ialArra ignment

M arra ignmentet

.:'i,,;:iutiuuuli.ii' l,a:rlllillll: l. lri:

20 ililil

.l ,r l r i i :]l 'r '.ases82.8%

8 0.0%a11,ryo . r Eoo%'i i

@lNo anaignmentye tE Arraignmentn Pre{rialfl TrialU For decis ionn Prel im. nvest igat ion@Reinvestigation

lUISMISSAI-l lConvictedE Othersn Unknown

o2 7 8%

rll.ii

llt|t0.0%na 0%!10.0%

B0 0%

a2 Bo/a

:...,,:'::':':''':,::,==: .l::::=.-+:i,.:,,,,.,,.--:--.-:=:...:-,:,::=j::_::::lr_

-Themajor i ty ,or20outof36(55.6%)casesinRegionlarecurrent ly inthetr ia lhase.Ten(10)or27.B%ar e n the pretrial phase,and 1 or 2.8% s awaitinghe udge'sverdict.Thestatusof 4 or 11 % of the lPsis *ndetermined. '""' ::

30 Free he lndigenous PeoplesLegaf flsst'stance Program


39/104

Region !', 1

I .. 1: r . : : :

it' !

i

The courtsat which he

I

j '!'


40/104

Region I-

: i : : : lEil,i:.tl

,,r*

Unknown .8%1 Xankanaey11.1o/o4

, lranon 2.Bo/o/1

Itneg .6%z

=-Maguindanao8.3%3

Maranao .3%3

l l . l l l l "

InRegion , he ncarceratedPs most ly elong o heTingguianribe,with21 or 58.396 f he otal.Mean-while, or 11J% belong o heKankanaeyribe, or 8.3%eachbelongo theN/aranaondMaguindanaotr ibes, or 5.6%are tnegs, or 2.8o1os ranon nd 1 or 2.8o/os sneg.The r ibal l f i l iat ionf heremain-ing 1 or 2.8% s unknown.

';,, .;"+'.+'

Free the lndigenous Peoples LegalA


41/104

Region lCagayan alleyrbtalNumber fAccused.42

The data were broken.down ccordingo region, o provide ummarystatisticsor different reasof ihecountry.Region l, Cagayan al ley, as42lP detainees, s shownear l ier .


42/104

Region l l

Casesby OffenseCattleRustling

R.A.9165R.A. 6425

P.D. 705Robbery

ThefrKidnapping

RapeHomicide

l\,4urdef

oGo

MultipleChargesOther Crimes

Unknown681012141618

Number of cases

Gasesby Offense' l

t12%F0%.. I12%'

A UnknownE Other rimesn Mult ip lehargesn MurderF Homicidetr Rapetr KidnapplngI Theftn Robberyg P.D. 05f R.A. 425n R.A9165ff iCattleRustling

tr0%

I ovsn12%

" (Comprehensive angerousDrugsAct of 2OO2),6 r 14o/o ithothercrimes,5 or 12o/o ithRape,3 or 7oh. with Multiple harges,and 1 or 2oh eachwith Robbery, iolation f R.A. 6425(DangerousDrugsAct of1972). nd unknown rimes. *

Free he Indigenous Peoples


43/104

. :Region l l

Agerange years)

12or28.6% f hedetaineesarentheir20's, 0or23.8o/ore ntheir30's,6 r14.3%are nthei t :and 5 or 11.9oh re aged 60 and above. The ages of the remaining9 or 21.4%detainesaf $

illrllrlii

w21.4%

&59

w 11.9%.143%

Situat ionAnalys isof IndigenousPeoples n Detent ion:A Basel ineStudy


44/104

Region llu'A'-1:,fi1

Its

i l Chi ldrenS Adultstr Unknown

ages of the rematning or 21Toare".


45/104

$'.',::,1'',''"gion ll N]-t-d

fn Region t, egal ounselWasmadeavai lableo 35 outof 42 or 83%of the detainedPs.7 or 17o/o er eno t providedwith he services f a lawyer.

