Site Characterization and Analysis. Terminal Learning Objective ACTION: Conduct Site...
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Transcript of Site Characterization and Analysis. Terminal Learning Objective ACTION: Conduct Site...
Site Characterization and Analysis
Terminal Learning Objective
• ACTION: Conduct Site Characterization
• CONDITION: Given an Environmental Site scenario, personnel protective equipment and criteria for conducting an assessment using detection and monitoring techniques IAW OSHA regulations.
• STANDARD: Identify environmental hazards with a minimum of 80% accuracy
Enabling Learning Objectives
• Identify the 8 components of site characterization and analysis
• Identify the three phases of Site Characterization• Identify potential common site hazards during initial
site entry• Identify required information employer must provide
to employee prior to site entry• Identify when site monitoring is required• Identify common risks associated with site hazards• Identify elements and purpose of a site control
program• Identify clues used to identify the presence of
hazardous materials during a site characterization
Site Characterization and Analysis
What is it?
1. Evaluation2. Hazard Identification3. Required Employee Information4. Personal protective equipment5. Monitoring6. Risk Identification7. Employee Notification8. Site Control
The 8 areas tie in the following programs:
• Site Control• Safety Plan• Monitoring• Medical
Site Characterization and Analysis
1. Site Evaluation (Phases)– Preliminary, prior to entry
• Records search
– Initial site entry– Continual updating
• Monitoring• Evaluation
2. Hazard Identification. Completes assessment of potential hazards prior to start of work
Includes:• Confined space• Explosive• Hazardous energy• Flammable• Slip, trips, falls• Visible vapor clouds• Bio indicators
Hazard Identification
feeds Risk Identification
Site Characterization and Analysis
3. Required Information to Employee“The following information to the extent available
shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employee to enter the site”:
– Location and size of site– Description of activity
• Task/purpose
– Duration of activity• Stay times/recycle
– Site topography– Safety and health hazards– Emergency response capabilities– Hazardous substances
• Data feeds Safety Plan & vice versa• Data grows with each entry
Site Characterization and Analysis
4. Personnel protective equipment– Based on preliminary site evaluation– Protect against known and suspected hazards– If positive pressure SCBA not used as part of initial
entry, and if respiratory protection is warranted by potential hazards, an escape SCBA of at least 5 mins must be carried
– If all hazards not known, Level B is minimum– Once all hazards ID’ed, PPE can be adjusted
Feeds Safety
Plan
Site Characterization and Analysis
5. Monitoring– During site entry when potential for radiation or
IDLH environment exists– Continual when:
• Ionizing radiation present • IDLH environment present• Potential for IDLH environment
– Ongoing program IAW 29CFR1910.120 paragraph (h) after characterization has determined site safe for start up of operations
Site Characterization and Analysis
6. Risk Identification• Once specific hazards are established, the risks
involved are identified (not all inclusive):» Exposures exceeding the permissible
exposure limits and published exposure levels
» IDLH concentrations» Potential skin absorption and irritation
sources» Potential eye irritation sources» Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges» Oxygen deficiency
Hazard Identification
feeds Risk Identification
Site Characterization and Analysis
– Program: Controls employee exposure to hazardous substances
– Elements:
• Site Map
• Work Zones
• Buddy system
• Site Communications
7. Employee notification
– Any information of known or unknown shall be made available
Ties in w/safety plan and work plan
8. Site Control
Site Characterization and Analysis
Check on Learning
Site Characterization And Analysis
What is it?
1. Evaluation2. Hazard Identification3. Required Employee Information4. Personal protective equipment5. Monitoring6. Risk Identification7. Employee Notification8. Site Control
How to do it
Record
search
Haz
ard
Id
enti
fica
tio
n
Initial Site
Entry &
MonitoringID
Hazards/Risks
Wo
rk Plan
Mis
sion
Compl
ete
Preliminary Evaluation
Site Acciden
t
Sit
e S
afet
y P
lan
PPE
Selection
Site Control
ProgramHazard Mitigation
Monito
ring
Progra
m
Record
searchPreliminary Evaluation
Preliminary Evaluation
• Determination of potential hazards based on the development of a site history through the use of printed documentation, maps, and photographs.
