SIPDE & Smith Process

Defensive Driving

1.Search» The roadway and off-road areas 20-

30 seconds ahead for information that can help you plan a path of travel

2. Identify» Objects or conditions within 12 to

15 seconds ahead that could interfere with your planned path of travel

3. Predict » What cautions or changes in

conditions on or near the roadway could increase the level of risk

4. Decide» What action or actions to take at

least 4 to 5 seconds ahead of time to control or reduce risk

5.Execute

» Your decisions

1. Aim High» Look ahead not down, as rule you

should be looking 20 to 30 seconds ahead of your vehicle

2. Keep Your Eyes Moving» Search roadway and off-road

conditions that may change and cause you to adjust your vehicle’s speed or position

3. Get the Big Picture» Search your whole driving

environment not just a small part of it

4. Make Sure Others See You

» Communicate with drivers and pedestrians

5. Leave Yourself a Way Out or Margin of Safety

» Always leave yourself a path of escape-a way to avoid a collision