Situat ionAnalysisof tndigenousPeoples n Detent ion:A BaselineStudy

;:


46/104

. Region I l:

UnknoM

ConvictedDismissal

o Reinvestigationoo Prelim.nvestigation6 tsor ectston

Tr ia lPre{rial

Arra ignmentNoarraignmentet

Others

Number of cases

a 0.0%! 0.0%90.0% .. . ,

H No arraignment etg Arraignment! Pretrialn Tr ia lt r For decis ion[ l Prel im. nvest igat ion@Reinvestigationn DismissalI Convicted

a21.4%

D 0.0% I Unknown

Sixteen(16)out f 42or3S. lYoof thedetainedlPsarecurrent lybeingtr iedincourt .hree 3)or7.1%awaitingdecision, nd 4 or 9.5% have n fact been convicted ut have not been ransferred

& 0.0%

pr ison.Nine 9)or 21.4% emainn other tages f egal roceedingshi le hestatus f 10or 23.cases s unknown.

Free' he Indigenou Peoples


47/104

Region llI

Supreme ourto% \Court f

l \ ,4uniciDalr ialNone LOUNUNKNOWN50

ion 11, 0 or 95%of the casesare being riedby Regional rialCourts.Fo r he remaining or 5o/o,at which heircasesare being riedare unknown.

Appeals

, l -, , , ,

SituationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention:A BaselineStudy


48/104

Region ll'.j

Unknown A%-1Mansaka .97i Bago2.4o/o1Aggay9.8%/IKalinga .9%- - Cadi2.4o/L

1

Itawes29.3%12

lsneg2.4alo1 lgorot .9%zlbanag 6.6%

to

The banag ribehas hemostmembersn ai l ,with16detainees omprising6.6% f he ailed P popula-tion of Region l, followed y the ltawes ribe,with 12 or 29.3%. TheAggay ribehas1 or 9.8o/o,he lgorot,Kalinga, nd Mansakaribeshave2 or 4.9o/oach,and he Bago,Cadi,and sneg ribeshave1 or 2.4o/oeach. The ribeof 1 or 24% of the ailed Ps s unknown.

F ree the In d gen o us Peoples Legat Assis tei&e P ogra m


49/104

. i t

RegionVSouthern agalogTotalNumber fAccused:6

Ot btt fre regions n Luzon, he SouthernTagalogRegionor-Region V has the most numberof accusedlPs,with56 current lv etained.


50/104

. Region lV::

oP6oo()

CattleRustlingR.A.9165R.A. 6425P.D.705Robbery

ThetKidnapping

RapeHomicide

1,4rderComplexCdme

OtherCrimesUnknown

Iwu"r""*nE OtherCrimes

E O%_.... n 0%' . . . l. t r2%J7 % .

n Mul t ip le hargesg0 %414% 22% tr Murder

I Homicide6 RapeMKidnappingtr TheftI Robberyc P.D. 05n R.A. 425n R.A. 165I CaftleRustling

' t , . ,Out of the 56 ailed Ps n Southern agalog, 3 or 40%were mprisonedor Murder, or 16%were aiGd


51/104

-+..,:],.,Region lV *: :i l. t.,+

l l i l lr iilI uulriilt,:u.tlu'ttltritl:iirtlil ]lll]]lll]rli:$il

1816o14o to6 tzoC, R

z^

47

Agerange

ff i 0.0% n21/%. .,

ff i30.4%

w3.6%=10.7%- 216.1%

a17.9%

a2a - 29n30-39n40-49850-59m>59ff i Unknn*,1

a,.; .

' ,1:-SituationAnalysis of Indigenous Peoples n Detention:A Baseline$tudy


52/104

Region lVt

oooGoooacz

35JUz5201050

Children AdultsAgerange yrears)

Unknown

l-! Chi ldrenlAdults

j n Unknown

irty-nine 3g )or 70%of the detainees hoseagesar e knownare adurts.30% are unknown..

',_The agesof the remaining.lT

: . ' ': :, .: .;-' t' 1,'

44


53/104

:} i f:iil i i'18:,,,,.,'$|

Region lV

NotAwilable,1B%10

Arailable,B2%46

ln Region V, egalservicegwereprovided o 46 or B2o/of the accused Ps,while1A or 18o/ o ere unableto obtain he servicesof a lawver.

l

,u'. .

SituationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention: Basel ineStudy


54/104


55/104

1. ,rliil

o6

oFa

Resion Vi

SupremeCourt

Courto{ Appeals

Regional rialCourt

Municipalr ialCourt

Number of cases

(54) or 96% of the cases are being rledby Regional rial courls, and 1 or zro isa MuniiipalTrialCourt. The courtof one of the cases s unkncwn

situationAnalysisof lndigenousPeoples n Detention:A Basel ine tudy


56/104

.- , . ..:

': '... t:1 ;:: .t :1 ;

.r '. .: , a:;:i.:ii.' '... . ,.'::.::,)l , : i . . , t : . . : : . t : . r : .: ::i.::: r ': . ..ia"r:- :.:: ;t '. .,tl:trii . : ;F . ' . .: : , ; ' t '::a .:: ' :': .'.l l

Unknown 2.5% AlanganMangyan .8% ,-Hanunuo4.3%Mixed .6%\

Palawanon2.9%


57/104

l . . : :1 . , , , , . . . , : , , : r , . r . r r1 r r . . . : l

. oiity 7 lPswere ound o havebeendetained n RegionsVl to Vlll, or the Visayas egrons.


58/104

Region Vl-Vl l l

Gasesby Offense

l$ffense

Of he 7lPs,2or29o/ o re ai led or murder, nd he rest 71%)areaccused f var ious ther r imes

Free he lndigenous Peoples LegatAssistance Program.

i : l tr lrll:i l = LJnF.1.,, 'i i ' i l E t \ ,1Uioie :h?.0.:l0 % :09"

^3m3 s; lr r iH 0% 5 0?i, K 0% lluroer

i. t0o/; nA",L a Hom,c dll.l'ittl,ltr'i.'tl:llil:t.it'u'1t.r',rl E 0% l'] 0ori.. &^07: IRanero q B oq'

=:=#ws#iEffi =

-

i,r,iirr,rl'lrllillrr:l.rr:alill,l,ilt,:llq-/(

-l]ii]]litltlit:il]illiil.|]itlltlil].l]*r,o^ '-RA642sl1lilltil.l:llltlll1tt.tlil.1il;'llr --RA 16:

ECatt teRirstng


59/104

r$ Region VI-VIl lrffi Agedistribution

tt,(,oocz

.9vl"o

Age range

ff i14.3o r 0.0%@59ffi Unknown

.f:Tfr agesof mostof the detainees,5 or 71/%) in he Visayas re unknown.Th edatagathering evealed,.,.r11n*tt'"t1 or 14.3% etainees n he 20-29 ge racket nd1 or 14.3%s aboveSeylars otOl

rt

-.

.5-

situationAnalysisof Indigenous eoplesn Detention: Baseline tudy t: *. ' -F,


60/104

229Ya


61/104

t;}q't,'{+,,r*

Region VI-VIl l,;: '

Legalassistance as madeavailableo 6 or 86% of the accused Ps n the VisayasRegions.One of theaccused, owever, id not receive egalaid.


62/104

Unkno\rnOthers

. Convictedo Dismissal3 Reinvestigationo Prel im. invest igat ion$ For decisionTrial

PrelrialArraignment

Noarraignmentet2

Numberof cases

: :o' : " ' ] ' 'onff iPrelrm. nveslrgalronE Reinvestigation

ase of legalproceedings"


63/104

Region Vl-Vll lt'je

None UnknolMl

Supreme ourt

Courtof Appeals

RegionalrialCourt

Municipalr ialCourt3.5 4

'= , ,

the other regions,more Ps ar e tr iedat the MunicipalTrialCourts han at the RegionalTrial:il!1],",_11?:_1"11:_:::r.e-frnoriedat hemu,nic.ipa.tevetwhiteor2eo/ore ellg;qieo$level. Foronedetainee,he evelof thecourtat whichhe or she s being r ied s

situationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention:A Basel ine tudy


64/104

::,,,,1:i1...':,,.

:ia'.'.a."'::;'a:;;; 7


65/104

.lllll,,, ,,:,;f,1:

, ;iillill,

.,riitrf

"",1f,'::,'..:l:1,.

47,,,,l]llt,l-

, : l r : t

,,,,i1,,,,.

' :: ' RJgion X, or Zamboanga,s the regionwith he secondhighestnumberof detained Ps with 14 7accused. and ailed or various rimes.