• Places where documentation can be researched are as follows:– County Court House– Utility, Phone Companies– Library– Local Police Force– Health Department– Neighbors– Former Employees– U.S. Geological Survey
Preliminary Evaluation
• Information may include:– Permits, License and Deeds– Previous land (or structure) occupancy and use– Products manufactured, used or stored on the site– Geological data regarding soil and groundwater
conditions
– Information regarding the surrounding area e.g. aerial, ground photographs, topography etc…
– Accessibility
Identification Of Hazards
• INFORMATION RESOURCES• PLACARDS• LABELS• UN ID Numbers• NFPA 704• HMIS• HMIG• CONTAINER SHAPES• SENSES
Haz
ard
Id
enti
fica
tio
n
Initial Site
Entry &
MonitoringID
Hazards/Risks
Site Safety Plan
PPESelection
Site Control ProgramMonitoring
Program
Information Resources
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Shipping Papers
• Facility Papers
• CHEMTREC
• PEAC
NFPA 704 Colors and Their Meanings
1. Blue = Health
2. Red = Flammability
3. Yellow = Reactivity
4. White = Special W_11
22
33
44
HMIS / HMIG
• Hazardous Material Identification System
• Hazardous Material Identification Guide– 4 hazard principles– 5 degrees of hazards– Alphabetical designations
for PPE
Placards and Labels
Placards
• Placed on transport vehicles– Can provide recognition and general
hazard classification.– Colored background– Respected hazard class symbol– Hazard class / division number– Four digit identification number
Labels
• Labels are the responsibility of the shipper and – Are warnings to handle with care,– Provide guidance for storage,– Provide guidance for proper placards to be
used,– Must be affixed to package.
•CLASS 1 = EXPLOSIVES•CLASS 2 = GASES•CLASS 3 = FLAMMABLE & COMBUSTBLE LIQUIDS•CLASS 4 = FLAMMABLE SOLIDS•CLASS 5 = OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES•CLASS 6 = TOXIC MATERIALS •CLASS 7 = RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS•CLASS 8 = CORROSIVE MATERIALS•CLASS 9 = MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS
Hazard Classification System
Class 1 Explosives1.1 – 1.6
• Mass explosion that affects almost the entire load– Black powder– Dynamite– T-N-T– Blasting caps– Nitroglycerin
Class 2 Gases2.1 Flammable Gas
2.2 Non Flammable Gas2.3 Poisonous by Inhalation (PIH)
2.1• Lower Explosive Limit
(LEL) < 13%• Flammable Range
(FR) > 12% Ethylene Oxide Butadiene Isobutane Propylene Methane
2.2• Non-liquefied Compressed Gas:
– Gaseous at 68°F and charge pressure
• Liquefied Compressed Gas: – Gas which is partially
liquid at 68°F and charge pressure
2.3• “Known to be so toxic to humans as to
pose a hazard during transportation”• LC50 of 5,000 ml/m3 (ppm) or less• Four hazard zones• Examples: methyl bromide, chlorine,
hydrogen chloride, phosgene
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
• Flammable Liquid– Flash Point < 141°F
• Combustible Liquid– 141°F < Flash Point < 200°F
Class 4 4.1 Flammable Solids
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 Dangerous When Wet 4.1
• Wetted explosives• Self-reactive materials• Readily combustible
solids4.2• Pyrophoric Materials (liquid or solid)
– if contact air, ignites in less than 5 minutes
• Self-heating Materials– if contact air, self-heat
• Examples:phosphorous, carbon black, charcoal, sodium borohydride
4.3• When in contact with Water
– becomes spontaneously flammable– gives off flammable gas– gives off toxic gas
• Examples:lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium carbide
5.1 Oxidizers
5.2 Organic Peroxides
Class 5 Oxidizers 5.1 Oxidizers
5.2 Organic Peroxides
• Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
Class 6 Toxic6.1 Poisons
6.2 Etiologics6.1• Toxic to humans• Health hazard during transport• Presumed toxic (based on animals)
– ORAL TOXICITY: LD50 < 500 mg/kg (l) LD50 < 200 mg/kg (s)
– DERMAL TOXICITY: LD50 < 1,000 mg/kg– VAPOR (and DUST) TOXICITY : LC50 < 10mg/L
• Examples:phenol, nitrobenzene, hydrogen cyanide
6.2• Infectious substance or etiologic• Diagnostic specimens• Biological products• Regulated medical waste• Examples:
ebola virus,hemorrhagic fever agents,hepatitis A & B,botulism toxin
Class 7 Radioactive
• Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns
• Definition: Materials having a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcurie per gram.