''ii,.,-',;$r.''.r$r,. : t l r , ,1. ! | i i i ' : . ; l , ' t i r l

' irt' :. , ,i:i' r.,rii.l1$jl:. .'1 ;.', .'.11li,

,1lii .'{ ,,,'.''1',,1;:''i:i. :,r's$l., ''11l,':ttltl: , lii. , ',,6;1

,ri., .:*$,. ,.':l'r']illllltl,,.,1t$!,r ,t-$;,

,1r11r,4i1y,,,;$i1

'i, ,$,,*r

'llll '' : rrlil

t]i1,;1. .,,,l,,,tr,.,

t,litl,: ,:trltl,;,

'lrlllli'i, .ti'l

.lll,, .,,,;

,:,li:., ,r,,

:it|;\Ll

ll .:.r'r,:rr

' , , l i , ; , t .,: l l r i l l ,


66/104

Region lX

.,',ltli,l:.,t:trtllilr,ll

ri:lltiliri

oP()otr,c(J

Cattle RustlingR.A. 9165R.A. 6425

P.D. 705Robbery

ThefrKidnappjng

RapeHomicide

MurderMultipleCharges

Other CrimesUnknown

Numberof cases-----ll:;:'' ---::7:t-:.:':.---:Y,lllllr-. :'-:::lxl-- "--:::JT']:--

|..lllllrl'lli,lll:'. i i ii

,;'rilr,i illllillio

,r.:llilllll-ti,ttl::l,:

,:lliiir'):tl.ll:.t).'

ces . ,,.,'...'',.,,':,1i,.1,,,,,,,,.':,;lllll,l'l,,,.. r',..''.l.lilitiilofrefiK'6"''"'.r'''l ffi Unknown

tr OtherCrimesE0 % \

14% ..-E5%

1,1 96l3 %

@0 %in Mult iple hargesIIn Murder Itr 3q" I Homicide

n RapeMKidnappingn TheftI Robbery: P.D. 05r R.A 6425tr R.A. 165L cattleRustling

i-e 'rundred orty-seven 147) Ps are in jails in Zamboanga, nd of these,67 or 46% are accusedof\fur:er. 21 or 14a/o..aren jail for Rape, 18 or 12% are accusedof complexcrimesor combinations fri - -- ,lecharges, 'or67oare ncarceratedor othercrimes 8 or 5o/oor Homicide7 or 5ok orviolatingR.A.:' i: Gomprehensive angerousDrugsAct of 2002),6 or 4o/oor Robbery,4 or 3o/oor CattleRiibiling,4ro rTheft,an d 3 or 2% for Kidnapping

Free he tndigenousPeoptes egalAssis aiie Program


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Region lX "i i-i :J

60

: I : : .

it.tru;trrtttlltiii]llllll l.llllrlrlillli

50u,th t^(E +Uo eno

z 10lrl lillrllllllilrllll;:''iirllllllrrllli,:l'll:llll:rlilrl!'rli'ilillilrlllrlu.

,ltrltlllill ltil.''lli;tliirr]rrrlrrl l i l l l l l l l l i i l l i l^o\ -ot -o\'v ' '5 - L-

n1.4%a3.4%

rt 129%

Age range (years)

Age range

w34% w29.3%f f i59WUnknown

:t:::*:i:

M 16.3%

SituationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention: Basel ineStudy


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" Region IX::=

Gh,ildren s. Ad,'rU'lt$

Children s.Adults2416% 21% tr Children

HAdul tsI Unknown

. , . - . .t: =

-i . - Zamboanga as 2 minordetainees,ompris ing % oftheai led P population. ne hundredwentyone(121)or83%are adults, nd he agesof 24 or 16o/o reunknown.

:

140120

oE 100(uob80360240

200

Children Adults UnknownAge range (years)

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' : . :j:Region lX u, g' :+

il

i

,r:ltli

nscbn.beseenfromthegra.ph,25or85%ofthelPdetaineesobtainedlegalcounsel,but22or l5o/ofai ledto obtain ny egalaid.

situation Analysis of Indigenouspeoples in Detention:A Baselinestudy


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:,,' .*d!-

Region l)l

,a,:::'.t.. .,"a''.:::. ....:.

;r:.:;:i' , t

,;lrilrtti|Uil,::tii,utlllti,tirlltitli..4t.1:):'1:). .: t:;t,r.,_. n r,utii::I : 'CACvLgv9Unknown

OthersConvicted

B Dismissals Reinvestigationo Prelim.nvestigationo6 FOrOeCrSrOnTrial

Pre{rialArraignment

Noarraignmentet40 60

Numberof cases

x FordecisionKlPrelim.nvestigaiion

=..= '=-:::

12.2%


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'= '. : ..;::',,:',,.'l

i " ,,,:=: .:.;'.

None Unknou/Tl

Supreme ourt

Courtof Appeals

Regional rialCourt

Municipal rialCourt


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"''1 r' :'.,

:-

lvatan0.7o/oUnknow 0.7o/oMixed0.7%

Samal0.7%Tausug .2%

Subanen85.7o/o

f


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:l

X or NorthernMindanao,ike heVisayas egions, nlyhas7 lps detainedn ocal ai ls.

!

+fl

RegionXNorthernVlindanao rrrrr a_Ivl r rt l i l \yTotafNumber fAccused:otafNumber fAcc


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Cattle RustlingR.A.9165R.A. 6425

P.D. 70 5Robbery

TheftKidnapping

RapeHomicide

Murder


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. u Region Xii

Children s.Adults

AdultsAge range (years)

Children s.Adults

n Cni|Or"nff iAdults[]Unknorrun

All 7 or 100%of the detaineesn Northern Vlindanaore adults

Free the Indigenous Peoples LegalAssistance Program


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-- :t t : : : -- *E-=a -: a f,-: : _3*1rr:; r=;. : ' -::.:.' . .:-=:'.:: :a'z:.a., L{l :=. :.:

lPs n this regionwere providedwith egalcounsel.

lt:

! r . '.+i"' ,.. ':3i1,:*:,rt ,w;H'""'


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Stageof G:n$esUnknown

OthersConvictedDismissal

ReinvestigationPrel im. nvestigation

For decisionTrial

Pre-tr ia lArraignment

No arraignmentye t

Number of cases

'r:llil;rll;it ; :a : : l : '

I.i

truririlililllli.

ft 0 09, E 0.09"ac.0% JC09;f 28.6.h

5 or 71.4oh r e u nd er go in g an d 2 o r 21 .6okare in other stagesof legal

B No arraiqnmentetI Arraignmenlil Pre{rial! Trta,I Fo r decisionil Prel i rn.nvest igat ionE Reinvest igat ioni: lDismissaiI ConvictecI Otners'- Uni(ncwn

. . . . ' :l ::rrlr:i.. .. ,:.iuut009;u009"m00%

!00c;

,'"--.,

Free the lndigenous Peoples LegalAssr'stanee" -ii

'!,'r '


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Mixed28.6%2

The estareeithe.i,o{

=i.f


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,;ir.a;ii:' ..'..ri,

t,tli't'

Region:Xl,otherwise nownas SouthernMindanao, as the most ailed Ps with 192 uncovered n thecourseof the field esearch.

aa.. : , : : : . , . . ,i i1;.: "':; :':aa ' '.,i.,t'

liirl!,:li :tr: .li i l l l l :r,:i ' l i .rrr.


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Region Xl

@i'

@c(,

Cattle RustlingR.A.9165R.A. 6425

P.D.705Robbery

TheftKidnapping

RapeHomicide

lVurderN,4ultipleharges

Other CrimesUnknown

Numberof cases

Gasesby OffenseI I UnKnOWnmOtherCrimes

!3%a0% -

a2 %n3 %a0% ..

a5 %

n Mult iplehargesn MurderH Homiciden Rapeff iKidnappingn TheftI RobberyE P.D. 05n R.A. 425n R.A. 165ff iCattleRustling

r,.;.r;rjlotal of 70.out f the 192or 35 %of the detained Psar echargedwithMurderor related ffenses.This s,,,:,.J,i.:,$gnifieantlyigher han he 19or 10 %alleged iolations f R.A.9165(Comprehensive angerousDrugs,.. Act of 2OO2),he secondmost requent ffense. hereare also 11or 6% casesof Honicioe,l0 or 5o/o: casesof Rape, or 5oloasesof Catt leRustl ing, or 3% caseseachof R.A.6425 Dangerous rugsActof 1972)violat i onsandTheft,nd4or2o/ocasesof obbery. 3or12%of hecases avemurtiplecharges

ing28 or 15YoncarceratedPsare unknown.74 Free the lndigenaus Peoples LegalAssr'sfance Program: '.1.'