RADIOACTIVE
Class 8 Corrosive
• White top• Black bottom• Test tubes• Hand and steel bar
Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
• A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that is not included in another hazard class
Mixed Load• Applies to placarding only • Required when 1001 lbs or more of material is transported and it is composed of 2 or more hazard categories.• Replaces the specific placards for the individual classes.• Exception is when one single class in a multiple class transport exceeds 5000 lbs, in which case the placard for the large load class must be displayed.
• A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its – Form– Quantity– Packaging– No placard
Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)
Typical Container Shapes That May Indicate Hazardous Materials
Bags
Twisted and Tied
Folded and Glued
Stitched
Bottles
Protected PlasticGlass
Boxes
Wooden Divided Fiberboard
Fiberboard
Non-bulk Packages
• Drums– Construction Materials
• Fiberboard• Metal• Plastic
– Openings• Open head, chime / bolt ring• Tight or closed head,
bung & inspection holes
Non-bulk Packages
• Carboys– Glass or plastic bottle– Enclosed in
protective “box”
• Dewar– Thermos/insulated– Cryogenic liquids
• Bottles & Cans– Bottles, coated bottles– Cans, Jerricans
Radioactive Packaging
• Limit Quantity Packaging
• Strong Tight
• Type A
• Type B
• Special Form
• Industrial Radiography Sources
Limited Quantity
• Very small surface exposure
• Normal industrial packaging
• Not typically labeled
• Examples include:– Luminous watch dials– Smoke detectors– Medical diagnostic kits
Strong Tight
• Used for Low Specific Activity (LSA)
• Marked “RADIOACTIVE LSA”
• Essentially Type A containers
Type A Packing
• Larger amounts of LSA
• Labeled “RADIOACTIVE”
• Normal transportation
Type B Packaging
• Highly radioactive material
• Labeled as Type B and “RADIOACTIVE”
• Normal transportation conditions
• Accident conditions
Bulk Containers
• Cargo Tanks– MC 306 / DOT 406– MC 307 / DOT 407– MC 312 / DOT 412– MC 331– MC 338– Bulk Handlers– Tube Trailers
MC 306(DOT 406)
Large Oval Ends
Longitudinal rollover protection
Manhole assembly located on top
Underbelly Outlets
Pressures up to 4 psig
MC 307(DOT 407)
Rounded Ends
Single Work Platform
Single Outlet Piping
25 psig+ Working Pressure
–“General Service Tank”
–Poisons
–Mild corrosives
–Flammable & combustible liquids
–Asphalt
–Non-hazardous materials
MC 307 / DOT 407
MC 312(DOT 412)
Rounded Ends Small Diameter“Cigar Shape”
5 - 25 psig Working Pressure
Exterior Stiffner Rings
•Cargo
–Temp. Sensitive corrosives & oxidizers
–Sulfuric acid, oleum, anhydrous HF
MC 312 / DOT 412
MC 331Bolted
ManwayLarge Hemisphere Ends
Cage Around Piping
Up to 11,500 gal
100 to 500 psig
•Cargo
–Flammable compressed gases (propane)
–Liquefied petroleum gas
–Non-flammable compressed gas (anhydrous ammonia)
MC 331
MC 338
Loading/Unloading Station at Rear
Ends Normally Flat
Loading (Sometimes Located Here)
500 to 14,000 gal
25.3 to 500 psig
•Cargo
–Flammable / Non-flammable cryogenics
–Liquid nitrogen, natural gas, ethylene
MC 338
Dry Bulk Carriers
Compressor Unit
Large Sloping “V” Shaped Bottom Up to 1500 cu. ft.