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"t '*:Region xl3

Ch d eh,'Vs,.d,uts

=,':

Onehundredff i '*

Children s.Adultsto u140o3tn

* lO OoR n-o=o uz 40

200

Free the Indigenous Peoples Legal


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Region Xl 'a.i:

Availability f LegalAidJV

ln'181or 94%of the cases, he Psreceivedegalaid. No eg alai dwas given o 11or 60/o f the cases.

iii


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Region Xl

i . r , , i r , , , t i . t ; t j i t , , . ,oGrr, , i . t i i i . i t. oooo

l

I

UnknoMOthersConvictedDismissal

ReinvestigationPrelim.nvestigation

Fo rdecisionTrial

Pre{rialArraignment

Noarraignmentet

ta49.5%



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Region Xl . t:. :

Casesby CourtLevelNone UnknoM

Supreme ourt

Courtof Appeals

Regional r ialCourt

Municipalr ialCourt10 0

Numberof cases

o

'l50

Casesby CourtLevel

' ',l;:-'ry+iLmajorityf hecases n his eg ion rebeingried t heRegional rialCourts, it h187or 97% n hisiategory, ndonly5 or 3% riedbeforeheMunicipalrialCourts.',,,=,-

' , .i tuationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention:A Basel ineStudy 79


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. :: : i - i l:. j,.:':.. :

Region Xl'

Tboli2l 4o/o- ' .

lt/anobo31o/o-=-

"t l teg' taanir ibehasl l0membersinjai l ,compris ing57.3%oftheja i led lPpopulat ionofouthernMindanao,fol lowed y heT'bol i r ibe,with41 or 21 4%. The Caolo r ibehas21 or 10.9%,he Manobo r ibehas6 or3.1%, he Tagbanwaribehas 2 or 1o/o,nd heArumanenr ibehas 1 or 0.5o/o.even 7)or 3.6%of theincarceratedPs havea mixedheritage. he tribesof 4 or 2.1%of the ailed Ps are unknown.

:

Free the lndigenous PeoplesL

80


89/104

,a.l::1,' ;iila' .

"tri r't 5,, i3,, 'lil*"r,"" *r,

CattleRustlingR.A.9165R.A. 6425P.D. 705Robbery

ThefrKidnappjng

RapeHomicide


OtherCrimesUnknown

mUnknownH OtherCrimesn Multiple hargestr MurderU Homicidetr Rapeg KidnappingnTheftil Robberys P.D.705! R.A. 425n R.A. 165@CattleRustling

I

li

oi'o

four 24) or 41o/ooftheases n the regionare Murdercases,14 or 24%arealleged iolations f


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t :Reqion Xll - i ,,q,

"2 0)6

3roz 5

0

Age Distribution

ns" tta 9a !a 6oAge range years)

;& "tS""""

Age Distribution

i rl25.4%asj%'

Et59@Unknown

tr 6.8%

SituationAnalysis of Indigenous Peoples n Detention :A BaselineStudy


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{*" ' ' "" *"

{1:::,.,

I ChildrenEAdultsE Unknown


92/104


93/104

Region Xll

UnknownOthers

Convictedo Dismissal3 Reinvestigationo Hrellm. InVeSIlgaIlOn$ Fo rdecisionTrial

PretrlalArraignment

Noarraignmentet

.

",i

l l

! 8.5%

ff iNo arraignmentetffilArraignmentn Pretrialtr TrialL Fo rdecisionn Prelim.nvestigat ion@Reinvestigationn DismissalL Convictedffi Others! Unknown

B 6,8%@13.6%a1.7%

a t] % -'

D 6.8%ta42A%

,il.l


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Region Xfl

ooJoo

I

Numberof cases

Casesby CourtLevelCourtofAppeals0o/o

SupremeCourt0%

RegionalTrialCourt8s %, ,t j ta ',,i,,sl;rii+.' ----=___

. .+;lu"i ses arebeforer*iJp"i;;;,'|:ffre beinsried yRegionarrriarcourrs.The emaining10or 17%

87situationAn _-i . . ts; ; ' - . . , - ' 'a|ysisof |ndigenousPeop|es,F, rn :A BasefineStudy


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Region Xll

,Gase$,by Ethnicity,

The B'laan ribehas he mostme1nbersn ai l n this region,with35 or 59"3%. The Teduray ribehas B or13.6%,he Manobo r ibehas5 or 8.5%, heT'bol i tr ibe as4 or 6.8%, heTirurayr ibehas3 or 5.1%, heMandayatr ibehas2or3.4%,andtheSubanentr ibehasor1.7o/o.lso,1 or1.7ohofheselPshasmixedethnicity.