Pneumatically Unloaded
• Carry dry powders & pellets
Tube Trailer
• Flat bed trailer• Horizontal DOT cylinders• Pressures up to 5,000 psi• Manifold located at rear• Typical materials include:
helium, compressed air, methane, methylbromide, hydrogen
Nonpressure or Pressure Intermodal
•Liquefied gases, pyrophorics, flammable liquids•Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable Liquids•Whiskey, Food, Alcohols, Solvents
Cryogenic Intermodal
Carry Cryogenic Materials
Tube Module
Compressed Gas
Non-Pressure Tank Car
Also called “General Service”or “Low Pressure”
4,000 - 45,000 gallons
No Expansion DomeVisible Fittings
Older cars have expansion domes
Pressure Tank Car
100 to 600 psi
Expansion DomeNo visible Fittings
4,000 - 45,000 gallons
Flammable/nonflammable gases Poison gases
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Low Pressure Liquids (25 psig or lower)
Thermos Type, Tank in a Tank
Refrigerated to -155 ° F and below
Fixed Site Tanks
• Non-pressure Facility Tanks: < 0.5 psi
• Low Pressure Facility Tanks: 0.5 - 15 psi
• Pressure Facility Tanks: Over 15 psi
• Cryogenic Facility Tanks
Non-pressure Fixed
• Horizontal
• Cone Roof
• Floating Roof
• Lifter Roof
• Vapor Dome
• Geodesic Dome
Low Pressure
• Horizontal
• Spherical
• Spheroid
• Noded Sphere
Cryogenic Fixed
• Pressure Vessel
• May Have Heat Exchange Coils
• Cryogenic Materials (below -150°F)
Damaged, no product release
Damaged, product release
Damaged, product released
SensesSmell, Touch and Taste
• Not used as primary detection method• Never ignore your senses. If it smells, feels
or tastes hazardous, it probably is!
Check on Learning
Mis
sion
Compl
ete
ID Hazards/Risks
Wo
rk Plan
Site Safety Plan
PPESelection
Site Control Program
MonitoringProgram
• IEP updates situation– Any additional hazards– Site picture
• Formulate/update plan• Task/purpose to work parties
– Situational awareness– Prioritize – Mitigate hazards = reduce risks– Continually evaluate hazards
thru monitoring– Evaluate required PPE
• Continue to evaluate and reevaluate as work is accomplished
Record
search
Haz
ard
Id
enti
fica
tio
n
Initial Site
Entry &
MonitoringID
Hazards/Risks
Wo
rk Plan
Mis
sion
Compl
ete
Preliminary Evaluation
Site Acciden
t
Sit
e S
afet
y P
lan
PPE
Selection
Site Control
ProgramHazard Mitigation
Monito
ring
Progra
m
Unit
OPS
Science
Safety
IEP
WPs
DCN
Organize
Collect data
Collect data
Input to plan
Input to plan
Plan of action
Brief plan RCN site
Modify plan and brief
SPT SPT
Work
Time
•Location•Records•Site personnel
•Builds safety plan•Potential hazards•PPE•Security of site
Continueto
collectdata
•Receive Msn•Make Ten plan•Task Org•Est CP•Set priorities•Coordinate
QUESTIONS?