'' a'1,

'ririiir, .r'r]ll' til1rlr,' rl!ltt,", tiiii'i '::lll:::. ,ttttt:.a:. ,, .l]l i" lllr': . r.,i .

*;' '

iii' ' .irl

..-Mixed .7%B'laan 9.3%

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Regioh::lllGARAGATotalNumber fAccuseOlg

RegionXlll, knownas CARAGA,has28 lP s found o havebeen ailed or variousoffenses.


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Gasesby Offenser

Region Xll la

oY'acoc

CaitleRustlingR.A.9165R.A. 6425

P.D.70 5Robbery

TheftKidnapping

RapeHomicide


OtherCrimesUnknown

Number of casesI

Gasesby Offenset - L_l nKnown

tr OtherCrimesn Mult iple hargesr= lMurderF Homiciden RapeL_ l r0napprngn TheftI Robberytr P.D. 05n R.A. 425n R.A.9165@CattleRustling

:::: Lt ' t.

Of the 28 cases n RegionXIl l , he most requent ffense ccurr ings Murder, i th 13 or 49ohcases.ncontrast, hereur " onf 3 or 11% aseseach of Robbery,Kidnapping, nd complexcrimeswith multiplecharges, nl y2 or 7% with heft,and 1 or 4o/o achwith R.A.9165 (Comprehensive angerousDrugsActof2002)vio|at ion,Rape,Homicide,andothercr imesa||eged|ycommitted.

'i*'j$il*.,,,,Free the lndigenous Peoples Legal


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;,t ."_t.4t

:. r- :

Region Xill

Children AdultsAge range (years)

4+14% n Children

ffiAdults

:RegionXlll whoseagesar e knownare adults.Thus,24 or 86% of the detainees iebut he agesof the remaining or 14o/oreunknown.

i

3025

thth zu(!

r lCo= aiz

' .



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Region Xl l l " I:i

Availabil alAidNotAvailable,25%7

Available,75%21

fn this region, egalaid was madeavailableo 21 out of 28 or 75% of the mprisonedPs. For 7 or 25%ofthe detainees, owever,egalcounselhas notyet beenmadeavailable.

SituationAnalysisof IndigenousPeoples n Detention:A Basel ineStudy#- **;- -


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Stageof GasesRegion Xll l

looo

)u,

UnknownOthers

ConvictedDismissal

ReinvestigationPrel im. nvestigation

For decisionTrial

Pre-trialArraignment

No arraignment ye t

of GasesE 0.0% E7.1%

Stage of case

-3.6% tr 179%

O f.fo rront"* u*mArraiqnmentrPre+iat InTrial . r. :EFor ecision I ,ln Prelim.nvestigationMReinvestigatio" I ,tr Dismissal . . . , , ,r convicted 1,,.,,,trothers l',,1,n Unknown .,,,,1l....

--''-l"li

f f i i2: l

46

Free the trldig.rous Peoples Legal


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Region Xl l l

ooEo(J

Casesby GourtLevelNone Unknown

Supreme ourt

Courtof Appeals

RegionalrialCourt

lVlunicipalrialCourt05

0

0

al:llil,,

-,r,li::.l , l ' ,flllli':.l li:l

i . . ,l,l!r,,,fr" 'i,.r,,,.].' l i i_ '::1.,lr,,,,..l l l : i ' ']i,,lt'ir,.l:'lrll'i-rarlrf

None Unknow0% Municipal rialCourt11./.

Regional rialCourt89 %

of the cases n his egionare being rie dat the Regional r ialCourts,with25 or Bg% n his categor!;3 or 11o/oe.ingriedbefore he Municipal da lCourts.: : :r : :i '- '

'..tt:a:.1

i';llil ,ill| 'l.

- . .I

-ttjti

. ; , . .

'r.* t: ; : , i i ,1 ;' ,=' I

i'i

::l' :=...' " ,i,a a , ';::::'.'..-.+u,:'.l j lrtir

i-;l'i+: a-l',ffiffiR1F.. . l ' ' ' - -. ;

CaSdsy CodftLevelCourt Level

SupreneCourt0%Court f AppealsOo/.

Situation Analysis of Indigenous Peoples n Detention:A Baseline Study

,g


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Situation Analysis of IP in Detention - A Baseline Study

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